Revista Brasileira De Zoologia最新文献

{"title":"Características produtivas e qualitativas do capim-elefante pastejado em intervalo fixo ou variável de acordo com a interceptação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa","authors":"T. V. Voltolini, F. Santos, Junio Cesar Martinez, Rafael Luis Clarindo, M. A. Penati, Hugo Imaizumi","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500009","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this trial was to evaluate two intervals of grazing on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) pasture. It was tested a variable grazing interval when it was observed an interception of 95% of active photosynthetic radiation by sward, and a 26-day fixed grazing interval. The experimental design was a complete randomized design with time repeated measurements. The interval of grazing, pre and post grazing sward heights, sward interception of active photosynthetic radiation and leaf area index were greater when the fixed pasture interval was applied. There was no effect of intervals of grazing on forage mass, leaf mass and stem mass in pre- or post-grazing neither for sward volumetric density in pre grazing. Dead material mass was lower for variable grazing interval than in fixzed grazing for both pre and post grazing. Neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were lower in the grazing managed in the variable interval than in the fixed grazing interval. The use of variable grazing interval intervals that promoted reduction in resting time of the pasture resulted in positive effects on forage quality.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternity in Brazilian goats through the use of DNA microsatellites","authors":"Adriana Mello de Araújo, S. Guimarães, C. S. Pereira, P. S. Lopes, M. T. Rodrigues, T. Machado","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500010","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 292 animals from three breeds (Alpine and Saanen dairy breeds, and the Brazilian naturalized breed Moxoto) were genotyped, comprising 276 paternity cases. Statistical analyses were carried out by using TFPGA and CERVUS programs. Heterozygosis ranged from 0.542 (ILSTS005) to 0.825 (INRA006), with an average of 0.717 for all loci. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.676 and 0.542, and combined exclusion probabilities (EP) were 0.999591 and 0.988375 for known and unknown maternal genotypes, respectively. The microsatellite system reveals 10% of paternity misidentification in evaluated registers.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"25 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120901011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and behavioral development of the piracanjuba larvae","authors":"C. Maciel, E. A. T. Lanna, Alaor Maciel Júnior, J. Donzele, C. A. Neves, E. Menin","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500004","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to study the morphologic development and the swimming and feeding behaviors of piracanjuba larvae, Brycon orbignyanus Valenciennes (1849) (Characiformes, Characidae, Bryconinae), during the period from zero to 172 hours after hatching (standard length = 3.62 - 11.94 mm). The morphological analyses were accomplished by using a trinocular stereo microscope, while the behavioral analyses were performed through periodic observations. In 28 hours after hatching, the larvae (standard length = 6.25 ± 0.13 mm) showed the following structural and behavioral characteristics that made them become active predators able to overcome a larval critical phase, the beginning of exogenous feeding: presence of pigmented eyes, terminal and wide mouth, developed oral dentition, developing digestive tube, yolk sac reduction, fins and swim bladder formation, horizontal swimming, cannibalism, and predation. Intense cannibalism among larvae was verified from 26 to 72 hours. At the end of the metamorphosis - 172 hours after hatching - the larvae measuring 11.94 + 0.80 mm in standard length presented a flexed notochord, caudal fin bifurcation, dorsal and anal fin formation, synchronized movements, and formation of shoals, characteristics that together allow enhanced perception and locomotio in exploration of the environment, determining the best moment for transfering to the fishponds. New studies can contribute to commercial fish farming by improving feeding management, performance, survival, and productivity of this species.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"23 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131937481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis","authors":"A. L. Souza, Rasmo Garcia, L. S. Cabral, M. Pereira, R. Valadares","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500027","url":null,"abstract":"Avaliaram-se o balanco de compostos nitrogenados e a sintese de proteina microbiana (PBmic) em novilhas leiteiras submetidas a dietas contendo casca de cafe (0,0; 8,75; 17,5 e 26,25% da materia seca) em substituicao ao milho no concentrado, correspondendo aos niveis de 0,0; 3,5; 7,0 e 10,5% da materia seca da dieta total. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mesticas com grau de sangue Holandes variando de 7/8 a 31/32, distribuidas em delineamento em blocos casualizados, formados de acordo com o peso dos animais. Amostras spot de urina foram coletadas aproximadamente 4 horas apos a alimentacao da manha e utilizadas para estimar a sintese de PBmic utilizando-se os derivados de purina na urina. Nao foi observado efeito dos niveis de casca de cafe na dieta sobre o consumo de nitrogenio total (160 g/dia) e a excrecao de nitrogenio na urina (87,4 g/dia). A inclusao de casca de cafe na dieta promoveu aumento linear na excrecao de nitrogenio nas fezes, bem como alteracao do balanco de nitrogenio. Houve reducao linear nas excrecoes urinarias de alantoina, nos derivados de purinas totais e purinas absorvidas, que reduziram 0,715; 0,873; 0,954 mmol/dia a cada unidade de casca de cafe adicionada no concentrado, respectivamente. A casca de cafe alterou a sintese de PBmic, que teve reducao de 0,687 g/dia a cada unidade de casca de cafe adicionada ao concentrado. A reducao na sintese de proteina microbiana pode diminuir o ganho de peso em novilhas alimentadas com casca de cafe.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131641674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crescimento e deposio de nutrientes nos rgos de frangos de corte de duas linhagens comerciais","authors":"S. M. Marcato, N. K. Sakomura, J. Fernandes, J. C. Siqueira, L. Dourado, E. R. Freitas","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500019","url":null,"abstract":"This work was carried out with the objective of studying the growth profile and the nutrients deposition on organs (heart, liver, gizzard, intestine and proventricle) of male and female broiler chickens from Ross and Cobb lineages. It was used 1,920 chicks at the age of one day placed in experimental shed boxes on the floor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial model composed of 2 sexes (mates and females) and two strains with 4 repetitions of 120 broilers each. The broilers were fed formulated diets to supply the nutrient requirements according to each breeding phase. After 24 hours of fasting, the broilers were weighed and slaughtered (1 to 56 days) every week. The weight and components of the organs (water, ash, protein and fat) were weekly obtained, with parameters estimated by the equation of Gompertz and the growth rates were determined by the derived of the equations. There was no influence of the strains on the deposition of nutrients on the heart. Ross chicks were more precocious on growth and on the deposition of water and ashes in the liver, therefore it presents a greater metabolic activity in digestion and nutrient synthesis. Cobb strain was more precocious in the development of the intestine and the growth and deposition of nutrients on the proventricle. Males are more precocious than females on the growth rate and on the protein, fat and water deposition in the gizzard.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanço de nitrogênio em fêmeas leiteiras em confinamento alimentadas com concentrado à base de farelo de soja ou farelo de algodão","authors":"S. A. Santos, José Maurício de Souza Campos, S. C. V. Filho, A. Oliveira, S. Souza, Alberto Magno Ferreira Santiago","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500026","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate effect of based-soybean or cottonseed meal concentrate rations in diets with corn silage on nitrogen balance (NB) and microbial protein production in growing dairy females. diets consisted of the combination of two levels of concentrate ration, 1 or 2 kg, and two protein sources, soybean meal or cottonseed meal. The animals that consumed 2 kg of concentrate ration showed greater total nitrogen intake, however, there was no significant effect on fecal-N, urine-N and nitrogen balance. The interaction among the concentrade levels and the protein source affected the urine uric N (N-urine) but did not change the levels of ureic nitrogen in the plasma. Levels of concentrate and protein sources did not affect concentrations of total purine and allantoin in the urine, the percentage of allantoin regarded to total purine, the levels of uric acid in the urine, microbial nitrogen neither the microbial efficiency. The supply of 1 or 2 kg of concentrate ration for growing dairy heifers, using soybean meal or cottonseed meal as protein sources does not affect microbial efficiency, although the supply of 2 kg of concentrate ration causes N waste in feces.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"422 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124214761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of non-genetic factors on the early body weights of Tunisian local goats","authors":"O. Mabrouk, N. Sghaier, R. Costa, G. Amor, Ammar Elgaaied Amel, J. Delgado","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500023","url":null,"abstract":"It was evaluated in this study the environmental effects on body weights of goat kids from birth to 150 days of age of Tunisian local goat population, on the basis of 1,656 records obtained from the Arid Areas Institute of Medenine, Tunisia, during 2001-2005. Except for birth weight, individual records were adjusted for standard ages (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) using either extrapolation or interpolation on field data. Data were analyzed by GLM procedure and SNK (α = 0.05) means comparison test. The kidding year (2001-2005), kidding month (December, January, February, and March), birth type (single and twins), sex (male and female), coat colour of kid and age of dam (2-10 years) were definied as non-genetic factors. Results showed that mean values and standard deviation (SD) of body weight at birth (0), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of age were 2.57 ± 0.52 kg, 4.06 ± 1.16 kg, 6.99 ± 1.87 kg, 8.90 ± 2.46 kg, 11.48 ± 3.35 kg and 13.53 ± 4.80 kg for male and 2.29 ± 0.44 kg, 4.76 ± 1.13 kg, 3.09 ± 1.33 kg, 8.08 ± 2.02 kg, 10.24 ± 2.36 kg and 12.15 ± 6.54 kg for female. The kidding year, birth type and sex had effect on body weights of Tunisian local kids at all ages. The single and male was always heavier than the twins and the females. The birth month had effect on all body weights except for weight at 30 days of age. The age of dam had effect on body weights from 60 to 150 days of age. However, the coat color had no significant effect on all body weights. Environmental effects estimated in this study are important and need to be taken into account for Tunisian local goat management and breeding improvement under harsh conditions.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131854893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive performance of broiler chickens fed tomato waste","authors":"Rosa Cavalcante Lira, C. Rabello, M. Ludke, Paulo Vanderlei Ferreira, Geraldo Roberto Quintão Lana, S. Lana","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500018","url":null,"abstract":"Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusao do residuo do tomate sobre o desempenho produtivo e as caracteristicas da carcaca e dos principais cortes de frangos de corte, foi realizado um experimento com 300 pintos machos Cobb, distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco racoes e cinco repeticoes. As dietas consistiram de uma racao-referencia a base de milho e farelo de soja e quatro racoes com 5, 10, 15 e 20% de residuo do tomate. Foram avaliados, semanalmente, o consumo de racao, o ganho de peso e a conversao alimentar e, no final do experimento, os pesos de abate, carcaca eviscerada, carcaca sem pes e cabeca, de peito, coxa, sobrecoxa, asa, dorso, visceras comestiveis e gordura abdominal, bem como seus rendimentos. O residuo de tomate aumentou o consumo de racao nos periodos de 1 a 7, 8 a 14 e 29 a 36 dias de idade, mas piorou o ganho de peso e a conversao alimentar dos frangos de corte ate 29 dias de idade. Os pesos de carcacas (g) e das partes nobres, peito, coxa e sobrecoxas diminuiram linearmente como consequencia do residuo no peso das aves nas fases pre-inicial e inicial, ou seja, ate 28 dias de idade. Os rendimentos (%) dessescortes nao foram afetados pelo uso de residuo de tomate, exceto os rendimentos de coracao e figado. O uso de residuo de tomate em racoes para frangos de corte durante o periodo de 1 a 28 dias pode diminuir o ganho de peso e piorar a conversao alimentar. O residuo de tomate pode ser utilizado em niveis de ate 20% em racoes para frangos de corte no periodo de 29 a 42 dias de idade, pois nesse nivel nao prejudica o ganho de peso nem a conversao alimentar das aves.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132250601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comportamento ingestivo e consumo de forragem por cordeiras em pastagem de milheto recebendo ou não suplemento","authors":"F. Jochims, C. C. Pires, Letieri Griebler, Anderson Bolzan, Felipe D. A. Dias, D. B. Galvani","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000300017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000300017","url":null,"abstract":"Avaliaram-se o comportamento ingestivo e o consumo de materia seca de cordeiras recebendo diferentes tipos de suplemento em pastagem de milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Foram utilizadas 24 cordeiras com peso inicial de 30,2 ± 2,6 kg, distribuidas em tres estrategias alimentares: pastagem de milheto exclusivamente; pastagem de milheto e suplementacao com farinha de mandioca; e pastagem de milheto e suplementacao com gluten de milho. Os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 1% do PV. Foram avaliados, em tres datas, os tempos diarios (min/dia) de pastejo, ruminacao e ocio e a taxa de bocados (boc/min) das cordeiras. O consumo de materia seca (CMS) foi estimado pela relacao entre a producao fecal e a indigestibilidade da materia seca e a digestibilidade da MS, pelo metodo in vitro. A estimativa da excrecao fecal foi realizada utilizando-se oxido de cromo como marcador externo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres estrategias alimentares, duas repeticoes de area e quatro animais-teste por repeticao. O fornecimento de suplementos diminuiu o tempo de pastejo diario, a taxa de bocados e a massa de bocado. A ingestao de pasto foi menor entre as cordeiras que receberam gluten de milho que entre aquelas mantidas exclusivamente a pasto, todavia, a ingestao total de MS foi maior quando fornecidos os suplementos (947 g para suplementacao com gluten de milho; 907 g para suplementacao com farinha de mandioca; e 652 g para pastagem exclusiva). Cordeiras em pastagem de milheto sem suplementacao permanecem mais tempo em pastejo.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128490186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights","authors":"Wander de Souza, O. Barbosa, J. A. Marques, Marco Aurélio Morais Soares Costa, E. Gasparino, Erni Limberger","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000300030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000300030","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to verify if the presence of trees and its height in formed silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus planted in rank can modify the microclimate and improve the environment for bovine raising during the day in summer. It was evaluated the microclimate of the environment in formed silvipastoral systems in rank of eucalyptus with 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height, compared to a system no shade in the summer. The experimental design was a split plot with six hour time in sub parcels. The systems are made up of parcels and the months as block in four replications and the interaction hour × system. The air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were observed to create the following indexes for thermal comfort: temperature-humidity index; black globe-humidity index; heat load index and the radiant thermal load. Excepted for the relative humidity, there was interaction for time × system for all variables and indexes. Interaction occurred for: air temperature at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m.; wind speed from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; temperature humidity index at 10 a.m. and 12 p.m.; black globe temperature, black globe humidity index, heat load index, and radiant thermal load at all the hours. During the summer, the system with shade of 28 m trees had the lowest average of black globe temperature; wind speed; black globe humidity index; radiant thermal load index; and heat load index. There was a reduction of wind speed average in systems 8 m, 18 m and 28 m trees in, respectively, 20.7; 50.0 and 48.0% in relation to no shade system; however it was not proportional to the height, with influence of the rank porosity and pantries height. Nevertheless, for radiant thermal load index the reduction was proportional to the height of the trees with 10.24; 12.49 and 20.76%, respectively, for 8 m, 18 m and 28 meters of height. There was a reduction of the thermal stress in the environment due to the presence of trees, being the heat load index thermal the index that better demonstrated the effect, despite of not being proportional to the rank height.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127618590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}