The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies最新文献

{"title":"Civic Identity and Police Leisure in Birmingham during the Inter-War Years","authors":"S. Ewen","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Although social historians agree that work and leisure time had been separated by the inter-war years through the interlocking processes of industrialisation and urbanisation,2 there remained a strong bond between the two spheres in some specialised occupations. Miners, for example, developed strong communities reflected through the diffusion of sporting competitions and an enduring and integrated canteen culture.3 Fire-fighters, imbued by masculine trust through the heroic action of 'eating smoke' in a team environment, invariably socialized amongst themselves. Moreover, as the majority of professional fire-fighters worked the continuous duty system, they had limited scope for leaving the station grounds to pursue leisure activities.4 Similarly, police constables, through working in a close-knit community bound by the quasi-military ties of strict discipline, uniform and obedience, largely avoided recreational pursuits outside of the service. Rather, police employers (comprising senior officers and elected local authorities) pressured officers to mix together when off-duty to instil a sense of loyalty, honour and comradeship within the service. According to Haia Shpayer-Makov this helped create a 'multifaceted and vibrant' police subculture in the Metropolitan Police by 1910, created jointly by employers and employees. Police leisure was part of a broader strategy of building a homogeneous police community which extended into other areas of welfare, including housing, pay and pensions, holidays and education.5 Rooted in the process of greater central co-ordination of local policing during the First World War, the police was one such public service subj ected to increasing central regulation after 1918. With the vital role played by the police in protecting national sovereignty, it was deemed politically sensitive to disclose policy widely amongst municipalities, which inevitably led to greater vertical co-ordination between the Home Office and chief constables. 6 Moreover, following the failed police strike in 1918, the Home Secretary seized far-reaching powers to standardize force strengths, pay and conditions of service under the Police Act, 1919. The expansion of the annual police grant, from one-half of local expenditure on pay and uniforms to one-half the net cost of police administration, sweetened municipalities in preparation for the normalization of work practices, which naturally shifted the balance of financial power from the localities to central government. 7","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"30 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123586528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Working Population and Domestic Service in a Peripheral Spanish Town: A Coroña, 1900–1960","authors":"Jesús Mirás-Áraujo","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2005.1.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2005.1.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"A Corona is an interesting case study, firstly because compared to other medium-sized Spanish towns it had a stronger tertiary economic structure. Secondly, because it showed a high percentage of population working in domestic service, although the town did not exactly follow the pattern of Spanish cities. In 1900, A Corona was the 7th Spanish town according to the percentage of female population working in domestic service, while it occupied the 19th position within the Spanish urban hierarchy. It was only surpassed by San Sebastian which has persistently showed the highest percentage of domestic service during the whole period, by some other larger cities such as Bilbao or Madrid, which received an important female immigrant flow, and by small towns such as Guadalajara, Avila, Soria or Salamanca. What this reveals is that the presence of domestic service was unusually high for a town that was not able to attract roral immigration as compared to the biggest Spanish cities.","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on Faces From an American Dream, A Documentary Photographic Exhibition Concerning De-industrialisation in Late Twentieth Century America","authors":"Martin J. Desht","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2005.1.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2005.1.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989, I started photographing post-industrial cities and towns in Pennsylvania because by then its two major cities, Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, after massive layoffs and plant closings, were largely responsible for the coining of the word deindustrialization. Pittsburgh's Monongahela Valley was renowned for thirty miles of steel mills and Philadelphia was formerly cited as the \"workshop of the world,\" it being once the most industrialized city in North America. With its nineteenth century industries of textiles, lumber, leather, and coal hauled across the country on the famous Pennsylvania and Reading railroads, and its twentieth century heavy industries such as United States Steel, Bethlehem Steel, Portland Cement, Sun Shipbuilding and Mack Trucks, the state had become one of the most industrialized, unionized, and politically Democratic in America.","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126434730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of the Aesthetic: Cricket, Literature and Empire","authors":"A. Bateman","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"In his study, Maps of Englishness: Writing Identity in the Culture ofColonialisrn, Simon Gikandi suggests that cricket exemplifies the ambivalences and contradictions of colonialist culture. Cricket 'was considered, in both Victorian England and its colonies, to be the perfect expression of the values of bourgeois civility, Anglo-Saxon ethics, and public school morality', Gikandi writes, and because it was so closely linked to ideas of Englishness and nationhood, ' ... nationalists in India and the Caribbean were to posit their entry into the field of cricket as the mark of both their mastery of the culture of Englishness and their transcendence of its exclusive politics.' 1 Gikandi also notes that cricket in colonies such as India and the British West Indies worked itself out of such colonial ambivalences by radically reinventing the sport's terms of play and thus providing the colonial centre with a model of how to aesthetically reinvigorate one of its most important cultural forms.2","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122354101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a National League: The Football League and the North of England, 1888–1939","authors":"Matthew J. Taylor","doi":"10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/jrl.2005.1.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Football in England has not always been a national game in the sense of an allinclusive competitive structure incorporating every part of the country. The story of the sport's journey from codification and bureaucratisation in the public schools of the south to commercial and professional penetration in the north, and then back again, is much too familiar to repeat here.l That professional football was essentially a northern creation is without dispute but historians are less sure about how long it remained the preserve of a particular part of the country: when exactly did the' sport of the north', in its professional guise at least, become the national game?2 Certainly by the mid-1920s England's two principal cup and league competitions were unequivocally national in scope, even ifregionalism still remained vital to the administration of the sport. Above all else, it was the development of the Football League which was the key to the nationalisation of the association game. Founded in 1888 by twelve of the leading professional clubs in the north-west and the Midlands as a means of ensuring regular competitive fixtures, the League was initially a rather unorganised and marginal body. By the Second World War, however, it controlled the largest sporting competition in the world and was possibly more powerful even than the game's governing body.","PeriodicalId":299529,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Regional and Local Studies","volume":"89 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133846818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}