Ichthyology and Herpetology最新文献

{"title":"Regulation of Exposure to Ultraviolet Light in Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in Relation to Temperature and Scalation Phenotype","authors":"Nicholas B Sakich, G. Tattersall","doi":"10.1643/h2020134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/h2020134","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has both physiological benefits as well as costs. Many lepidosaur reptiles can behaviorally self-regulate their exposure to UV light in order to take advantage of the benefits of UV light while minimizing the costs. Furthermore, lepidosaur scales have been conceptualized by some as a barrier to the penetration of UV light. Here we examine regulation of self-exposure to UV light in three different phenotypes of Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps): wild type, animals exhibiting scales of reduced prominence (‘Leatherback’), and scaleless animals (‘Silkback’). Silkbacks on average chose to expose themselves to lower levels of UV light irradiation than Leatherbacks or wild types did. Bearded Dragons of all scalation phenotypes on average received higher UV irradiation when they were in the cold section of a UV gradient apparatus compared to when they were in the hot section of the apparatus. This either demonstrates that Bearded Dragons under higher UV irradiances choose cooler temperatures or demonstrates that Bearded Dragons at cooler temperatures choose higher UV irradiances. The relationship between chosen temperature and chosen UV light irradiance was not affected by scalation phenotype. This study highlights external influences on the mechanism that regulates UV self-exposure behavior in lepidosaur reptiles.","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45769855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-Free Staining Procedure to Demonstrate Nerves in Whole Vertebrate Specimens with the Differentiation of Bone and Cartilage","authors":"A. L. H. Esguícero, F. A. Bockmann","doi":"10.1643/b2020138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/b2020138","url":null,"abstract":"The value of clearing and staining whole organisms to study vertebrate anatomy is unquestionable. These methods have been developed for over a century leading to protocols to prepare triple-stained specimens to differentiate between bones, cartilage, and nerves. Despite their potential to advance the field of comparative anatomy, nerve-staining methods have been used by a small number of vertebrate systematists in part because of the inconsistently successful preparations. Here, we report on several modifications to the current Sudan black B protocols and propose a new acid-free protocol to differentiate among bone, cartilage, and nerves in whole small vertebrates. This method may also be used to stain solely bone and cartilage by eliminating the nerve-staining steps. The technique herein described is successful for preparing juveniles and adults (including miniatures).","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Species of Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota: Sphaerodactylidae) from the Northwest Limestone Region of Puerto Rico","authors":"Alondra Diaz-Lameiro, C. Villamil, T. Gamble, Brendan J. Pinto, Alexandra Herrera-Martínez, Richard S. Thomas, Justin M. Bernstein, James E. Titus-McQuillan, Stuart V. Nielsen, Eliacim Agosto-Torres, A. Puente-Rolón, Fernando J. Bird-Picó, Taras K. Oleksyk, J. Martínez-Cruzado, J. D. Daza","doi":"10.1643/h2020123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/h2020123","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in both morphological and molecular techniques have uncovered many lineages across the tree of life, and Neotropical vertebrates are no exception. Sphaerodactylus geckos (Sphaerodactylidae) are abundant and important components of the Neotropical herpetofauna, but few studies have thoroughly investigated them using a combination of morphology and modern molecular genetic methods. Here, we combine morphological and genetic data to describe a new species of Sphaerodactylus from the northwestern karst region of Puerto Rico. The new species is compared to other closely related and sympatric species of Sphaerodactylus. Morphological analysis shows that the combination of small body size (median SVL = 21.5 mm), lepidosis, skull morphology, and coloration of the head differentiates the new species from its closest relatives, including the related species, Sphaerodactylus klauberi. Comparing sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene showed a genetic distance between S. klauberi and the new species of 5.1–5.6%, which is similar to genetic distances among other recognized gecko species. This is the first new species of Sphaerodactylus to be described from Puerto Rico in nearly a century, highlighting the continued need to evaluate and chronicle biological diversity even in well-studied regions. Las filogenias moleculares han elucidado múltiples linajes en el árbol de la vida, incluyendo varios vertebrados neotropicales. Las salamanquitas del género Sphaerodactylus (Sphaerodactylidae) son abundantes y forman una parte importante de la herpetofauna neotropical. Este género ha sido investigado recientemente utilizando métodos moleculares modernos. En este artículo se describe una nueva especie del género Sphaerodactylus, procedente de la región kárstica del noroeste de Puerto Rico. Los individuos de la nueva especie fueron comparados con especies afines y simpátricas. El análisis morfológico muestra que la combinación entre el tamaño corporal, escamación, morfología del cráneo y coloración cefálica, distinguen a la especie nueva de otras especies cercanas filogenéticamente, incluyendo su especie hermana Sphaerodactylus klauberi. Al comparar secuencias del gen mitocondrial 16S rRNA se observó una distancia genética de 5.1–5.6% entre la especie nueva y S. klauberi, dicha distancia es similar a la que existe entre otras especies descritas de salamaquitas. Ha pasado casi un siglo desde que la última especie de Sphaerodactylus de Puerto Rico fue descrita, ésto resalta la necesidad de seguir evaluando y catalogando la biodiversidad, inclusive en áreas que han sido investigadas a profundidad.","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Female-Centered Evaluation of Growth, Survival, Reproduction, and Demography in the Salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus","authors":"R. Bruce","doi":"10.1643/h2021127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/h2021127","url":null,"abstract":"In the present report, I evaluate life history and demography for two populations of the Black-bellied Salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus, in the Cowee and Nantahala Mountains, North Carolina, using published data on growth of females, fecundity, and larval growth and development to generate life tables and metabolic life histories for each population. I assumed that females in these populations reproduce biennially, beginning at ages 7–8 years and 8–10 years in Cowee and Nantahala populations, respectively. In deriving life tables, I posited stationary populations wherein net reproductive rate (R0) equaled 1.0 and population growth rate (r) equaled 0. Fecundity (mx column of the life table) was based on counts of ovarian follicles in gravid females. Survival values (lx column of the life table) were generated by an iterative process that yielded a value of R0 = 1.0. I projected the life spans in each population to 25 years. The demographic models developed by the procedure allowed comparison with those reported earlier for D. monticola and D. ocoee. Age at first reproduction and generation time are key contributors to variation in body size and life history in Desmognathus.","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42457523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybridization between the Woodland Salamanders Plethodon cinereus and P. electromorphus Is Not Widespread","authors":"Shawn R. Kuchta, M. Hantak, Brian P. Waldron, Cari-Ann M. Hickerson, Richard M. Lehtinen, C. D. Anthony","doi":"10.1643/h2021081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/h2021081","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study reported widespread hybridization between the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and the Northern Ravine Salamander (P. electromorphus) in northern Ohio. In this study, DNA sequence data were obtained from three nuclear loci and 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from the sequences. They found that 48 out of 90 individuals from 13 populations were hybrids, and in some localities every individual possessed an admixed genotype. As these results contradict our observations, and because levels of hybridization impact our interpretation of past and ongoing studies, we revisited the data. First we reanalyzed the original SNPs using STRUCTURE, then we repeated the analysis using haplotypes instead of SNPs. We found that K = 2 was best supported by both analyses, and they agree in recovering lower levels of hybridization than originally reported. For example, five populations in the original study identified as highly admixed or composed entirely of admixed genotypes we found to be pure P. cinereus or to lack evidence of extensive admixture. Similar results were obtained using NEWHYBRIDS and analyses based on gene trees. We conclude that while hybridization between P. cinereus and P. electromorphus occurs, it is much more restricted than originally reported.","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43097887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Trika Gerard","authors":"","doi":"10.1643/t2022047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/t2022047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David B. Wake (1936–2021)","authors":"E. Jockusch","doi":"10.1643/t2021130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/t2021130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EDITORIAL NOTES AND NEWS","authors":"","doi":"10.1643/t2022048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/t2022048","url":null,"abstract":"N OTE on ‘‘Review and Synthesis of Estimated Vital Rates for Terrestrial Salamanders in the Family Plethodontidae’’ by Jillian S. Howard and John C. Maerz, published in Ichthyology & Herpetology 109(4), pages 929–939 (DOI: 10.1643/h2020079). Dr. Richard Bruce brought to our attention that we incorrectly calculated survival rates from the instantaneous mortality rates reported in Table 3 in Bruce (2013: 266) as though those mortality rates were finite. Consequently, we generated values of 0.215 for Desmognathus aeneus and 0.276 for D. wrighti (as single rates for all life stages), while the correct rates are 0.460 for D. aeneus and 0.480 for D. wrighti. These values were reproduced in both Table 1 (Howard and Maerz, 2021: 931) and in the supplementary table available online. In Table 1, the value for D. wrighti was averaged with survival estimates from other sources yielding values of 0.593, 0.593, 0.593, 0.233, 0.593, and 0.252 for age 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5þ survival, respectively, and these, in the same order, should have been 0.695, 0.695, 0.695, 0.335, 0.695, and 0.360. We used average agespecific survival rates across all species (as shown in Table 1) in the base version of the matrix model, which were given as 0.504, 0.472, 0.535, 0.575, 0.623, and 0.629 for age 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5þ survival, respectively, but should have been 0.543, 0.507, 0.570, 0.604, 0.652, and 0.659. The largest difference between the values originally listed and the corrected values is 0.039. Because we used the mean values in Table 1 only as a starting point for the matrix models, and then varied those values widely as part of the sensitivity analysis, a change in starting values of up to 0.039 is relatively inconsequential, and does not result in a change to our conclusions. The survival estimates from Bruce (2013) were not included in the regression analyses examining potential relationships between survival and study duration, snout–vent length at maturity, or age at maturity (Figure 2, page 932), and so the interpretations of those relationships remain unchanged. However, Figure 3 (page 934) contains nine isocline plots showing the stable population curves under various matrix model scenarios, with estimates from the literature plotted as points, and in these plots, the incorrect survival estimates attributed to Bruce (2013; 0.215 and 0.276) are shown as the two lowest values for Desmognathus. Plotting the correct values (0.460 and 0.480) removes what are arguably two of the most extreme outliers, but the correct values still fall well to the left of the stable population curves, thereby leaving the overall interpretation, that most survival estimates in the literature are lower than what would likely support a stable population, unchanged. Finally, in the discussion section (page 935), we cited Bruce (2013) as the source of two of the lowest estimates for any genus examined, when in fact, the true values from that publication are closer to the midrange of reporte","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46199072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Beck Wehrle","authors":"","doi":"10.1643/t2022046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/t2022046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayard Holmes Brattstrom","authors":"Marina M. Gerson","doi":"10.1643/t2021138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/t2021138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29892,"journal":{"name":"Ichthyology and Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44603844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}