{"title":"3D augmented reality with integral imaging display","authors":"Xin Shen, H. Hua, B. Javidi","doi":"10.1117/12.2222068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222068","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging display for augmented reality is presented. By implementing the pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion method, elemental image arrays with different capturing parameters can be transferred into the identical format for 3D display. With the proposed merging algorithm, a new set of elemental images for augmented reality display is generated. The newly generated elemental images contain both the virtual objects and real world scene with desired depth information and transparency parameters. The experimental results indicate the feasibility of the proposed 3D augmented reality with integral imaging.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126385126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Pai Huang, Po-Yuan Hsieh, Amir Hassanfiroozi, C. Chu, Y. Hsuan, M. Martinez, B. Javidi
{"title":"Liquid crystal lens array for 3D microscopy and endoscope application","authors":"Yi-Pai Huang, Po-Yuan Hsieh, Amir Hassanfiroozi, C. Chu, Y. Hsuan, M. Martinez, B. Javidi","doi":"10.1117/12.2229452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229452","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate two liquid crystal (LC) lens array devices for 3D microscope and 3D endoscope applications respectively. Compared with the previous 3D biomedical system, the proposed LC lens arrays are not only switchable between 2D and 3D modes, but also are able to adjust focus in both modes. The multi-function liquid crystal lens (MFLC-lens) array with dual layer electrode has diameter 1.42 mm, which is much smaller than the conventional 3D endoscope with double fixed lenses. The hexagonal liquid crystal micro-lens array (HLC-MLA) instead of fixed micro-lens array in 3D light field microscope can extend the effective depth of field from 60 um to 780 um. To achieve the LC lens arrays, a high-resistance layer needs to be coated on the electrodes to generate an ideal gradient electric-field distribution, which can induce a lens-like form of LC molecules. The parameters and characteristics of high-resistance layer are investigated and discussed with an aim to optimize the performance of liquid crystal lens arrays.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132753403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wakunami, R. Oi, T. Senoh, H. Sasaki, Y. Ichihashi, K. Yamamoto
{"title":"Wavefront printing technique with overlapping approach toward high definition holographic image reconstruction","authors":"K. Wakunami, R. Oi, T. Senoh, H. Sasaki, Y. Ichihashi, K. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1117/12.2229517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229517","url":null,"abstract":"A hologram recording technique, generally called as “wavefront printer”, has been proposed by several research groups for static three-dimensional (3D) image printing. Because the pixel number of current spatial light modulators (SLMs) is not enough to reconstruct the entire wavefront in recording process, typically, hologram data is divided into a set of subhologram data and each wavefront is recorded sequentially as a small sub-hologram cell in tiling manner by using X-Y motorized stage. However since previous works of wavefront printer do not optimize the cell size, the reconstructed images were degraded by obtrusive split line due to visible cell size caused by too large cell size for human eyesight, or by diffraction effect due to discontinuity of phase distribution caused by too small cell size. In this paper, we introduce overlapping recording approach of sub-holograms to achieve both conditions: enough smallness of apparent cell size to make cells invisible and enough largeness of recording cell size to suppress diffraction effect by keeping the phase continuity of reconstructed wavefront. By considering observing condition and optimization of the amount of overlapping and cell size, in the experiment, the proposed approach showed higher quality 3D image reconstruction while the conventional approach suffered visible split lines and cells.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134024175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of object shape and laser beam shape on lidar system resolution","authors":"Hongchang Cheng, Jingyi Wang, J. Ke","doi":"10.1117/12.2225197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225197","url":null,"abstract":"In a LIDAR system, a pulsed laser beam is propagated to a scene, and then reflected back by objects. Ideally if the beam diameter and the pulse width are close to zero, then the reflected beam in time domain is similar to a delta function, which can accurately locate an object's position. However, in a practical system, the beam has finite size. Therefore, even if the pulse width is small, an object shape will make the reflected beam stretched along the time axis, then affect system resolution. In this paper, we assume the beam with Gaussian shape. The beam can be formulated as a delta function convolved with a shape function, such as a rectangular function, in time domain. Then the reflected beam can be defined as a system response function convolved with the shape function. We use symmetric objects to analyze the reflected beam. Corn, sphere, and cylinder objects are used to find a LIDAR system's response function. The case for large beam size is discussed. We assume the beam shape is similar to a plane wave. With this assumption, we get the simplified LIDAR system response functions for the three kinds of objects. Then we use tiny spheres to emulate an arbitrary object, and study its effect to the returned beam.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130552571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integral imaging acquisition and processing for visualization of photon counting images in the mid-wave infrared range","authors":"P. Latorre-Carmona, F. Pla, B. Javidi","doi":"10.1117/12.2225872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225872","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an overview of our previously published work on the application of the maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction method to integral images acquired with a mid-wave infrared detector on two different types of scenes: one of them consisting of a road, a group of trees and a vehicle just behind one of the trees (being the car at a distance of more than 200m from the camera), and another one consisting of a view of the Wright Air Force Base airfield, with several hangars and different other types of installations (including warehouses) at distances ranging from 600m to more than 2km. Dark current noise is considered taking into account the particular features this type of sensors have. Results show that this methodology allows to improve visualization in the photon counting domain.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"9867 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130727207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"iGRaND: an invariant frame for RGBD sensor feature detection and descriptor extraction with applications","authors":"A. Willis, K. Brink","doi":"10.1117/12.2225540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225540","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a new 3D RGBD image feature, referred to as iGRaND, for use in real-time systems that use these sensors for tracking, motion capture, or robotic vision applications. iGRaND features use a novel local reference frame derived from the image gradient and depth normal (hence iGRaND) that is invariant to scale and viewpoint for Lambertian surfaces. Using this reference frame, Euclidean invariant feature components are computed at keypoints which fuse local geometric shape information with surface appearance information. The performance of the feature for real-time odometry is analyzed and its computational complexity and accuracy is compared with leading alternative 3D features.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133103138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stereoscopic depth of field: why we can easily perceive and distinguish the depth of neighboring objects under binocular condition than monocular","authors":"Kwang-Hoon Lee, M. Park","doi":"10.1117/12.2229509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229509","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a high efficient and practical disparity estimation using hierarchical bilateral filtering for realtime view synthesis. The proposed method is based on hierarchical stereo matching with hardware-efficient bilateral filtering. Hardware-efficient bilateral filtering is different from the exact bilateral filter. The purpose of the method is to design an edge-preserving filter that can be efficiently parallelized on hardware. The proposed hierarchical bilateral filtering based disparity estimation is essentially a coarse-to-fine use of stereo matching with bilateral filtering. It works as follows: firstly, the hierarchical image pyramid are constructed; the multi-scale algorithm then starts by applying a local stereo matching to the downsampled images at the coarsest level of the hierarchy. After the local stereo matching, the estimated disparity map is refined with the bilateral filtering. And then the refined disparity map will be adaptively upsampled to the next finer level. The upsampled disparity map used as a prior of the corresponding local stereo matching at the next level, and filtered and so on. The method we propose is essentially a combination of hierarchical stereo matching and hardware-efficient bilateral filtering. As a result, visual comparison using real-world stereoscopic video clips shows that the method gives better results than one of state-of-art methods in terms of robustness and computation time.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133414826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An exact and efficient 3D reconstruction method from captured light-fields using the fractional Fourier transform","authors":"Ziv Mhabary, O. Levi, E. Small, A. Stern","doi":"10.1117/12.2228986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228986","url":null,"abstract":"Recently we have introduced a new method for refocusing images from captured light fields. The method is based on the fractional Fourier transform and allows refocusing a stack of images with a single step. The new techniques is computational efficient and more exact than alternative ones as it doesn't need any interpolations. Here we overview the method present a comparison of our technique to other refocusing techniques.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time geometric scene estimation for RGBD images using a 3D box shape grammar","authors":"A. Willis, K. Brink","doi":"10.1117/12.2225545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225545","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a novel real-time algorithm for the purpose of extracting box-like structures from RGBD image data. In contrast to conventional approaches, the proposed algorithm includes two novel attributes: (1) it divides the geometric estimation procedure into subroutines having atomic incremental computational costs, and (2) it uses a generative “Block World” perceptual model that infers both concave and convex box elements from detection of primitive box substructures. The end result is an efficient geometry processing engine suitable for use in real-time embedded systems such as those on an UAVs where it is intended to be an integral component for robotic navigation and mapping applications.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122062763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local frequency estimation from intensity gradients in spatial carrier fringe pattern analysis","authors":"Ruihua Zhang, Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1117/12.2224758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224758","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial carrier fringe pattern analysis is an effective tool in optical measurement, e.g. in interferometry and fringe projection technique. With it, the very large phase deformations in a spatial carrier fringe pattern may increases the bandwidth of fringe component thus leading to difficulties in retrieving its phase map. In order to overcome this problem, many local-adaptive methods have been developed for processing the spatial carrier fringe pattern with large phase variations, and in fact, the local spatial frequency estimation is central to these methods. This paper introduces a simple algorithm for estimating the local frequencies of a fringe pattern with spatial carrier. First, the intensity gradients of the fringe pattern are calculated, and then the standard deviations (SDs) of the intensity gradients at each pixel are estimated from its neighborhood. Finally the local frequencies are estimated from the SDs just calculated simply using an arccosine function. This algorithm is potential in developing effective techniques for retrieving phases from a spatial carrier fringe pattern with large phase variations. For example, we can recover the phase map by directly integrating the local frequencies or by use of an adaptive spatial carrier phase shifting algorithm (SCPS) with the local frequencies being the local phase shifts. It can also be used in Fourier transform method for exactly determining the carrier frequencies, or for extrapolating aperture in order to reduce the boundary effect. Combined with time-frequency techniques such as windowed Fourier transform and wavelet transform methods, it is helpful for alleviating the computational burdens.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}