Revista Brasileira De Zoologia最新文献

{"title":"Características bromatológicas, fermentativas e população de leveduras de silagens de cana-de-açúcar acrescidas de ureia e aditivos absorventes de umidade","authors":"J. Lopes, Antônio Ricardo Evangelista","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500007","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilizacao de aditivos sobre as caracteristicas fermentativas e bromatologicas e a populacao de leveduras da silagem de cana-de-acucar. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. Foram testadas diferentes quantidades de aditivos a cana-de-acucar no momento da ensilagem (com base na materia verde da forragem): 1,5% ureia; 0,5 ureia + 4% de milho; 0,5 ureia + 4% de mandioca desidratada; 1,5% de amireia e cana-de-acucar controle. A cana-de-acucar da variedade RB-72454, com 18 meses de rebrota, foi armazenada em silos experimentais de concreto com capacidade de 500 kg durante 180 dias. Foram avaliados os teores de materia seca, proteina bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente acido, carboidratos nao-fibrosos, cinzas, pH, nitrogenio amoniacal e lignina e a contagem de leveduras. O maior teor de materia seca e o menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro sao obtidos com a associacao de ureia e milho, que melhora o padrao fermentativo na silagem.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131191247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redução do nível de proteína bruta em rações para frangos de corte em ambiente de estresse por calor","authors":"W. P. Oliveira, R. Oliveira, J. L. Donzele, P. C. Gomes, Mariana dos Santos Martins, A. P. Assis","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500020","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to evaluate the effects of reduction of dietary crude protein level with supplementation of industrial amino acids on the performance and carcass yield of broilers between 22 to 42 days of age, under heat stress. It was used 280 Cobb broilers with initial weight of 856 ± 7.41 g, distributed in a complete randomized experimental design, with five crude protein levels (21.6; 20.6; 19.6; 18.6 and 17.6%), eight repetitions and seven broilers per experimental unit. The temperature inside the rooms was kept at 32.2 ± 0.6oC, the relative humidity at 66 ± 3.2% and black globe temperature at 33.0 ± 0.7°C. The black globe-humidity index calculated for the period was 83 ± 0.9. There was no effect of crude protein levels on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of the birds. The reduction of dietary crude protein levels influenced the absolute weight of carcass and breast, and the level of 19.6% proportioned higher carcass and breast weights of the broilers compared to the level of 21.6% of crude protein. However, there was no effect of the reduction of levels of crude protein on absolute values of thigh and drumstick and also on breast, thigh and drumstick yields. The dietary crude protein level, formulated by using the ideal protein concept, can be reduced from 21.6 to 17.6% not negatively affecting the performance, absolute weight and noble cut yield of broilers under heat stress.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130420465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic evaluation of partial growth trajectory of Santa Ins breed using random regression models","authors":"Kassiana Adriano Pinto de Oliveira, R. Lôbo, O. Facó","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500013","url":null,"abstract":"Foram utilizados 19.303 registros de peso de ovinos da raca Santa Ines com os objetivos de avaliar funcoes polinomiais com diferentes ordens para melhor ajuste das regressoes fixas e aleatorias da trajetoria de crescimento e estimar os componentes de covariância e os parâmetros geneticos desta trajetoria. Os efeitos fixos utilizados nas analises foram grupo de contemporâneos, sexo e tipo de nascimento. Para ajuste da regressao fixa da trajetoria media de crescimento, foram avaliados polinomios ordinarios e de Legendre com ordens variando de 2 a 4. Para as regressoes aleatorias, foram avaliadas as funcoes de Legendre e β-spline quadratica, com ordens variando de 3 a 4. As funcoes com polinomios de Legendre de quarta ordem foram adequadas para ajustar a parte aleatoria, enquanto os polinomios ordinarios de terceira ordem foram melhores para ajustar a parte fixa. As herdabilidades diretas nos dias 1, 50, 150, 250 e 411 foram de 0,24; 0,12; 0,44; 0,84; e 0,96, respectivamente, enquanto as herdabilidades maternas nessas idades foram de 0,24; 0,19; 0,09; 0,02 e 0,01. As correlacoes geneticas entre pesos em idades subsequentes foram elevadas, tendendo a unidade, e houve correlacoes negativas entre pesos tomados em idades mais jovens e aqueles tomados em idades mais avancadas. A variabilidade genetica observada permite alterar a trajetoria de crescimento por meio de selecao. O controle genetico dos pesos nas fases iniciais do crescimento nao e o mesmo que atua em idades mais tardias. Assim, a selecao de animais para abate em idade jovem deve ser diferente daquela para animais de reposicao no rebanho.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desempenho de juvenis de tilpia-do-nilo alimentados com raes contendo complexo enzimtico","authors":"A. A. Signor, Wilson Rogério Boscolo, Fábio Bittencourt, A. Feiden, Giovani Sampaio Gonçalves, J. M. A. Freitas","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500006","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an enzimatic complex in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on performance, carcass chemical composition as well as water quality. The experiment was performed in 62 days. It was used two hundred reverted fingerlings (14.57 ± 1.24 g) distributed in a complete randomized design in 20 500 L-tanks with four treatments and five replicates, considering a box with 10 fish as a experimental unit. The fish were fed diets containing 0; 0.033; 0.066 and 0.099% of enzimatic complex. The diets were processed in peletized way and supplied four times a day (8:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.) The pH average values, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total phosphorus, ammonia and water nitrate of the cultivation were not influenced by the inclusion of the enzimatic complexin the diet. The inclusion of enzymatic complex in the diet did not affect weight gain, survival, and specific growing rate; however, it affected diet consumption and food conversion, whose values were greater for fish fed 0.066% of enzimatic complex diet. No differences were observed on dry matter, humidity, crude protein, mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus in the fish carcass, nevertheless, the ether extract decreased linearly as the level of enzymatic complex increased. The utilization of enzimatic complex (amylase, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase) at the level of 0.066% for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) worsens food conversion but does not influence performance and body composition of the fish.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134053858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlaes entre medidas determinadas in vivo por ultrassom e na carcaa de ovelhas de descarte","authors":"Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro, André Mendes Jorge, M. Yokoo","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500030","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper was to study subcutaneous fat thickness, loin eye area, length and maximum depth measurements of the longissimus dorsi muscle between the 13th rib and the 1st lumbar vertebra determined by ultrasound examination and on the carcass of discard ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages, besides correlation and determination coefficients among measurements evaluated. It was used 21 Santa Ines ewes distributed into the following treatments: EL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and slaughtered one day after weaning; EWL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs one more period of approximately 30 days without the lambs and slaughtered afterwards; and ENC = ewes that did not give birth during the year. Results showed that the maximum length of the longissimus dorsi muscle obtained by ultrasound examination and on carcass of the animals were not influenced by the experimental treatments. The ultrasound can be used with reasonable accuracy to estimate characteristics of the carcass of discard ewes, particularly the thickness of subcutaneous fat.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114399642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acurácia, precisão e robustez das estimativas da digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca determinada com o uso de indicadores em ovinos","authors":"P. H. Rodrigues, R. Gomes, R. F. Siqueira, P. Meyer, Renato Ranzini Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500024","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the accuracy, precision and robustness of in vivo dry matter apparent digestibility estimates (DMAD), using as markers indigestible acid detergent fiber, indigestible neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide in comparison to the fecal total collection. Eighteen wethers (56.5 ± 4.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to diets containing 25, 50 or 75% of concentrate and Coast cross hay for 25 days. Feces were collected during the five days to determine apparent digestibility of dry matter and samples of feed and feces were incubated for 144 hours in bovine rumen to obtain the indigestible fractions. Chromic oxide (4.0 g/animal) was offered daily. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing mean bias of estimates (predicted dry matter apparent digestibility - observed dry matter apparent digestibility) among markers. Precision was assessed by the root mean square prediction error and the residual error; robustness was studied by the regression between bias and dry matter intake, diet concentrate level and animal body weight. Fecal recovery and accuracy of dry matter apparent digestibility estimates were higher for indigestible acid detergent fiber, followed by indigestible neutral detergent fiber, indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide, and at last for acid detergent lignin. Linear bias was significant only for indigestible acid detergent fiber, indigestible neutral detergent fiber and indigestible acid detergent lignin. By using chromic oxide it was possible to estimate dry matter apparent digestibility more precisely. All markers were robust regarding to variation of dry matter intake while only indigestible acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide were robust regarding to concentrate levels in the diet. Chromic oxide was not robust when animal body weight varied. In this experimental condition, indigestible acid detergent fiber is the most recommended marker to estimate dry matter apparent digestibility in ovine when the objective is to compare the results with the ones found in literature. On the other hand, chromic oxide is the most recommended marker when the objective is to compare treatments within the same experiment.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"480-481 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123431875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of genes in follicular cells of swines","authors":"C. L. Miranda-Furtado, Priscila Vendramini Silva, M. F. M. Guimarães, N. Serão, J. Guimarães, S. Guimarães","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500012","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of the present study was to identify for candidate genes related to ovulation in swines. To do so, it was investigated in ovarian follicular cells through quantitative real-time PCR the differential expression of the following genes: steroidogenic acute regulator (STAR), GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), progesterone receptor (P4R), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19). These genes encode hormone receptors (FSHR and P4R), hormone (PGF2α), steroidogenic proteins (STAR and CYP19) and transcription factor (GATA). Folicular cells were collected from sows with high and low number of piglets/litters during the follicular phase of the estrus cycle. There was difference in transcript abundance among low and high prolific sows for the STAR, GATA, PGF2α, P4R and CYP19 genes. For the FSHR gene, the fold change was not considered to be significantly different. Because in the present study only the transcript level of the above mentioned genes was analyzed, no inference can be made regarded to protein translation or activity. Therefore, gene sequence trials and other functional studies will be necessary to complement the present results, allowing a better understanding on biological complexity of these genes and their use as markers for prolificity in swines.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117264653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farelo de gérmen de milho desengordurado na dieta de poedeiras comerciais de 28 a 44 semanas de idade","authors":"Sandra Regina Brunelli, João Waine Pinheiro, Nilva Aparecida Nicolao Fonseca, Alexandre Oba, C. Silva","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500017","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of including defatted corn germ meal in diets for laying hens. It was assigned two hundred and forty laying hens to a randomized design, with six diets and five replicates of eight hens per diet. Experimental diets were formulated by inclusion of defatted corn germ meal at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30% level. The period experiment was carried out for four 28-day cycles and performance (feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion) and the egg quality (egg specific gravity, yolk color, yolk and albumen percentages, shell percentages, shell thickness and Haugh unity) were the evaluated parameters. Negative linear effect was observed for feed intake and yolk pigmentation by increasingly including defatted corn germ meal in diets for laying hens. Quadratic effect of defatted corn germ meal for feed conversion was also observed. No statistical differences were observed for any other parameters. Defatted corn germ meal can be included at 21.2% in laying hens diets.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131623939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para os escores visuais e suas associações com peso corporal em bovinos de corte","authors":"W. K. Filho, L. G. Albuquerque, S. Forni, Josineudson Augusto Ii de Vasconcelos Silva, M. Yokoo, M. M. Alencar","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500011","url":null,"abstract":"It was evaluated 27,523 and 21,746 records on traits of conformation, finishing precocity and musculature measured at weaning and a year after weaning, respectively, for the estimation of (co)variance components among these traits, and between them and body weights at the same ages. The data were analyzed by employing an animal model with direct and maternal genetic effect and permanent maternal environment effect. Restricted maximum likelihood was employed for the estimation of genetic parameters. The heritability estimates of visual scores at weaning were 0.13, 0.25, 0.23 for conformation, finishing precocity, and musculature respectively. The heritability estimates of visual scores one year after weaning were greater: 0.24, 0.32 and 0.27 for conformation, finishing precocity, and musculature, respectively. The genetic correlations estimates among scores at the same ages were: 0.67 and 0.75 between conformation and finishing precocity; 0.61 and 0.71 between conformation and musculature; 0.95 and 0.95 between finishing precocity and musculature, considering weaning and one year further, respectively. The genetic correlations estimated between weaning weight and conformation, finishing precocity, and musculature, were 0.97, 0.67 and 0.62, respectively. The estimates among conformation, finishing precocity, musculature at year after weaning and body weight were 0.83, 0.59, 0.58, respectively. The results indicated that the visual scores can be used as selection criteria. Body weight increases can be expected as a correlated response for selection of such traits.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suplementação com concentrado para novilhas de corte mantidas em pastagens cultivadas de estação fria","authors":"L. Pötter, M. G. Rocha, D. Roso, Vagner Guasso da Costa, Carine Lisete Glienke, A. Rosa","doi":"10.1590/S1516-35982010000500008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982010000500008","url":null,"abstract":"Com o objetivo de avaliar as relacoes nao-aparentes em estudos individuais foram analisadas em conjunto variaveis provenientes de nove experimentos realizados com diversos niveis e tipos de suplementos para novilhas de corte em pastagens cultivadas de estacao fria. Os dados foram estratificados em dois grupos: com e sem suplemento concentrado. A massa de forragem e a oferta de lâminas foliares, assim como a estrutura do dossel (altura e relacao folha:colmo), foram semelhantes entre os grupos com e sem suplementacao. As novilhas que receberam suplemento consumiram pasto com menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro e apresentaram maior ganho medio diario. A suplementacao aumentou em 33,3% o consumo total de materia seca. Para cada kg consumido de MS do concentrado, o consumo de MS do pasto reduziu 0,7 kg. A eficiencia de transformacao da forragem foi semelhante entre os grupos com ou sem suplementacao, com valor medio de 9,5 kg de MS da forragem/kg de peso corporal ganho. As novilhas que receberam suplemento ingeriram 6,4 kg de MS do suplemento a cada kg de ganho adicional. O uso de suplemento concentrado permitiu o aumento da taxa de lotacao e do ganho de peso por area. Novilhas sob suplementacao com concentrado apresentam maiores pesos corporais, maiores alturas de cernelha e maiores escores de condicao corporal no final do periodo de utilizacao da pastagem.","PeriodicalId":300681,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira De Zoologia","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124515779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}