J. Smart Cities Soc.最新文献

{"title":"Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic in governing smart cities","authors":"M. Bolívar","doi":"10.3233/scs-210118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210118","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced important challenges into public management models in all levels of public administrations, with special focus on the local government level due to both the impact of pandemics in the local space and the impact of public policies on the quality of life of the citizenry. The experience in facing this COVID-19 pandemic show the existence of conflicting interests not only regarding the inconsistency of the information disclosure, but also in the public policies taken to tackle the pandemic, which has produced ineffective measures against this epidemiological context. The emergence of new technologies has the potential to redesign more robust governance models using Open Government mechanisms to be more effective in the fight again health pandemic and disaster management, achieving more resilient cities. Putting the focus on this issue, this paper debates about the lessons learned from the management of the COVID-19 pandemic and raises some research questions to be solved by future research. Concretely, this paper advocates the need for the introduction of new aligned and collaborative governance models implementing emerging technologies embedded in Open Government projects as efficient mechanisms to achieve more collaborative and resilient smart cities.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122751627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smaller is smarter: A case for small to medium-sized smart cities","authors":"Sławomir Nowaczyk, A. Resmini, Vicky Long, Vaike Fors, M. Cooney, E. K. Duarte, Sarah Pink, E. Aksoy, A. Vinel, Mark Dougherty","doi":"10.3233/scs-210116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210116","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Cities have been around as a concept for quite some time. However, most examples of Smart Cities (SCs) originate from megacities (MCs), despite the fact that most people live in Small and Medium-sized Cities (SMCs). This paper addresses the contextual setting for smart cities from the perspective of such small and medium-sized cities. It starts with an overview of the current trends in the research and development of SCs, highlighting the current bias and the challenges it brings. We follow with a few concrete examples of projects which introduced some form of “smartness” in the small and medium cities context, explaining what influence said context had and what specific effects did it lead to. Building on those experiences, we summarise the current understanding of Smart Cities, with a focus on its multi-faceted (e.g., smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living) nature; we describe mainstream publications and highlight the bias towards large and very large cities (sometimes even subconscious); give examples of (often implicit) assumptions deriving from this bias; finally, we define the need of contextualising SCs also for small and medium-sized cities. The aim of this paper is to establish and strengthen the discourse on the need for SMCs perspective in Smart Cities literature. We hope to provide an initial formulation of the problem, mainly focusing on the unique needs and the specific requirements. We expect that the three example cases describing the effects of applying new solutions and studying SC on small and medium-sized cities, together with the lessons learnt from these experiences, will encourage more research to consider SMCs perspective. To this end, the current paper aims to justify the need for this under-studied perspective, as well as to propose interesting challenges faced by SMCs that can serve as initial directions of such research.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115709493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civic technology: A chutes and ladders analysis of transformative potential","authors":"P. James","doi":"10.3233/scs-210117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210117","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Cities research has made a significant turn towards a more citizen centered analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of ICT based technology. A key tension exists in the civic technology literature that sets the objective of government efficiency and effectiveness against a more inclusive and potentially transformative objective of citizen coproduction and direct participation in decision making. For the latter outcome to occur, technology must be understood as having the potential to be a non-neutral agent in the formation of a citizen centric imaginary. In this paper, the three major themes of civic technology- e-government, e-engagement, and e-democracy are presented as linearly related in successive stages. Yet, there is a significant risk of breaks in these stages, or even deviations. The discussion identifies the opportunities for transformation of the political system as we know it, and the junctures where the desire to maintain the status quo may eliminate these opportunities.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114757971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data governance in smart cities: Challenges and solution directions","authors":"Sunil Choenni, M. Bargh, Tony Busker, Niels Netten","doi":"10.3233/scs-210119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210119","url":null,"abstract":"Today, our environment and the objects therein are equipped with an increasing number of devices such as cameras, sensors, and actuators, which all together produce a huge amount of data. Furthermore, we observe that citizens generate data via social media applications running on their personal devices. Smart cities and societies are seeking for ways to exploit these vast amounts of data. In this paper, we argue that to take full advantage of these data, it is necessary to set up data governance properly, which includes defining, assigning, and allocating responsibilities. A proper setting up of data governance appears to be a challenging task since the data may be used irresponsibly, thoughtlessly and maliciously, resulting in many (un)wanted side effects such as violation of rules and regulations, human rights, ethical principles as well as privacy and security requirements. We elaborate on the key functionalities that should be included in the governance of a data ecosystem within smart cites, namely provisioning the required data quality and establishing trust, as well as a few organizational aspects that are necessary to support such a data governance. Realizing these data governance functionalities, among others, asks for making trade-offs among contending values. We provide a few solution directions for realizing these data governance functionalities and making trade-offs among them.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134095175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Smart Governance diffusion model for blockchain as an anti-corruption tool in Smart Cities","authors":"Claris Parenti, Negar Noori, M. Janssen","doi":"10.3233/scs-210122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210122","url":null,"abstract":"Government corruption in Latin America prevents the region’s sustainable development and constitutes a failure of current systems. Governments have started to leverage new technologies to increase transparency and promote integrity within their processes. Among these, blockchain technology has gained traction as a promising tool for Smart Governance due to its unique properties in terms of immutability, trust, coordination, security, and transparency. The use of blockchain within Smart City initiatives is complicated by a lack of diffusion models. This paper develops a diffusion model for blockchain technology after analyzing three case studies and conducting a survey of thirty blockchain start-up leads across Latin America. The final model, named Smart Governance BT diffusion model, conceptualizes the diffusion of blockchain as a gradual process including inputs, a dynamic throughput, and outputs. Relevant for academics and government representatives alike, the model aims at improving the conceptual understanding of technology diffusion in Smart Cities and highlights the potential of blockchain as a mitigator of vulnerabilities to corruption. As initial conditions matter for its successful adoption and diffusion, it is recommended for Latin American governments to (1) redesign and digitalize their processes and legislation, (2) conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis for specific use cases, and (3) reduce inefficiencies in areas with relatively medium to low levels of historical corruption in a first instance. The model can be tested and refined in future research and can be applied to any Smart City initiative requiring conceptualization.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126429882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of security and privacy risks in smart education environments","authors":"A. Kamenskih","doi":"10.3233/scs-210114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-210114","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary smart educational environment uses different information technologies like social networks, virtual laboratories, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, big data, and so on. Each of these technologies has its security and privacy threats profile, but their integration in one system can lead to completely new challenges. The article analyses the technological development of smart educational environments from the point of view of their security and privacy issues. Any technological or legislative security control could be broken as the result of one mistake caused by human factors. People with different levels of competence are interacting every day with each other in educational environments. The risks of personal data leaking or hacking of educational services should be minimized during this interaction. Therefore, not only the key technologies that form the architecture of the educational environment but also the main points of interaction between the users and the education environment should be taken into account in the analysis. The article provides a basic analysis of security and privacy risks for smart education environments. As the result, the analysis identifies key information security technologies development of which is necessary for the sustainable development of a smart educational environment as part of a smart city.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122627780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to the Inaugural Issue","authors":"J. Augusto","doi":"10.3233/scs-228000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-228000","url":null,"abstract":"This Inaugural Issue of the Journal of Smart Cities and Society (SCS) starts a publication journey in one of the most recent and exciting developments at the crossroads of the scientific and technological worlds. Here we open a forum for the discussion and progress of the concept of Smart Cities and of its impact in society at large. SCS will focus on the already existing and well-known concept of Smart Cities [1] which amalgamates smart infrastructures with human’s needs through services at a community level. Smart cities is an emerging concept which has been gaining momentum as the technology available becomes more sophisticated and provides continuous stimuli to solve some of the growing concerns due to demographical growth. There are already various “smart. . . ” areas of technology quite consolidated and making their way into business and society [see for example: [2,3]]. These smarter systems are supported by various areas in computer science, for example sensor networks and context-aware software, which facilitates delivering more specific services to humans in more specific daily life contexts and better aligned to their individual preferences. This has not been a sudden revolution, rather another stage in technological evolution. With areas such as artificial intelligence maturing and basic infrastructures such as high level connectivity always increasing efficiency. It seems quite a natural progression for society in general and for our technical communities as well, to move from the various current “smart . . . ” silos, such as smart homes, smart cars, smart transportation, smart food grow, smart health, to be interconnected through an overall area which focuses on the multiple combinations and on their cooperation to achieve benefits for society none of those single areas can achieve in isolation. Hence there are strong motivations for their emergence and consolidation and on the other hand given the combination and complexity of resources required is a topic which will require a long and patient discussion. Design, experimentation, community involvement, cultural adaptations into different parts of the planet, and much more will be required to create services which work effectively in the real world. Another interesting facet of this area is its essential multi-disciplinary nature. Technology acts in this area as a social bonding element as for each of the services which underpins, so many other groups of professionals are required in order to create meaningful services. It amalgamates a myriad of diverse areas such as computing, various branches of engineering, architecture, social sciences, environmental sciences, emergency services, city planners, and many more, ultimately citizens themselves as they know which services they need. Hence this area is a fascinating opportunity for society to grow in a more organic way with a more democratized and decentralized way of using progress for common good. This Inaugural Issue contains semi","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"566 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116248198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampling blockchain-enabled smart city applications among South Korea, the United States and China","authors":"Soomin Kim, Ailing Zhang, Ruizhi Liao, Wenjun Zheng, Zhixian Hu, Zhenglong Sun","doi":"10.3233/SCS-210120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SCS-210120","url":null,"abstract":". Blockchain technology is valuable due to the renowned characteristics, such as immutability, security, and trans-parency. Although blockchain’s effectiveness and efficiency are yet to be proven, its potential for resolving social issues is attracting the attention of public administrations, private entities, and individuals to adopt or develop this technology. In this paper, some of the most high-profile blockchain-enabled smart city applications in South Korea, the United States and China are sampled and reviewed. The goal is to explore blockchain-related regulations or legislation in each country, which is the underlying basis to allow the blockchain pilots to proceed. Then, each country’s key blockchain initiatives are explored using a top-down framework (i.e., central/federal government – provincial/state governments – city governments). Lastly, by summarizing those blockchain-based smart city projects, the challenges and observations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":299673,"journal":{"name":"J. Smart Cities Soc.","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129950965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}