Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Spacing and Nutrient Sources for Enhanced Yield and Quality of Summer Onion (Allium cepa L.)","authors":"Farjana Akther, Md. Nazrul Islam, T. Mostarin, Md. Hassanur Rahman","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i3329","url":null,"abstract":"Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a crucial crop in Bangladesh, but current winter-only cultivation fails to meet national demand. This study aims to optimize summer onion production through proper plant spacing and nutrient management. The field experiment was conducted during the period from March to June 2016 in the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka to find out the effect of spacing and nutrient sources on yield of summer onion. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: Three levels of spacing. Viz., S1: 10 cm x 15 cm, S2: 15 cm x 15 cm, and S3: 20 cm x 15 cm. Factor B: Four levels of nutrient sources. viz., F0: (control); F1: Vermicompost (7 t/ha); F2: Mustard oil cake (6 t/ha) and F3: Inorganic fertilizer (N-110 + P-50 + K-125 Kg/ha). There were 12 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicated that 15x15 cm spacing significantly enhanced plant height, bulb diameter, and yield, achieving 22.03 t/ha. Vermicompost (7 t/ha) yielded the highest plant height, bulb size, and overall yield (20.61 t/ha). Combined treatment of 15x15 cm spacing with vermicompost resulted in the highest yield (24.06 t/ha). These findings suggest that optimized spacing and organic nutrient application can significantly improve summer onion production, potentially reducing dependency on imports and enhancing food security in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"75 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cattle Urine and Humic Acid on Growth of Nutmeg Grafts","authors":"P. Debaje, M. Gawankar, H.P. Nike, P. C. Haldavanakar, R. G. Khandakar, P. Haldankar","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2310","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at AICRP Oil Palm, College of Horticulture, Mulde, Sindhudurg under Dr. B. S. K. K. V. Dapoli, during the year 2020-2023 to assess the Effect of Cattle urine and humic acid spray sprays on growth of nutmeg grafts. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three  replications with eight different treatments of foliar application, cattle urine spray at (15% ,25%), and Humic acid spray at (0.4) and drenching, cattle urine drench at (15%, 25%), Humic acid drench at (0.2, 0.6), and Control (No spray), are applied on nutmeg grafts after 45 days of grafting up to 135 days and different growth parameter observation were recorded up to highest survival and saleable percentages. The best results was obtained from treatment T-7 (0.4% Humic acid spray) record significantly highest survival (95%), saleable percent (97.67%) along with highest height (15.85cm), girth (24.21mm), number of leaves (24.21), leaf length (15.85cm), leaf area (44.35cm2) and tap root in T-7  length (20.60cm).The highest cost benefit ratio were recorded significantly highest in T-7 hence for the excellent growth of nutmeg grafts in Konkan region  of Maharashtra  0.4% humic acid spray is recommended.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Varieties to Wood Ash and NPK Fertilizer on Flowering, Cherelle Wilt and Pod Yield","authors":"F. Babadele, Ogunleye Oyinkansola","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i2309","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate NPK fertilizer and wood-ash application on flowering, cherelle performance and pod yield of cacao (Theobobroma cacao L). Treatments includes NPK 15.15.15; NPK + wood-ash; sole wood-ash and control with five cacao varieties (TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4, and TC6) in a 4x5 factorial experiment with three replications. Data were measured on flowering, cherelle formation, and pod development. From the results, flowering, cherelle formation and pod development were significantly enhanced by application of NPK, sole wood-ash and their combinations over control plots. Application of wood-ash alone significantly enhanced flowering, cherelle formation and pod development in both seasons over other fertilizer treatments. However, cherelle wilt under sole application of wood-ash was significantly higher compared to sole NPK and NPK + wood-ash combinations.  Interaction effects of fertilizer and cacao varieties had significant positive effects on flower development and reduced cherelle wilt in both light and main crop seasons. Interactions of wood-ash and cacao varieties were found to significantly enhanced cherelle formation and pod development. The study concludes that NPK, NPK + wood-ash and sole wood-ash treatments significantly enhanced flowering, cherelle formation and pod development in cacao over the control. Also, cherelle with rate drop significantly with integration of NPK+wood-ash","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"7 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Morphological Diversity and Vegetative Growth Parameters of Fifteen Betel Vine Varieties Cultivated Along the Odisha Coast","authors":"Sunil Kumar Gochhi, Surjendu Kumar Dey","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1305","url":null,"abstract":"Betel vine (Piper betle) is a tropical evergreen plant renowned for its cultural and medicinal significance. With origins in Southeast Asia, its heart-shaped leaves, vibrant colors and aromatic properties contribute to its widespread cultivation. The study investigates the morphological diversity and vegetative growth parameters of fifteen betel vine varieties cultivated along the Odisha coast, with a focus on vine elongation, leaf dimensions, internodal length, leaf area, weight of fresh leaves, number of adventitious root production and the number of leaves per meter of vine. The results revealed significant variation among the varieties. Notably, vine elongation ranged from 39.5 to 68.8 cm/month, with the Golabandha varieties showing the highest rate. Leaf length varied from 8.84 to 20.24 cm, and the Chandrakana varieties displayed the longest leaves. Leaf breadth ranged from 4.46 to 15.3 cm, with the widest leaves found in Chandrakana varieties. Internodal length varied from 3.06 to 6.46 cm, with Gunthuni having the lowest internodes. Leaf area ranged from 38.04 to 177.37 cm2, with Chandrakana exhibiting the largest leaf area. Weight of fresh leaves varied significantly, with Chandrakana and Ralaba varieties having the highest and lowest weights, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped varieties based on their morphological characteristics, revealing distinct clusters related to leaf dimensions and growth parameters. Understanding the morphological diversity of betel vine varieties is crucial for identifying the superior varieties for sustainable cultivation and ensuring the quality of this culturally and economically significant crop.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"42 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139849513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Morphological Diversity and Vegetative Growth Parameters of Fifteen Betel Vine Varieties Cultivated Along the Odisha Coast","authors":"Sunil Kumar Gochhi, Surjendu Kumar Dey","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1305","url":null,"abstract":"Betel vine (Piper betle) is a tropical evergreen plant renowned for its cultural and medicinal significance. With origins in Southeast Asia, its heart-shaped leaves, vibrant colors and aromatic properties contribute to its widespread cultivation. The study investigates the morphological diversity and vegetative growth parameters of fifteen betel vine varieties cultivated along the Odisha coast, with a focus on vine elongation, leaf dimensions, internodal length, leaf area, weight of fresh leaves, number of adventitious root production and the number of leaves per meter of vine. The results revealed significant variation among the varieties. Notably, vine elongation ranged from 39.5 to 68.8 cm/month, with the Golabandha varieties showing the highest rate. Leaf length varied from 8.84 to 20.24 cm, and the Chandrakana varieties displayed the longest leaves. Leaf breadth ranged from 4.46 to 15.3 cm, with the widest leaves found in Chandrakana varieties. Internodal length varied from 3.06 to 6.46 cm, with Gunthuni having the lowest internodes. Leaf area ranged from 38.04 to 177.37 cm2, with Chandrakana exhibiting the largest leaf area. Weight of fresh leaves varied significantly, with Chandrakana and Ralaba varieties having the highest and lowest weights, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped varieties based on their morphological characteristics, revealing distinct clusters related to leaf dimensions and growth parameters. Understanding the morphological diversity of betel vine varieties is crucial for identifying the superior varieties for sustainable cultivation and ensuring the quality of this culturally and economically significant crop.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Farm Business of School (FBS) Intervention on The Income of The Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria","authors":"Ademola Adegoroye, Temitope Abiodun Oluwalade, Adegoke Abidemi Adeyelu, Oluwatosin Ayotomide Olorunfemi, Christianah Mope","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1304","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to empirically investigate the impacts of Farm Business School (FBS) intervention on the income of cocoa farmers in some selected states in Nigeria. Primary data were collected through direct personal interviews, and with the use of a well-structured questionnaire from 300 sampled cocoa farmers. The data analytical techniques employed in this study include descriptive statistics, endogenous switching regression (ESR) and propensity score matching (PSM). The results from the descriptive statistics for participants and non-participants showed that most of the farmers were relatively old given life expectancy in Nigeria as 52 years. Participants and non-participants in the study area had a mean age of 54 years. The cocoa farming has been dominated by male farmers. The result of ESR was based on the average treatment effects of participants in FBS on income, and this shows that participation in FBS increases income significantly, and farmers that did not participate would have benefited significantly had they participated in FBS. PSM analysis indicated that participants in Farmers Business School and The PSM results imply that FBS training has increased the income of participants by 343,950.84 point. The results showed that participating in Farmers Business School leads to significant gains and impacts on income of cocoa farmers. Also, variables like level of education, farm size, amount of credit obtained, household size, and number of visits by extension agents have a significant impact on the level of participation. Therefore, research institutes and other agencies of government should improve upon their services of creating awareness for cocoa farmers to encourage the participation of more farmers in the training programme to have increased income. The combination of ESR and PSM analysis will also add value and contribute to the literature on the best approach to address impact analysis.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"86 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Production Potentials of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using Two Seed Systems (Formal and Informal) in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon","authors":"Cyril Kerla, Mandah Cicelia Takor, Clive Neba Akongnwi, Marie Estelle Inès Ebobisse, E. Y. Monono, Ojong Agbor Ntane, Elsa Ariane Wandji Ngando, Lewis Dopgima Levai, Elizabeth S. Mbomi","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2024/v11i1301","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most extensively cultivated fruity vegetable in Cameroon, as its production has the potential to improve food security, as well as income stability for small-scale subsistence farming communities. Most studies on Tomato seed have focused on its response to environmental variations but there exist inadequate information on a comparative study of the use of formal and informal seed systems. This study was thus aimed at assessing the production potentials of two tomato seed systems (T1: Informal seeds, T2: Formal non-hybrid seeds and T3: formal hybrid seeds). Randomized Complete Block Design was used, with three treatments replicated thrice. A sample size of 20 plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit for data collection. T3 had the highest % germination (93%), while T2 had the least (72%). 4WAP, T3 had the tallest plants (69.53 ± 3.07 cm) and T2 had the shortest (50.03 ± 4.31cm), while T1 had the highest girth (8.40±0.75cm) and produced the most leaves (35.93± 6.14). T1 produced the most flowers (73.83 flowers) while T2 and T3 produced 19.83 and 62.93 flowers respectively with T1 producing the most fruits 27.6 as opposed to 4.23 fruits for T3 and 24.43 fruits for T2. T2 had a fruit weight 0.09 ± 0.14 Kg when compared to T1 (6.35 ± 5.67 Kg) and T2 (6.04 ± 4.29) with T1 having the highest fruit diameter (34.97 ± 3.54mm) and highest yield per ha (18.16 ± 16.20 ton/ha). In this studies we conclude that the informal seed system performed better germination percentage, growth and yield component than the formal seed system of  tomato.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Alternative Products for Tomato Septoria lycopersici Control","authors":"None Monteiro F. P., None Ogoshi C., None Mallmann G., None Valmorbida J., None Wamser A. F.","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4289","url":null,"abstract":"The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production and can lead to significant losses. Although there are active ingredients registered for the control of this disease, there is little study about products with alternatives for the control of the fungus S. lycopersici. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of alternative products in controlling the septoriose. The rationale for the study was to find efficient products that are less harmful to the environment. The study was conducted at the experimental station of EPAGRI in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twelve products were tested to control Septoria: Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (274 mg/L a.i.), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 autoclaved (274 mg/L a.i.), lime sulfur (10,000 mg/L c.p.), benzalkonium chloride (250 mg/L a.i.), mixed mineral fertilizer ( 2,000 mg/L c.p.), sodium hypochlorite (320 mg/L a.i.), peracetic acid (5,440 mg/L a.i.), Bordeaux mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Viçosa mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Trichoderma harzianum Rifai ESALQ-1306 (600 mg/L a.i.), acibenzolar-S-methyl (25 mg/L a.i.), potassium phosphite (2,000 mg/L a.i. with 1,340 mg/L phosphorous acid) and biostimulant (200 mg/L c.p.). The doses used were based on label, previous tests in vitro and in phytotoxicity events in tomato plants. In the in vitro experiments, the products that were not able to promote the formation of an inhibition halo were: biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture. The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition. The chemical fungicides mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad were used as a positive control. In vivo, the positive control was able to control 100% of the incidence and severity of Septoria and no symptoms were observed in the plants. For incidence, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizer. When considering the disease severity, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were: lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and benzalkonium chloride. The products Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixture, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants. Although lime sulfur has shown promise, its successive application can lead to a decrease in the photosynthetic rate.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"46 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Three Varieties and Application Methods of Muriate of Potash Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Onion","authors":"Jarin Jannat Nira, Tahmina Mostarin, Khaleda Khatun, Aysha Jannatul Ferdousi, Sumona Hoque, Riazul Islam Riad, Khairun Nahar, Md. Abuzar Sohag, Most. Mahmuda Akter","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4287","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study on the growth and yield of onions was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University's Horticulture farm from October 2021 to March 2022 during the Rabi season. The experiment employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: onion varieties (V1=BARI Piaz-1, V2=BARI Piaz-4, V3=BARI Piaz-6) and muriate of potash fertilizer application methods (M1=Basal application (Full dose), M2 = ½ basal application + ½ 25 DAT (Days after transplanting), M3 = ⅓ basal application + ⅓ 25 DAT + ⅓ 50 DAT). The results showed significant impacts of both onion varieties and potash fertilizer application methods on growth and yield. Among the onion varieties, BARI Piaz-4 (V2) exhibited the highest bulb weight per plant (66.52g), yield per plot (1.60 kg), and yield per hectare (17.74 t). Regarding potash fertilizer application, the ⅓ basal + ⅓ 25 DAT + ⅓ 50 DAT method (M3) resulted in the highest bulb weight per plant (59.97 g), bulb yield per plot (1.44 kg), and onion yield per hectare (15.99 t). The combination treatment of BARI Piaz-4 and the ⅓ basal + ⅓ 25 DAT + ⅓ 50 DAT potash fertilizer application (V2M3) produced the best results, with the highest bulb weight per plant (73.50 g), yield per plot (1.76 kg), and bulb yield per hectare (19.59 t). In conclusion, cultivating BARI Piaz-4 with a three-times split application of muriate of potash fertilizer (V2M3) can significantly enhance onion growth and yield, facilitating improved quality production.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"5 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Biological and Chemical Compounds for the Integrated Management of Apricot Powdery Mildew in Egypt","authors":"None Sharkawy Sahar, S. A., Asmaa M. Alkolaly, None Kafsheer, D. A.","doi":"10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajahr/2023/v10i4288","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate an integrated management program for powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca pannosa in apricot trees Prunus armeniaca, where four fungicides Copper, Carbendazim, Praiz and Topas) and three biocides ( Bio Z , Bio Arc and Activator Yeasts ) were evaluated in the first season 2020 in Ismailia and Beheira governorates in the regions of South Tahrir and Nubariya. All compounds significantly reduced the percentage of disease severity on leaves and flowers compared to the control, and the activator yeasts was among the best treatments, as it recorded in the last spraying a percentage of disease severity on leaves and flower 28.5% and 27.6% respectively compared with control 52.7 %and 56.2%, followed by the biocides Bio Z and Bio Arc.In the second season 2021, the compounds were evaluated during the flowering period, which led to their precipitation and the occurrence of plant toxicity for flowers at their highest rates with copper. As for the biocides compounds, they were completely safe.From here, an integrated control program was designed for two seasons 2022 and 2023 that combines fungicides and biocides. It is applied early before flowering. It gave excellent results, reduced the rate of fungicide use, and was safer and cost-saving.","PeriodicalId":298912,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research","volume":"290 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}