{"title":"Rare case of Idiopathic primary hypoparathyroidism can rarely present as focal seizures in neonates","authors":"H. Al-Sanea","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-23","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder in which the body is not able to produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH),which is necessary to control the levels of calcium and phosphate ions. Decreased levels of PTH lead to low levels of calcium and high levels of phosphate in the blood. Calcium is important electrolyte for muscle contractions and release of messengers from the nerves cells, so people with hypocalcemia experience seizures, which involve large amounts of activity in both muscles and nerves.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"49 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131481643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Civilization and the ABO blood groups","authors":"Donna K. Hobgood","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background:\u0000Were humans who formed the first civilizations genetically different from other\u0000humans? Or did environmental factors alone result in settled ways of life and\u0000thus civilization? Hunter-gatherer ways of life appeared to be the norm until c\u000010,000 years ago when agriculture began to shape human destiny and civilization\u0000followed.\u0000As the first human gene discovered, ABO gene has been studied extensively as to\u0000health and personality correlates, and while no consensus has been reached, there\u0000are findings that warrant further research.\u0000Given the prominent variations in ABO blood group frequencies based on\u0000geography, some archeological evidence and current population data on ABO\u0000blood group frequencies could be valuable to understand the historical and\u0000genetic context of civilization.\u0000Methods:\u0000To explore possible genetic differences from hunter-gatherers in sites where early\u0000agricultural based civilizations formed, current populations in those areas were\u0000surveyed as to their ABO phenotypes.\u0000Results:\u0000Earliest civilizations seemed to be found in areas of lower ABO O:ABO A ratio\u0000compared to the world ratio.\u0000Conclusions:\u0000When looking at human migration patterns, the conclusion can be drawn that\u0000while the Out of Africa migrations of c 50,000 ya appeared to consist of groups\u0000with High ABO O:ABO A ratio, civilizations that formed after c 10,000 ya\u0000marking the Agricultural Revolution were of lower ABO O: ABO A ratio than\u0000that of c 50,000 years ago and even of current world ratio.\u0000It appears that a more genetically behaviorally diverse population supported the\u0000formation of earliest civilizations.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131674117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare cause of lightning gastrointestinal haemorrhage: pseudoaneurysm of superior mesenteric artery caused by gunshot wound","authors":"L. Kallouch, F. Laamrani, L. Jroundi","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-17","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing to aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms carry a higher frequency of complications, early rupture being the most frequent and dangerous, as it can lead to a life-threatening shock. Traditionally, they are associated with trauma, infection, and inflammatory disease. SMA and branchespseudoaneurysms are the rarest forms of visceral pseudo-aneurysms.\u0000Unlike true aneurysms that have all three arterial wall layers, pseudoaneurysms develop from the disruption of intimal and medial layers of the arterial wall and do not contain any epithelized wall, hence the high risk of complications, they are typically outlined by thin fibrous tissue and are usually surrounded by periarterial hematoma. Presentation of pseudoaneurysms may vary from the absence of symptoms to life-threatening haemorrhage and death, but in context of Abdominal penetrating trauma, it can lead to hemorrhagic shock and ischemic colitis. Computed tomography angiography is considered the gold standard for diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128642470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examination of the impacts of e-cigarettes smoking on the tobacco non-smokers","authors":"Tha’er Kanaan, Nayef Alkhrasha, Mahmoud Al-Masaeed","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-11","url":null,"abstract":"Significance and Aim: The effects of cigarettes smoking on both smokers and non-smoker have been an issue of global public health concern. This led to the emergence of e-cigarettes as an alternative to help smokers in their smoking quitting journey. However, it has remained unclear on the public health costs this has on the non-smokers. The ILR Review is developed to examine the public health the use of e-cigarettes have on non-smokers.\u0000\u0000Methods: The ILR sourced data from four databases Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. This was through a keyword search process using the ‘e-cigarettes’ or ‘vaping’ AND ‘addiction’ AND ‘non-smokers’ AND ‘effects OR ‘consequences, search phrases. The search protocol was replicated for all the databases. The findings from the search process were Scopus (419), Medline (283), CINAHL (311), and Google Scholar (321). The ILR applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and the GRADE model to assess the quality of the articles. Consequently, only 23 articles remained for analysis and inclusion in the ILR findings. Finally, the articles were screed through the EQUATOR PRISMA tool and extracted in readiness for analysis.\u0000\u0000Findings and Analysis: The results demonstrate that the use of e-cigarettes has two leading public health implications on non-smokers, namely (i) the risk of new addictions and (ii) the risk of health-related illnesses. The findings affirm that the ease of accessing the e-cigarettes, the marketing craze, and the low cost of acquiring them has exposed a rising number of young people to its new addiction. The addiction could at times progress into tobacco smoking addiction. Secondly, the findings indicate that second hand smoke exposure, also known as passive smoking exposes the public to increased lung cancer, lung diseases and COPD illnesses.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The ILR concludes that e-cigarettes have far-reaching public health concerns on non-smokers. This necessitates the need for increased restrictions and control on the e-cigarettes access and availability. This is in addition to enacting strict regulations on smoking areas and freedom.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123435655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Can Live Together Very Old Owner And His Beloved Dog","authors":"A. Esbulatova, K. Voinov","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It is common knowledge, that usually a dog is a friend to a man. There are very many examples which can confirm this thesis. And really, we know many cases when dogs/pets help in our life and even save a man if he/she is in a dangerous situation (into a water – to protect against to sink into the water), to defend against many people (robber, thief, violator, murderer). There are dogs which have the good skills like a leader/guide for the old people or in the case if a man is practically blind. On the other hand, there are many persons/owners who are ready to help their dogs, to feed, to wash, to treat, to go for a walk in any weather, to create rather comfortable conditions for living. Unfortunately, each of us has the tendency to aging both a man and a dog. In this case we are needed to help to all of them. Elderly people very often have different diseases connected, for example, with a head (sclerosis/memory), with eyesight (cataract, glaucoma), with a heart (tachycardia), with lungs (pneumonia) and they can quickly gather big weight in accordance with their life activity. But let’s suppose the definite man periodically has a problem with his legs to go for a walk with his beloved dog twice a day and for a long time. So, in this article there is one example how to solve this problem for the old man using special cage with the automated system of a control. It helps for the animal to save shape and activity in the flat conditions without any walk. And at the same time there is one important information about a man who has the different activities in a life to protect against the obesity.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122821234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osama O Ambarak, Abtehag A. Taib, M. Abdalla, Alsanussi Elsherif, A. Greiw
{"title":"Morphometric Evaluation of Fourth Ventricle by Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Osama O Ambarak, Abtehag A. Taib, M. Abdalla, Alsanussi Elsherif, A. Greiw","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The fourth ventricle is one of the components of the ventricular system in the brain, along with the lateral and third ventricles. The ventricular size is considered as a potential indicator in determination of many brain diseases. There are dimensional differences between males and females which appeared larger in males.\u0000\u0000Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the radiological dimensions of fourth ventricle and to assess their relationship with gender and age.\u0000\u0000Subjects and methods: Brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of 100 patients (44 males and 56 females) were examined. The dimensions of the fourth ventricle were estimated. Additionally, the variation with sex and age were also described. After collection and checking of data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data entry and analysis.\u0000\u0000Results: The AP length of 4th ventricle of all patients ranged from 6.5-13.9 mm with mean (± SD) 10.67 ± 1.66 mm. In females, it ranged from 6.5-13.9 mm with mean (± SD) 10.48 ± 1.76 mm while in males; it ranged from 7-13.9 mm with mean (± SD) 10.92 ± 1.51 mm. The mean of 4th ventricle AP length of males were comparatively higher than females. Similarly, the 4th ventricle width of all patients ranged from 8.7-16.1 mm with mean (± SD) 12.06 ± 1.41 mm. In females, it ranged from 8.7-14.6 mm with mean (± SD) 11.85 ± 1.32 mm while in males; it ranged from 9.1-16.1 mm with mean (± SD) 12.32 ± 1.48 mm. The study showed that width of fourth ventricle was more than the AP length and both were greater in males than in females. AP length and width showed negative correlation with age.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The normal reference values of ventricles obtained from MRI are necessary to form the baseline data for interpreting pathological changes, planning surgery, and determining presence and progress of some neurological diseases. Furthermore, the dimension of fourth ventricle should be taken into consideration during radiological reports and during clinical examination.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122501578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in elderly patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism","authors":"Prof. Fahad Abdullah Saleh Aleidan","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-24","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000\u0000Little is known about the effects of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in cancer[1]related venous thromboembolism patients.\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000 Data of patients with cancer-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) were retrieved from King Abdulaziz Medical City Database during 2016–2020. We excluded patients who were not using oral anticoagulants, used anticoagulants for <30 days, used 2 agents concomitantly or switched anticoagulants,were aged <65. The primary outcomes were recurrent VTE,major bleeding, and death from any cause.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000\u0000 We identified 717 patients who received a diagnosis of cancer-related VTE. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 445 patients remained, 298 were used warfarin, and 147 were received NOACs. Both groups were followed up for 12±2 months. The mean age of the patients was 71 ± 8 in the DOACs group and 76 ±6 in the warfarin group (p > 0.05); 48.24% of patients in the DOAC group and 46.98% of patients in the warfaringroup were men (p > 0.05). The mean HAS-BLED score was 3.7 ± 3.8 in the NOAC group and 3.8 ± 3.9 in the warfaringroup (p > 0.05). Furthermore, among patients with cancer-related VTE, DOAC was associated with no difference in major bleeding or recurrence events (CRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.78–1.05; CRR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.52–0.77, respectively), and significantly reduced death from any cause (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.52–0.80) compared with warfarin.\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000\u0000 In elderly patients with cancer-related VTE, DOAC was associated with reduced death from any cause compared with warfarin, whereas no difference in major bleeding or recurrent VTE were observed between these treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123156685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muath Elwaisi, Mahmoud Al-Masaeed, Rawan Alsababha, Muhammad Alqudah
{"title":"Rapid review of hand hygiene efficacy in reduction catheter associated urinary tract infections","authors":"Muath Elwaisi, Mahmoud Al-Masaeed, Rawan Alsababha, Muhammad Alqudah","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This review has been undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the hand hygiene in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections among patients admitted in the acute care settings. Catheter associated infections are totally preventable and the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections cause a burden on the healthcare system and the economy of the country. Hand hygiene of the health care personnel’s is the most effective and economical way in the prevention of infections associated with the urinary catheters.\u0000\u0000Objective: This review to find out the effectiveness of hand hygiene for the prevention or reduction in the rate of catheter associated urinary tract infections among patients admitted in the acute care setting.\u0000\u0000Result: Five different experimental studies identified the effectiveness of hand hygiene of healthcare workers on the rates of catheter associated urinary tract infections.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Hand hygiene is effective in the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infections when health care workers perform it as per the five moments of hand hygiene given by WHO.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Rubí, Musbih ul Qayyum Zia, Muhammad Yousaf Rana, Ayaz Akbar, Zainab Javiad
{"title":"Target Testing and Specificity of Nucleic Acid Based Diagnostics for COVID-19","authors":"G. Rubí, Musbih ul Qayyum Zia, Muhammad Yousaf Rana, Ayaz Akbar, Zainab Javiad","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The seek of this study is to provide an indication on the features of diagnostic testing of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, including parameters of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios.\u0000\u0000Background: Coronavirus Disease is the fifth international emergency after 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). On 30 January, the WHO acknowledged COVID-19 to be a global health disaster of international importance and a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In vitro analyses of the data shows that for SARS-CoV-2 the RT-PCR test is highly specific, as it is not counter react with nucleic acid of other viruses.\u0000\u0000Methods: Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected into a 3 ml viral transport media (VTM) and transported to Laboratory. Extraction of the viral RNA was done by Qiasymphony DSP Virus/ Pathogen mini kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany). For amplification process of RT-PCR qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA utilizing with SYSTAAQ 2019-Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Real time PCR kit using a BIORAD-CFX 96.\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 15,049, 3195 samples were positive for covid-19 qPCR. Ratio of the Males patients were greater than females. 63.7% males and 36.3% females were effected with Covid-19. Symptom wise analysis shows 62% patient were asymptomatic, 22.7% mild, 1.7% moderate, 12.7% stable, 0.6% severe and 0.2% were critical. Our analysis reveals age group 1 (4.9%), group 2 (55.5%), group 3 (27.5%), and group 4 (12.1%) were effected with SARS-nCoV-2. Our result shows 3.0 % patients were deceased and 97% were recovered.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Our findings contribute to the evolving understanding of the sophisticated interaction between this emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus and nucleic acid based target testing of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cholesterol Absorption - Kinetics in six animal-based oxidized foods and their potential influence on Redox Biophysics, COVID-19 Sepsis, and other leading lethal afflictions: A pilot single case study","authors":"J. Cocores","doi":"10.51520/2766-5240-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51520/2766-5240-21","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidized, browned, Maillard end-product, coating fried, baked, grilled, and roasted foods stimulate oral-mesolimbic opiate-dopaminergic pathways that drive overeating and overweight. Melanoidin-browned food is the most widely abused mood-enhancing substance and the top public health hazard globally. Maillard abuse disorder is estimated to occur in more than seven out of ten people worldwide.\u0000Adult monthly weight gain and childhood obesity significantly increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Mounting evidence exists that Maillard[1]coated food prompts redox imbalance, increases the risk of hosting symptomatic COVID-19 sepsis, courtesy of an already Maillard misuse-compromised immune response and a litany of other common Maillard-based illnesses and sources of death.\u0000 For fifty-six years, assuming animal-based foods with smaller amounts of oxidized exogenous cholesterol (ox-ex-CHOL)—such as cooked fish and chicken— absorbed and dispersed equally lesser blood levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) without ever scientifically testing the speculation. The purpose of this pilot study is to test the necessity of a more considerable investigation determining whether the exogenous cholesterol values of six animal[1]based foods translate into corresponding ox-LDL blood levels. And to test each oxidized lipoprotein’s influence on corporal redox biophysics and the risk for COVID-19 sepsis and other leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The subject met all inclusion criteria, provided a morning baseline lipid panel and TSH blood sample, followed a specific day’s dietary protocol, and provided a following day blood draw before initiating a subsequent heated and oxidized food challenge. Processed food challenges included steamed wild salmon within a fresh-frozen lima bean and pigeon pea-green alkaline diet (ALK-D) and canned chickpea-beige acidic diet (ACD-D). Other food challenges had boiled then very[1]lightly roasted grain-fed chicken within an ALK-D, commercially grilled medium[1]rare grain-fed beef steak within an ALK-D, roasted dark-brown free-range lamb within an ALK-D, minimally melted grain-fed mozzarella cheese within an ALK-D and ACD-D. Hard-to-soft boiled free-range eggs within an ALK-D and ACD-D.\u0000Previously assumed ex-CHOL to circulating ox-LDL absorption-dynamics were grossly incorrect as it relates to the person studied. Heated egg, cheese, lamb, and beef-CHOL absorbed and translated less into endogenous ox-LDL than cooked fish and chicken. At the same time, free-range lamb, eggs and salmon best-prevented redox imbalance, inflammation, immunoincompetence, COVID-19 sepsis risk, and chronic sickness risk in the participant studied. Grain-fed beef and cheese were next within the most dynamic longevity-friendly to an illness-causing spectrum of the foods assayed in vivo. Grain-fed chicken most facilitated redox imbalance, inflammation, immunoincompetence, COVID-19 sepsis risk, and chronic sickness risk in the subject studied. T","PeriodicalId":300761,"journal":{"name":"RAS Medical Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}