{"title":"Participation, Competition, and the Quality of Democracy in Greece","authors":"C. Danopoulos","doi":"10.1215/10474552-4164270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-4164270","url":null,"abstract":"This essay assesses participation and competition in the quality of democracy in Greece. Theoretically, the quality of democracy is assessed in three interrelated dimensions: procedure, result, and content. Procedure encompasses the character and working of the environment in which governance takes place, and it is assessed through the rule of law, accountability, and participation and competition. Result refers to the overall quality of government performance and citizen satisfaction. Content involves the quality of the substance of governance. Using diverse indices and quantitative data, the essay assesses the participation and competition dimensions of the quality of democracy in post-1974 Greece. It concludes that the country’s quality of democracy is fair but in need of improvement.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122031702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EU Energy Security and Turkey’s Contribution to the Southern Energy Corridor","authors":"George Koukoudakis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-4164292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-4164292","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union should consider Turkey a core actor for implementing the Southern Energy Corridor that will serve Europe’s main energy security strategy: diversification of routes and suppliers of energy. At the same time, the EU should pay attention not only to Ankara’s sensitive bilateral relations with the countries along the corridor but also with others that can influence the operation of this corridor, mainly Russia. The quality of relations among Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Russia, and the EU should be considered of fundamental importance for the implementation of such a project. An analysis of these relations sheds light on policymakers’ options.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Syrian Kurds and the Democratic Union Party: The Outsider in the Syrian War","authors":"Spyridon Plakoudas","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882819","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:By June 2016, the Kurds of Syria (just 12 percent of the country's total population) controlled almost all of the 822-kilometer Turkish-Syrian border and advanced against Manbij and Raqqa — the Islamic State's resupply center and capital, respectively. How did the Syrian Kurds grow from pariahs to kingmakers in northern Syria? This essay surveys the strategy of the Democratic Union Party (PYD), the most powerful organization among the Syrian Kurds, from 2011 until the first half of 2016, and shows how the PYD's realpolitik secured the party's survival and, eventually, success in the midst of a vicious sectarian civil war.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131448880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyprus's Natural Gas Strategy: Geopolitical and Economic Preconditions","authors":"Theodoros S Tsakiris","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882786","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Optimism arose about the discovery of Cypriot and Israeli gas reserves and how they might help resolve the Cyprus question, but the prospective monetization of these reserves has not modified Turkish or Turkish-Cypriot behavior vis-à-vis the Republic of Cyprus, despite Greek-Cypriot hopes. The gas discoveries were not the principal motivation behind the Greek and Greek-Cypriot attempts to establish a trilateral framework of structured cooperation with Israel and Egypt. The export of Cypriot gas to Egyptian liquefied natural gas facilities, however, is the only realistic option available to Nicosia that could also have a positive geopolitical impact on the trilateral framework and help reduce European Union gas dependence on Russia, although the reduction would be quite limited in the short to medium term. The revenues from the monetization of Cypriot gas reserves may be significant for the Cypriot economy, amounting to approximately 2 percent of its gross domestic product, but these direct benefits will materialize gradually over a period of fifteen years and will not be available in time to influence the ongoing talks for the resolution of the Cyprus question.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Holocaust in the Crimea and the North Caucasus by Kiril Feferman (review)","authors":"P. Sattler","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882852","url":null,"abstract":"ment experience, and he was not a dominant leader. Instead he relied on consensus. He was the weakest of the postjunta prime ministers, and his government was rocked by scandals and allegations. His governance style became his own undoing, reflecting his management inexperience and his deference to his senior ministers. The neglect of the cabinet system undermined his control of government policy The authors’ analysis raises the question why critical moments did not become junctures of lasting change. All five prime ministers had opportunities for change, but despite partial reform, there has been no lasting change in the administration of the core executive. The government remained segmented, unable to exercise control and coordination. The absence of real and enduring change is a manifestation of the robustness of the strategic and cultural traditions described in the introductory chapter of the book. I agree with the authors that this book is “the most extensive academic investigation in the inner workings of the Greek government.” It is a timely contribution to the literature on Greece, a book that ought to be read carefully by those in a position of authority and responsibility to implement the reforms agreed to with the troika. Otherwise, there will be no light at the end of the tunnel for Greece.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128039051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muslim Responses to the Crusades: A Brief Survey of Selected Literature","authors":"Muhammad Yaseen Gada","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is a wealth of literature on the Western perspective of the Crusades. The subject has crossed academic disciplines because of the availability of the literature in the modern world. That does not necessarily mean that what has been said about the Crusades is completely correct. Moreover, little attention is given to the side against which the Crusades were launched in the Middle Ages, and not much has been written on the Muslim responses to the Crusades. The recent past, however, has produced some interesting research on the medieval Muslim perspective and understanding of the Crusades and Crusaders, as seen and recorded by the Muslim scholars of that period. This essay explores and surveys the existing literature on the Muslim responses to the Crusades.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prime Ministers in Greece: The Paradox of Power by Kevin Featherstone and Dimitris Papadimitriou (review)","authors":"Van Coufoudakis","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882841","url":null,"abstract":"Readers interested in modern Greece are familiar with the work of Kevin Featherstone, E. Venizelos Professor of Contemporary Greek Studies at the London School of Economics’ European Institute, and Dimitris Papadimitriou, professor of politics at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom. Their latest book, Prime Ministers in Greece: The Paradox of Power, is a timely analysis of the problems and challenges that confronted Greek prime ministers of the metapolitefsi (post-Junta Greece) as they attempted to establish operational control and coordination of government machinery to achieve their policy objectives. The volume centers on the five prime ministers who served between 1974 and 2009, before the onset of the financial crisis and the super vision and management of Greek public policy and finance by the socalled troika: the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, and the European Central Bank. Chapters 2 through 7 are case studies involving the premierships of Constantinos Karamanlis (1974 – 80), Andreas Papandreou (1981 – 89, 1993 – 96), Constantinos Mitsotakis (1990 – 93), Costas Simitis (1996 – 2004), and Costas Karamanlis (2004 – 9). Chapters 1 and 2 provide the book’s theoretical framework, while chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to conclusions, international comparisons, and implications for reform. This book was of special interest to me, having served during part of Andonis Samaras’s prime ministership as president of an independent Greek government agency from August 2012 until October 2014. It confirmed my experiences in the very sensitive and troubled field of higher education and the labyrinth of Greek bureaucracy. The volume is a primer on the pathology of Greek public administration, focusing on operations at the top of the government. A similar study of the pathology of Greek bureaucracy, of the","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"34 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134345704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hama's Ominous Shadow and the Stalled Jihadist War in Syria","authors":"Anthony N Celso","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882808","url":null,"abstract":"Little has been written about the Syrian Civil War and its relationship to the 1980s revolutionary period. This essay examines this historical connection and emphasizes the unique features that drive the current rebellion. The essay has five sections. First, it lays out the historical roots of the current confessional-political conflict. Second, it provides an overview of the Muslim Brotherhood–led 1979 – 82 rebellion and its defeat in Hama. Third, it discusses the role that the Muslim Brotherhood revolt plays in the current conflict. Fourth, it analyzes jihadist infighting that has weakened the insurgency. Finally, it assesses the role that Russian, Iranian, and Hezbollah intervention has had in bolstering the regime of Bashar al-Assad. Syria's jihadist revolt has limited but important parallels to the failed 1982 Muslim Brotherhood insurrection. Even with the regime's conquest of Aleppo, the Islamist defeat in today's war is far from certain, although the current jihadist insurgency has stalled.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130901355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Stabilization and Development Dilemma: The United States, Transatlantic Relations, and Southern Europe in the 1960s","authors":"Sotiris Rizas","doi":"10.1215/10474552-3882775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-3882775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the 1960s Italy and Greece were undergoing rapid economic and social changes that were significant in both their economic and political ramifications. US policy was able to influence the course of events either bilaterally or multilaterally in the context of the Bretton Woods nexus of institutions and procedures. The central argument of this essay is that Washington's policy was formulated under various contradictory considerations. Cardinal among them was the necessity of preserving the basic requirements of the Bretton Woods regime. The stability of currency parities, particularly the safeguarding of the preeminent position of the dollar as an international reserve currency and its credibility against gold, dictated the continuation of orthodox monetary and fiscal policies. Political stability in Italy and Greece as a prop against political radicalization was a strategic consideration that militated against a strict application of a deflationary policy. The development of transatlantic relations with Charles de Gaulle's France posed a problem from an Allied perspective and was a factor that also militated against the strict application of a policy of monetary stability.","PeriodicalId":298924,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}