{"title":"Overview of the Latest Developments in Commercial Wireless Technologies of Distribution Automation","authors":"S. Isaacson","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649056","url":null,"abstract":"As electric utilities deploy more 'intelligent electronic device' (IED) controls throughout their power distribution systems, utility engineers and management are looking for reliable, secure and cost-effective wireless and communication and control solutions. May utilities are turning to the commercial digital cellular networks to build these solutions that supplement their 'wired' network. On the carrier side, digital cellular technologies have evolved rapidly, with expanding coverage, high data rates, and competitive pricing. This paper provides an update on the latest digital cellular technologies, with insights specific to electric distribution automation, and examples of projects in the field. Important elements of system security is also discussed","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116916600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Adaptive VAr Compensator for Transmission System Flicker Correction","authors":"E. S. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the application of an adaptive var compensator to reduce voltage flicker associated with the stalling of large motors. The ease considered involves the sequential starting of two 1000 hp motors in an across-the-line mode. The motors are served by a 44 kV-4.16 kV dedicated substation. The 44 kV transmission line also serves over 2000 residential and commercial customers through two widely separated 44 kV-12.5 kV substations. Several methods of reducing flicker were considered. Customer complaints associated with voltage excursions during motor starting were successfully resolved","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128087866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Directional Overcurrent Relaying (67) Concepts","authors":"J. Horak, W. Babic","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649062","url":null,"abstract":"Directional overcurrent relaying (67) refers to relaying that can use the phase relationship of voltage and current to determine direction to a fault. There are a variety of concepts by which this task is done. This paper reviews the mainstream methods by which 67 type directional decisions are made by protective relays. The paper focuses on how a numeric directional relay uses the phase relationship of sequence components such as positive sequence (V<sub>1</sub> vs. I<sub>1</sub>), negative sequence (V<sub>2</sub> vs. I<sub>2</sub>), and zero sequence (V<sub>0</sub> vs. I<sub>0</sub>) to sense fault direction, but other concepts such as using quadrature voltage (e.g., V<sub>ab</sub> vs I<sub>c</sub>) are included","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132565740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spacer cable lightning-induced overvoltages computed using measured groud resistances","authors":"G. Ge Jiang, S. Boggs, J. Tarpey, R. Wamer","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649046","url":null,"abstract":"Spacer cable provides compact distribution of 3-phase power. However, the close proximity of the phases to each other and the neutral carrier wire results in very high fields under lightning conditions. The concept of spacer cable is based on the assumption that the neutral carrier wire is grounded at each pole with an earth resistance no greater than 25 Omega. In many areas, this assumption is far from met. In the present study, we compute lightning induced overvoltages for long lengths of spacer cable including the effect of every lightning arrester, transformer, etc. on the line and using measured ground resistances, for a range of lightning currents and risetimes","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133862479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Components of an Effective Vegetation Management Program (2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference)","authors":"P. Appelt, A. Beard","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649048","url":null,"abstract":"ECI has evaluated more than 150 electric utility vegetation management programs throughout the United States and internationally. Common traits were evident in those programs deemed to be successful. This paper discusses the components of a successful vegetation management program and the paths to achieving vegetation management success. Five phases of successful program development and implementation include: (1) workload quantification and strategic plans, (2) work practices and standards, (3) master plans and annual schedules, (4) contract management processes, and (5) record keeping. Specific examples of how Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) has implemented these phases over the past 10 years in the development of a successful vegetation management program have been included","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127846862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Developments in Stray Voltage Rules and Regulations","authors":"P. Ortmann","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649036","url":null,"abstract":"Stray voltage is a concern for many electricity providers and their agricultural customers. Over the years, the need to create stray voltage rules and regulations has been recognized, but attempts to enact such rules and regulations have mostly been unsuccessful. In Idaho, rules and regulations covering stray voltage have been created recently through a collaborative effort between regulators, electricity providers, and consumers. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of having stray voltage rules and regulations, and the process used to develop the rules and regulations in Idaho. This paper also describes recent developments in stray voltage rules and regulations elsewhere and compares the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful attempts to regulate stray voltage","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128693069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of the Power Quality of a Rural Electric System","authors":"J. C. Worley","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649038","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation discusses the results of a three-year study of distribution system power quality as seen at the low-side bus of distribution substations. Data from 85 substations was used in this study. The purpose of the project was to characterize the system power quality and to determine what influences it. Many variables, both system related and weather related, were analyzed. Although there have been previous studies of power quality, this is the first to take a comprehensive look at environmental influences on power quality. One surprising conclusion is that temperature is a stronger predictor of the number of voltage sags than lightning flash occurrence. The system parameter study showed both agreement and disagreement with earlier studies. The results of analysis of the data is discussed in detail along with their implication to improving power quality on rural systems. Besides studying what influences the number of voltage sags, the correlation between the voltage sag index (SARFI) and interruption frequency index (SAIFI) was also investigated. A very strong correlation of an inverse relationship between the two was seen. This implies that by only concentrating on improving power quality one can increase the number of system interruptions. The discussion explores what further studies are needed to find means to improve one without degrading the other","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124278001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Energy Policy Act of 2005 and its Impact on Distributed Generation","authors":"K. Malmedal, B. Kroposki, P. Sen","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649053","url":null,"abstract":"The energy policy act of 2005 substantially modifies a number of past energy legislation and adds new legislation. This impacts the applications, R&D efforts and perhaps how electricity is delivered and utilized in the foreseeable future. A part of the bill has the stated purpose of achieving energy self-sufficiency by the year 2025 (a very ambitious goal) within the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This bill also has provisions for anyone wishing to connect to the existing power grid (either at the transmission or distribution level) and sell power to a utility or other entity including incentives for generation of electricity from certain types of sources. This paper provides a comprehensive review and describe the impact of this bill on distributed generation, the electricity market, the national electrical grid, and the future of how electricity is delivered in the U.S","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kaipia, J. Lassila, J. Partanen, J. Lohjala, S.-S. Sahko
{"title":"Experiences of using the 1 kV three phase supply in rural electricity distribution","authors":"T. Kaipia, J. Lassila, J. Partanen, J. Lohjala, S.-S. Sahko","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.2006.1649057","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society is dependent on electricity distribution. The expectations for more reliable and continuous electricity are growing all the time. Short and long outages in electricity distribution have shown the vulnerability of modern society. The customers' quality consciousness and the role of energy market authority have grown during the last years. In addition, to allow the rate of return of companies, the authority supervises power quality in the sense of reliability. In the near future, power quality is an actual part of the distribution regulation model. The focus of this paper deals with practical experiences of application of the three-voltage-level 20/1/0.4 kV system and results of studies in which alternative network solutions are evaluated. Network designs and practical experiences have shown that the 20/1/0.4 kV system is an economical solution compared to the traditional system when it enables replacing 20 kV medium voltage lines with 1 kV low voltage lines","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impedance-Based Fault Location Experience","authors":"K. Zimmerman, D. Costello","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2005.1430435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2005.1430435","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate fault location reduces operating costs by avoiding lengthy and expensive patrols. Accurate fault location expedites repairs and restoration of lines, ultimately reducing revenue loss caused by outages. In this paper, we describe one- and two-ended impedance-based fault location experiences. We define terms associated with fault location and describe several impedance-based methods of fault location (simple reactance, Takagi, zero-sequence current with angle correction, and two-ended negative-sequence). We examine several system faults and analyze the performance of the fault locators given possible sources of error (short fault window, non-homogeneous system, incorrect fault type selection, etc.). Finally, we show the laboratory testing results of a two-ended method, where we automatically extracted a two-ended fault location estimate from a single end.","PeriodicalId":300971,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}