{"title":"Neural Correlates of Self-Generated Imagery and Cognition Throughout the Sleep Cycle","authors":"K. Fox, M. Girn","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190464745.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190464745.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have been aware for thousands of years that sleep comes in many forms, accompanied by different kinds of mental content. We review the first-person report literature on the frequency and type of content experienced in various stages of sleep, showing that different sleep stages are dissociable at the subjective level. We then relate these subjective differences to the growing literature differentiating the various sleep stages at the neurophysiological level, including evidence from electrophysiology, neurochemistry, and functional neuroimaging. We suggest that there is emerging evidence for relationships between sleep stage, neurophysiological activity, and subjective experiences. Specifically, we emphasize that functional neuroimaging work suggests a parallel between activation and deactivation of default network and visual network brain areas and the varying frequency and intensity of imagery and dream mentation across sleep stages; additionally, frontoparietal control network activity across sleep stages may parallel levels of cognitive control and meta-awareness. Together these findings suggest intriguing brain-mind isomorphisms and may serve as a first step toward a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between neurophysiology and psychology in sleep and dreaming.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vogelstein, K. Amunts, A. Andreou, D. Angelaki, G. Ascoli, Cori Bargmann, R. Burns, C. Calì, Frances S. Chance, Miyoung Chun, George M. Church, H. Cline, Todd P. Coleman, Stephanie de La Rochefoucauld, W. Denk, A. Elgoyhen, R. Cummings, Alan C. Evans, K. Harris, M. Hausser, Sean L. Hill, Samuel A. Inverso, Chad Jackson, Viren Jain, R. Kass, B. Kasthuri, Gregory Kiar, Konrad Paul Kording, S. Koushika, J. Krakauer, Story C. Landis, J. Layton, Qingming Luo, Adam H. Marblestone, D. Markowitz, Justin McArthur, B. Mensh, M. Milham, P. Mitra, P. Nesković, M. Nicolelis, Richard J O'Brien, A. Oliva, Gergő Orbán, Hanchuan Peng, Alyssa Picchini-Schaffer, M. Picciotto, J. Poline, M. Poo, A. Pouget, S. Raghavachari, Jane Roskams, T. Sejnowski, Fritz Sommer, N. Spruston, Larry Swanson, A. Toga, R. J. Vogelstein, R. Yuste, A. Zador, R. Huganir, Michael Miller
{"title":"Grand Challenges for Global Brain Sciences","authors":"J. Vogelstein, K. Amunts, A. Andreou, D. Angelaki, G. Ascoli, Cori Bargmann, R. Burns, C. Calì, Frances S. Chance, Miyoung Chun, George M. Church, H. Cline, Todd P. Coleman, Stephanie de La Rochefoucauld, W. Denk, A. Elgoyhen, R. Cummings, Alan C. Evans, K. Harris, M. Hausser, Sean L. Hill, Samuel A. Inverso, Chad Jackson, Viren Jain, R. Kass, B. Kasthuri, Gregory Kiar, Konrad Paul Kording, S. Koushika, J. Krakauer, Story C. Landis, J. Layton, Qingming Luo, Adam H. Marblestone, D. Markowitz, Justin McArthur, B. Mensh, M. Milham, P. Mitra, P. Nesković, M. Nicolelis, Richard J O'Brien, A. Oliva, Gergő Orbán, Hanchuan Peng, Alyssa Picchini-Schaffer, M. Picciotto, J. Poline, M. Poo, A. Pouget, S. Raghavachari, Jane Roskams, T. Sejnowski, Fritz Sommer, N. Spruston, Larry Swanson, A. Toga, R. J. Vogelstein, R. Yuste, A. Zador, R. Huganir, Michael Miller","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.10025.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10025.1","url":null,"abstract":"The next grand challenges for society and science are in the brain sciences. A collection of 60+ scientists from around the world, together with 10+ observers from national, private, and foundations, spent two days together discussing the top challenges that we could solve as a global community in the next decade. We eventually settled on three challenges, spanning anatomy, physiology, and medicine. Addressing all three challenges requires novel computational infrastructure. The group proposed the advent of The International Brain Station (TIBS), to address these challenges, and launch brain sciences to the next level of understanding.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurophysiological Investigation of Context Modulation based on Musical Stimulus","authors":"Siddharth Mehrotra, Anuj Shukla, Dipanjan Roy","doi":"10.13140/RG.2.1.3091.3524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3091.3524","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous studies which suggest that perhaps music is truly the language of emotions. Music seems to have an almost willful, evasive quality, defying simple explanation, and indeed requires deeper neurophysiological investigations to gain a better understanding. The current study makes an attempt in that direction to explore the effect of context on music perception. To investigate the same, we measured Galvanic Skin Responses (GSR) and self-reported emotion on 18 participants while listening to different Ragas (musical stimulus) composed of different Rasa's (emotional expression) in the different context (Neutral, Pleasant, and Unpleasant). The IAPS pictures were used to induce the emotional context in participants. Our results from this study suggest that the context can modulate emotional response in music perception but only for a shorter time scale. Interestingly, here we demonstrate by combining GSR and self-reports that this effect gradually vanishes over time and shows emotional adaptation irrespective of context. The overall findings suggest that specific context effects of music perception are transitory in nature and gets saturated on a longer time scale.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123321801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jair Pereira Junior, Caio Teixeira, Tomasz M. Rutkowski
{"title":"Visual Motion Onset Brain–Computer Interface","authors":"Jair Pereira Junior, Caio Teixeira, Tomasz M. Rutkowski","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS201609.0126.V2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS201609.0126.V2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a study of two novel visual motion onset stimulus-based brain-computer interfaces (vmoBCI). Two settings are compared with afferent and efferent to a computer screen center motion patterns. Online vmoBCI experiments are conducted in an oddball event-related potential (ERP) paradigm allowing for \"aha-responses\" decoding in EEG brainwaves. A subsequent stepwise linear discriminant analysis classification (swLDA) classification accuracy comparison is discussed based on two inter-stimulus-interval (ISI) settings of 700 and 150 ms in two online vmoBCI applications with six and eight command settings. A research hypothesis of classification accuracy non-significant differences with various ISIs is confirmed based on the two settings of 700 ms and 150 ms, as well as with various numbers of ERP response averaging scenarios. The efferent in respect to display center visual motion patterns allowed for a faster interfacing and thus they are recommended as more suitable for the no-eye-movements requiring visual BCIs.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124391629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Neuroimaging of Psychedelic Experience: An Overview of Psychological and Neural Effects and their Relevance to Research on Creativity, Daydreaming, and Dreaming","authors":"K. Fox, M. Girn, Cameron C. Parro, K. Christoff","doi":"10.1017/9781316556238.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316556238.007","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have employed an incredible variety of plant-derived substances over the millennia in order to alter consciousness and perception. Among the innumerable narcotics, analgesics, 'ordeal' drugs, and other psychoactive substances discovered and used in ritualistic contexts by cultures around the world, one class in particular stands out not only for its radical psychological effects, but also for the highly charged political and legal atmosphere that has surrounded it since its widespread adoption about 50 years ago: so-called psychedelic substances. We review functional neuroimaging investigations of the neural correlates of the psychedelic experience, and highlight relationships with the psychological and neural bases of creativity, daydreaming, and dreaming.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What can topology tell us about the neural code","authors":"C. Curto","doi":"10.1090/BULL/1554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1090/BULL/1554","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscience is undergoing a period of rapid experimental progress and expansion. New mathematical tools, previously unknown in the neuroscience community, are now being used to tackle fundamental questions and analyze emerging data sets. Consistent with this trend, the last decade has seen an uptick in the use of topological ideas and methods in neuroscience. In this talk I will survey recent applications of topology in neuroscience, and explain why topology is an especially natural tool for understanding neural codes. Note: This is a write-up of my talk for the Current Events Bulletin, held at the 2016 Joint Math Meetings in Seattle, WA.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131976609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum consciousness in warm, wet, and noisy brain","authors":"V. Sbitnev","doi":"10.1142/S0217984916503292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984916503292","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of quantum consciousness stems from dynamic flows of hydrogen ions in brain liquid. This liquid contains vast areas of the fourth phase of water with hexagonal packing of its molecules, the so-called exclusion zone (EZ) of water. The hydrogen ion motion on such hexagonal lattices shows as the hopping of the ions forward and the holes (vacant places) backward, caused by the Grotthuss mechanism. By supporting this motion using external infrasound sources, one may achieve the appearance of the superfluid state of the EZ water. Flows of the hydrogen ions are described by the modified Navier-Stokes equation. It, along with the continuity equation, yields the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes the quantum effects of these flows, such as the tunneling at long distances or the interference on gap junctions.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127686917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Pascual-Marqui, P. Faber, T. Kinoshita, Y. Kitaura, K. Kochi, P. Milz, K. Nishida, M. Yoshimura
{"title":"The dual frequency RV-coupling coefficient: a novel measure for quantifying cross-frequency information transactions in the brain","authors":"R. Pascual-Marqui, P. Faber, T. Kinoshita, Y. Kitaura, K. Kochi, P. Milz, K. Nishida, M. Yoshimura","doi":"10.5167/UZH-123448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-123448","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying dynamic transactions between brain regions has become increasingly important. Measurements within and across brain structures, demonstrating the occurrence of bursts of beta/gamma oscillations only during one specific phase of each theta/alpha cycle, have motivated the need to advance beyond linear and stationary time series models. Here we offer a novel measure, namely, the \"dual frequency RV-coupling coefficient\", for assessing different types of frequency-frequency interactions that subserve information flow in the brain. This is a measure of coherence between two complex-valued vectors, consisting of the set of Fourier coefficients for two different frequency bands, within or across two brain regions. RV-coupling is expressed in terms of instantaneous and lagged components. Furthermore, by using normalized Fourier coefficients (unit modulus), phase-type couplings can also be measured. The dual frequency RV-coupling coefficient is based on previous work: the second order bispectrum, i.e. the dual-frequency coherence (Thomson 1982; Haykin & Thomson 1998); the RV-coefficient (Escoufier 1973); Gorrostieta et al (2012); and Pascual-Marqui et al (2011). This paper presents the new measure, and outlines relevant statistical tests. The novel aspects of the \"dual frequency RV-coupling coefficient\" are: (1) it can be applied to two multivariate time series; (2) the method is not limited to single discrete frequencies, and in addition, the frequency bands are treated by means of appropriate multivariate statistical methodology; (3) the method makes use of a novel generalization of the RV-coefficient for complex-valued multivariate data; (4) real and imaginary covariance contributions to the RV-coherence are obtained, allowing the definition of a \"lagged-coupling\" measure that is minimally affected by the low spatial resolution of estimated cortical electric neuronal activity.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121810779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Paprocki, Temesgen Gebrehiwot, Marija Gradinscak, Artem Lenskiy
{"title":"Extracting Blink Rate Variability from EEG Signals","authors":"R. Paprocki, Temesgen Gebrehiwot, Marija Gradinscak, Artem Lenskiy","doi":"10.18178/IJMLC.2016.6.3.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJMLC.2016.6.3.597","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, blinks are treated on equal with artifacts and noise while analyzing EEG signals. However, blinks carry important information about mental processes and thus it is important to detect blinks accurately. The aim of the presented study is to propose a blink detection method and discuss its application for extracting blink rate variability, a novel concept that might shed some light on the mental processes. In this study, 14 EEG recordings were selected for assessing the quality of the proposed blink detection algorithm.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information processing and Fechner's problem as a choice of arithmetic","authors":"M. Czachor","doi":"10.1142/9789813109001_0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813109001_0012","url":null,"abstract":"Fechner's law and its modern generalizations can be regarded as manifestations of alternative forms of arithmetic, coexisting at stimulus and sensation levels. The world of sensations may be thus described by a generalization of the standard mathematical calculus.","PeriodicalId":298664,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Neurons and Cognition","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115722833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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