ACS Engineering Au最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Trends in Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams: A Review","authors":"Chen Chuan Nathaniel Don Lim,&nbsp;Michelle Jui Hsien Ong,&nbsp;Mingyue Wu,&nbsp;Chi-Lik Ken Lee and Ping Sen Choong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0002610.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00026https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00026","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyurethane foams (PUF) are essential materials known for their exceptional chemical and mechanical properties, making them ubiquitous in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUF are produced through polyaddition reactions between polyols and polyisocyanates at room temperature, where water plays a critical role in this process by hydrolyzing the isocyanates, leading to the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a blowing agent. In recent years, isocyanates have raised significant concerns in industries and consumers due to their high toxicity. Therefore, driving the need to explore alternative synthesis routes for PUF that do not involve the use of isocyanates. Nonisocyanate polyurethane foams (NIPUF) derived from the aminolysis of cyclic carbonates have emerged as the most promising solution to replace the conventional method of producing PUF. Despite this, the challenging aspect lies in identifying a suitable foaming strategy for NIPUF that can satisfy both sustainability and performance requirements. In view of this, the first part of this review focuses on the background, chemistry, and challenges of PUF. In the second part, the chemistry of NIPUF and the various foaming strategies used to prepare them are discussed and analyzed. Finally, the outlook and future research focus areas for NIPUF are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 6","pages":"493–518 493–518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Kinetics Resolution of an Enantioselective Transesterification Catalyzed with the Immobilized Enzyme Novozym435","authors":"Nicolas Chaussard*,&nbsp;Clémence Nikitine and Pascal Fongarland,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0003010.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00030https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00030","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work investigates the kinetics of the enantioselective transesterification of ethyl butyrate and (<i>R</i>)-2-pentanol in a solventless medium biocatalyzed by <i>Novozym435</i>, an immobilized <i>Candida antarctica</i> <i>Lipase B</i>. A reaction-diffusion reversible Ping-Pong bi-bi model was developed to represent the reaction rate with the additional estimation of the internal mass transfer using an orthogonal collocations method. A total of 18 experiments (774 data points) were realized in the SpinChem Vessel V2 batch reactor at a constant stirring speed of 400 rpm, varying temperatures (30–60 °C), component initial molar fraction (0.2–0.8), catalyst ratio (1–4% wt), and size fraction (200–1000 μm). Kinetics data were fitted using the model with a mean average percentage error of 3.45%, the 10 optimized kinetic parameters being coherent with the expected behavior of the Ping-Pong Michaelis–Menten mechanisms. Values for the effectiveness factor η for intraparticle mass transfer diffusion vary between 0.37 and 1, confirming the necessity to include mass transfer into kinetic modeling in our case.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 6","pages":"545–561 545–561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Synthesis of Rare Earth Metal Tungstates (REWO, RE = Ce, SM, Gd) for Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nitrotoluene","authors":"Sakthivel Kogularasu,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Sriram,&nbsp;Sea-Fue Wang,&nbsp;Wan-Ching Lin,&nbsp;Yen-Yi Lee,&nbsp;Yung-Lung Chen* and Guo-Ping Chang-Chien*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0002410.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00024https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, the synthesis and application of rare earth tungstates Ce₄W₉O₃₃ (CeW), Sm₂(WO₄)₃ (SmW), and Gd₂(WO₄)₃ (GdW) for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene were investigated. The nanoparticles were synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted solvothermal method, a technique known for its precision and reproducibility. It resulted in materials with high thermal stability, excellent catalytic activity, and enhanced electronic properties. The synthesized CeW, SmW, and GdW were employed to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), a widely used and well-established method in the field, which were then characterized using various techniques. Electrochemical performance was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometric (<i>i-t</i>) responses, all of which are standard methods in electrochemical analysis. The modified electrodes exhibited superior electrochemical behavior compared to bare SPCEs, with CeW/SPCE showing the highest reduction peak current for 4-nitrotoluene detection. The linear range for detection was found to be for DPV= 0.01–576 μM and for <i>i-t</i> = 0.001–306 μM, with a limit of detection of DPV = 0.034 μM and <i>i-t</i> = 0.012 μM. The sensors demonstrated excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, with minimal interference from other substances commonly found in environmental samples. Real-world applicability was confirmed by testing the modified electrodes in the river and tap water samples spiked with 4-nitrotoluene. The CeW/SPCE sensor showed rapid and sensitive response in both matrices, highlighting its potential for environmental monitoring. The robust performance of CeW, SmW, and GdW-modified electrodes underscores their suitability for practical applications in detecting nitrophenols, contributing to effective environmental monitoring and pollution control. This research has the potential to inspire further advancements in the field of electrochemical detection and environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 6","pages":"533–544 533–544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetowetting Dynamics of Compound Droplets","authors":"Debdeep Bhattacharjee, Suman Chakraborty, Arnab Atta","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the spreading dynamics of compound droplets is crucial for emerging applications like micromixers, microreactors, and mechano-responsive artificial cells. Integrating magnetic fields expands the potential of these technologies in soft robotics and medical imaging. Despite extensive research on individual droplets, the magnetowetting processes of compound droplets on hydrophobic surfaces remain underexplored. To address this gap, we use a finite element framework to conduct numerical simulations, focusing on the spreading behavior of compound droplets on hydrophobic surfaces under magnetic fields. Our approach is validated against experimental and theoretical paradigms from existing single-droplet studies. Additionally, we verify our model for the temporal evolution of compound droplet wetting in the absence of magnetic fields against existing numerical results. This research systematically explores wetting behaviors and shell fluid disintegration by manipulating key parameters, including magnetic field intensity and inner-to-outer droplet size ratios. These findings have significant implications for enhancing magnetically controlled soft fluidic systems, particularly in digital microfluidics and drug development.","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetowetting Dynamics of Compound Droplets","authors":"Debdeep Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Suman Chakraborty* and Arnab Atta*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0002310.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding the spreading dynamics of compound droplets is crucial for emerging applications like micromixers, microreactors, and mechano-responsive artificial cells. Integrating magnetic fields expands the potential of these technologies in soft robotics and medical imaging. Despite extensive research on individual droplets, the magnetowetting processes of compound droplets on hydrophobic surfaces remain underexplored. To address this gap, we use a finite element framework to conduct numerical simulations, focusing on the spreading behavior of compound droplets on hydrophobic surfaces under magnetic fields. Our approach is validated against experimental and theoretical paradigms from existing single-droplet studies. Additionally, we verify our model for the temporal evolution of compound droplet wetting in the absence of magnetic fields against existing numerical results. This research systematically explores wetting behaviors and shell fluid disintegration by manipulating key parameters, including magnetic field intensity and inner-to-outer droplet size ratios. These findings have significant implications for enhancing magnetically controlled soft fluidic systems, particularly in digital microfluidics and drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 6","pages":"524–532 524–532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Dy2O3@TiO2 Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications","authors":"Balachandran Subramanian, K. Jeeva Jothi, Mohamedazeem M. Mohideen, R. Karthikeyan, A. Santhana Krishna Kumar, Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram, K. Thirumalai, Munirah D. Albaqami, Saikh Mohammad, M. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00025","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastewater pollution is a crucial global issue due to the increasing need for clean water. Traditional photocatalytic methods for eliminating harmful dyes are often ineffective and are environmentally damaging. This study introduces a new, efficient photocatalyst combining Dy₂O₃ with TiO₂ using a single-step hydrothermal approach. Dy₂O₃@TiO₂ nanostructures were synthesized and characterized by using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, and UV–visible spectroscopy. Dy₂O₃ was evenly distributed on TiO₂, preventing clumping and resulting in a larger surface area with more active sites. UV irradiation (365 nm) replaced the traditional thermal energy for photocatalytic dye breakdown, leveraging the varying conductivity of the Dy₂O₃@TiO₂ nanocomposites. Incorporating Dy₂O₃ decreased band gaps, enhancing redox reactions and expanding the range of degradable contaminants. For Rhodamine B dye degradation, the Dy₂O₃@TiO₂ composite demonstrated significantly higher degradation rates than Dy₂O₃ or TiO₂ alone at reaction parameters such as neutral pH (pH 7) and catalyst concentration (2 g L^–1). The hybrid material also demonstrated improved electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) under alkaline conditions with an initial potential of 0.88 V and a Tafel slope of 73 mV dec^–1. The enhanced catalytic activity and durability are attributed to the synergistic interaction between Dy₂O₃ and TiO₂. This novel photocatalyst offers a sustainable alternative for treating industrial effluents while reducing the environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiofrequency Induction Heating for Green Chemicals Manufacture: A Systematic Model of Energy Losses and a Scale-Up Case-Study","authors":"Jonathan P. P. Noble, Simon J. Bending, Alfred K. Hill","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00009","url":null,"abstract":"Radiofrequency (RF) induction heating has generated much interest for the abatement of carbon emissions from the chemicals sector as a direct electrification technology. Three challenges have held back its deployment at scale: reactors must be built from nonconductive materials which eliminates steel as a design choice; the viability of scale-up is uncertain; and to date the reported energy efficiency has been too low. This paper presents a model that for the first time makes a comprehensive analysis of energy losses that arise from RF induction heating. The maximum energy efficiency for radio frequency induction heating was previously reported to be 23% with a typical frequency range of 200–400 kHz. The results from the model show that an energy efficiency of 65–82% is achieved at a much lower frequency of 10 kHz and a reactor diameter of 0.2 m. Energy efficiency above 90% with reactor diameters above 1 m in diameter are predicted if higher voltage radio frequency sources can be developed. A new location of the work coil inside of the reactor wall is shown to be highly effective. Losses arising from heating a steel reactor wall in this configuration are shown to be insignificant, even when the wall is immediately adjacent to the work coil. This analysis demonstrates that RF induction heating can be a highly efficient and effective industrial technology for coupling high energy demand chemicals manufacture electricity from zero carbon renewables.","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SO2 and SO3 Exposure to Cu-CHA on Surface Nitrate and N2O Formation for NH3–SCR","authors":"Joonsoo Han*,&nbsp;Joachim D. Bjerregaard,&nbsp;Henrik Grönbeck,&nbsp;Derek Creaser and Louise Olsson*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0000410.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report effects of SO₂ and SO₃ exposure on ammonium nitrate (AN) and N₂O formation in Cu-CHA used for NH₃–SCR. First-principles calculations and several characterizations (ICP, BET, XRD, UV–vis–DRS) were applied to characterize the Cu-CHA material and speciation of sulfur species. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that the SO₂ exposure results in both (bi)sulfite and (bi)sulfate whereas the SO₃ exposure yields only (bi)sulfate. Furthermore, SOx adsorption on framework-bound dicopper species is shown to be favored with respect to adsorption onto framework-bound monocopper species. Temperature-programmed reduction with H₂ shows two clear reduction states and larger sulfur uptake for the SO₃-exposed Cu-CHA compared to the SO₂-exposed counterpart. Temperature-programmed desorption of formed ammonium nitrate (AN) highlights a significant decrease in nitrate storage due to sulfur species interacting with copper sites in the form of ammonium/copper (bi)bisulfite/sulfate. Especially, highly stable sulfur species from SO₃ exposure influence the NO₂–SCR chemistry by decreasing the N₂O selectivity during NH₃–SCR whereas an increased N₂O selectivity was observed for the SO₂-exposed Cu-CHA sample. This study provides fundamental insights into how SO₂ and SO₃ affect the N₂O formation during ammonium nitrate decomposition in NH₃–SCR applications, which is a very important topic for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 4","pages":"405–421 405–421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SO2 and SO3 Exposure to Cu-CHA on Surface Nitrate and N2O Formation for NH3–SCR","authors":"Joonsoo Han, Joachim D. Bjerregaard, Henrik Grönbeck, Derek Creaser, Louise Olsson","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004","url":null,"abstract":"We report effects of SO₂ and SO₃ exposure on ammonium nitrate (AN) and N₂O formation in Cu-CHA used for NH₃–SCR. First-principles calculations and several characterizations (ICP, BET, XRD, UV–vis–DRS) were applied to characterize the Cu-CHA material and speciation of sulfur species. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that the SO₂ exposure results in both (bi)sulfite and (bi)sulfate whereas the SO₃ exposure yields only (bi)sulfate. Furthermore, SOx adsorption on framework-bound dicopper species is shown to be favored with respect to adsorption onto framework-bound monocopper species. Temperature-programmed reduction with H₂ shows two clear reduction states and larger sulfur uptake for the SO₃-exposed Cu-CHA compared to the SO₂-exposed counterpart. Temperature-programmed desorption of formed ammonium nitrate (AN) highlights a significant decrease in nitrate storage due to sulfur species interacting with copper sites in the form of ammonium/copper (bi)bisulfite/sulfate. Especially, highly stable sulfur species from SO₃ exposure influence the NO₂–SCR chemistry by decreasing the N₂O selectivity during NH₃–SCR whereas an increased N₂O selectivity was observed for the SO₂-exposed Cu-CHA sample. This study provides fundamental insights into how SO₂ and SO₃ affect the N₂O formation during ammonium nitrate decomposition in NH₃–SCR applications, which is a very important topic for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Aspect of Ocean Liming for CO2 Removal: Dissolution Kinetics of Calcium Hydroxide in Seawater","authors":"Selene Varliero,&nbsp;Annamaria Buono,&nbsp;Stefano Caserini,&nbsp;Guido Raos* and Piero Macchi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c0000810.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00008https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ocean liming is attracting ever-increasing attention as one of the most suitable and convenient ways of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and combating global warming and the acidification of the oceans at the same time. However, the short-term consequences of Ca(OH)₂ [slaked lime] dissolution in seawater have been scarcely studied. In this work, we investigate in detail what happens in the initial stages after the dissolution of slaked lime, analyzing the kinetics of the process and the effects on the physicochemical parameters of seawater. A series of experiments, carried out by varying the seawater conditions (like temperature and salinity) or the liming conditions (like the dispersion in the form of slurry or powder and the concentration) allow us to draw conclusions on the ideal conditions for a more efficient and environmentally friendly liming process.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"4 4","pages":"422–431 422–431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}