ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-10-21Epub Date: 2026-09-30DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00058
José I. Bielma, Mengmeng Cui, Juan M. Colom, Isa Al Aslani, Diego Zapater, Rubén Medina Flores, Lujain Alfilfil, Isidoro Morales Osorio, Mohammed Hakami, Khalid Almajnouni, Jorge Gascon, Pedro Castaño
{"title":"Regulating Gas–Solid Fluidization in a Diameter-Transformed Dense Bed with Geldart A Particles","authors":"José I. Bielma, Mengmeng Cui, Juan M. Colom, Isa Al Aslani, Diego Zapater, Rubén Medina Flores, Lujain Alfilfil, Isidoro Morales Osorio, Mohammed Hakami, Khalid Almajnouni, Jorge Gascon, Pedro Castaño","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scaling and optimizing dense fluidized bed reactors remainchallengingbecause gas–solid interactions are complex and highly heterogeneous,most experimental observations are limited to pseudo-2D systems, andvalidating the numerical models used for design is difficult. Thischallenge is particularly pronounced for geometries with diameter-transformedstructures (i.e., the bottom section of transported risers and two-and multizone fluidized bed reactors) and for Geldart A solids, whosefine particle size and cohesive behavior produce complex, chaoticflow patterns. In this work, we developed an approach that integratescold-flow testing with CPFD simulations to regulate gas–solidfluidization in a 3D diameter-transformed dense fluidized bed reactor.We modified the Ergun-based drag model using pressure-drop measurementsand implemented it in CPFD simulations. The model accurately reproducesexperimental pressure drop and local solids holdup in a dense bedreactor containing 1.2 kg of Geldart A particles, demonstrating itspredictive capability. We employed the validated model to evaluatehydrodynamics (i.e., void fraction, solid flux, and residence timedistribution) under various operating conditions, enabling flexibleapplication across different reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"685–699"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-10-21Epub Date: 2026-09-10DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00043
Haolong You, Chengmin Chen, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Feipeng Cai, Lei Zhang, Jianzhi Li
{"title":"A Static, Multisubstrate, In Silico Reactor Design of the MOCVD Process for Uniform Growth of GaN Epitaxial Layers","authors":"Haolong You, Chengmin Chen, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Feipeng Cai, Lei Zhang, Jianzhi Li","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gallium nitride (GaN)epitaxial film properties depend criticallyon deposition uniformity and growth efficiency. While metal-organicchemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is the dominant industrial technology,traditional vertical rotating disk reactors generate complex centrifugalfields, edge vortices, and gas short-circuiting. These flow instabilitiesdegrade film purity, limit precursor utilization, and complicate processcontrol, creating bottlenecks for large-scale, high-throughput integration.To address these limitations, a novel, rotation-free MOCVD reactorarchitecture designed for high-capacity batch scale-up is proposed.By eliminating the high-speed rotating susceptor (core moving componentof traditional MOCVD) and adopting advanced structural flow control,the proposed static chamber accommodates six symmetrically arrangedstationary substrates, which removes centrifugal flow disturbancesinduced by mechanical rotation. The system utilizes 12 independentlydistributed annular inlets to deliver trimethylgallium (TMGa) andammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) isolated by inert carrier gases (H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>), successfully eliminating gas-phase prereactionsat the source. Such units can be stacked up to increase throughput.Using an experimentally validated 3D multiphysics coupled model, thechamber height and exhaust outlet layout were optimized to suppressparasitic vortices. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the optimizeddesign (75 mm chamber height) dramatically improves growth uniformity(GU) by 77.4% (from 0.04746 to 0.01074) compared to traditional rotatingsystems, while slightly increasing the average growth rate (GR) to0.4774 μm/h. Furthermore, process parameter optimization (V/IIIratio = 700, substrate temperature = 1373 K) enhances the growth rateto 0.509 μm/h while maintaining excellent uniformity. This rotation-free,multisubstrate design strategy offers a highly stable, low-complexityframework for next-generation, high-throughput semiconductor manufacturingequipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"642–657"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-10-21Epub Date: 2026-08-31DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00044
Manuel Materna, Johannes Raab, Franz Koschany, Marian Schenker, Hans-Philipp Walther, Daniel Mack, Olaf Hinrichsen
{"title":"Reducing Methane Emissions for Marine Engine Applications: Accelerated CH4 Oxidation by NO on a Fe-BEA Zeolite","authors":"Manuel Materna, Johannes Raab, Franz Koschany, Marian Schenker, Hans-Philipp Walther, Daniel Mack, Olaf Hinrichsen","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methane emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG)-poweredmarineengines pose a significant challenge due to methane’s highglobal warming potential. Conventional platinum group metal (PGM)-basedmethane oxidation catalysts suffer from poor sulfur and hydrothermalstability, limiting their applicability in marine exhaust aftertreatmentsystems. This study investigates a commercially available Fe-BEA zeoliteas a noble-metal-free alternative for methane oxidation under realisticexhaust conditions. The catalyst demonstrates low activity in thepresence of O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O alone, but the additionof NO significantly enhances CH<sub>4</sub> conversion due to theformation of NO<sub>2</sub>. The NO/NO<sub>2</sub> cycle acts as acocatalyst. NO<sub>2</sub> facilitates both CH<sub>4</sub> and COoxidation, improving CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity. Pressure-dependentexperiments reveal that increased space time at elevated pressuresis the primary driver of enhanced conversion. Hydrothermal aging at550 and 650 °C for 100 h does not lead to a loss in activity,while aging at 700 °C results in minor deactivation due to reducedNO oxidation capacity. Catalyst characterization via NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, BET, and XRD confirms structural changes, including defectsite healing and dealumination. These findings highlight the Fe-BEAzeolite as a stable and effective catalyst for methane abatement inharsh marine engine environments, with engine optimization and preturboplacement offering promising strategies for improved performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"658–669"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Fe2O3/PEI/MIL-53(Al) from Upcycled Linkers for Organophosphate Antiscalant Cleanup","authors":"Jirawan Jindakaew, Chalita Ratanatawanate, Abdelhamid Elaissari, Erwann Jeanneau, Ruben Vera, Pakorn Opaprakasit, Chariya Kaewsaneha, Xiao Hu, Hidetoshi Sekiguchi, Mantana Opaprakasit","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An environmentally friendly magnetic metal–organicframework(MMOF) based on MIL-53(Al) was synthesized using terephthalic acid(TPA) recovered from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as theorganic linker. The Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@MIL-53(Al) adsorbentwas fabricated through a layer-by-layer assembly, with polyethylenimine(PEI) bridging the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> core (∼200 nm)and MIL-53(Al) shell (∼25 nm). A uniform MOF layer was achievedin a single cycle under green synthesis conditions with PEI concentrations≥ 10 g/L. The MMOF efficiently removed organophosphate pollutants,particularly 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), acommon scale and corrosion inhibitor. Adsorption kinetics across apH range of 3–10.5 closely match the pseudo-second-order kineticmodel, indicating chemisorption. The adsorption capacity ranged from250 to 460 mg/g, with a maximum surface-normalized capacity of 0.44mg/m<sup>2</sup> at pH 5.5, attributed to favorable electrostaticinteractions. Adsorption performance was strongly influenced by boththe MMOF zeta potential and the ionization state of PBTC. The well-fittedadsorption isotherms (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9) to the Freundlich, Temkin,and Henry models indicate heterogeneous surface adsorption mechanisms.Electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and surface complexationare proposed as the dominant mechanisms. Overall, the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PEI/MIL-53(Al) composite exhibits high adsorption capacity,broad pH stability, and low toxicity, highlighting its promise forefficient PBTC antiscalant removal applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"609–621"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-10-21Epub Date: 2026-08-10DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00057
Ederson Paulo Xavier Guilherme, Eric Keven Silva
{"title":"Process Intensification in Soybean Hull Fractionation: Linking Delignification, Structural Opening, and Fibrillation","authors":"Ederson Paulo Xavier Guilherme, Eric Keven Silva","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient fractionationof lignocellulosic biomass remainsa majorchallenge due to the complex and recalcitrant architecture of plantcell walls, requiring process intensification strategies capable ofselectively promoting delignification while preserving the cellulosicfraction. This study investigated the combined influence of chemical(NaOH concentration), thermochemical (temperature), mechanical (high-intensityultrasound), electrical (pulsed electric field, PEF), and physical(particle size) process intensification strategies on soybean hullfractionation using a Plackett–Burman screening design. Celluloseyield, water retention value (WRV), and fibrillation yield were adoptedas complementary indicators of delignification efficiency, fiber accessibility,and structural disintegration. Temperature emerged as the dominantfactor governing cellulose recovery and fibrillation, whereas particlesize and NaOH concentration primarily influenced fiber swelling andstructural accessibility, as reflected by WRV. In contrast, PEF showedno measurable contribution to cellulose recovery, WRV, or fibrillationyield within the investigated experimental domain, demonstrating thatits influence was negligible compared to the thermochemical variables.The integration of statistical screening with scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and sustainability assessmentenabled the organization of representative processing conditions intofour empirical structural transformation regimes, describing the progressiveevolution of the lignocellulosic matrix from mild delignificationto extensive fibrillation. Rather than representing mechanistic transitions,these regimes constitute an empirical process-structure–propertyframework linking processing conditions, structural responses, andfractionation performance. The findings demonstrate that thermochemicalvariables should be prioritized for soybean hull fractionation whileestablishing the operational domain in which PEF is unlikely to providemeaningful gains. This integrated framework contributes to the rationaldesign of intensified lignocellulosic fractionation processes andsupports more efficient and sustainable biomass valorization strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"670–684"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coal Pretreatment Technologies for Clean and Efficient Utilization: A Review","authors":"Leyi Guo, Hailan Zhao, Yuanhao Yu, Gang Wang, Zhongping Zou, Haibin Zuo","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a cornerstoneof global energy consumption, coal isextensivelyutilized in power generation, iron and steel, building materials,chemical industries, and heating. It has made significant contributionsto the global economy and will remain indispensable in the energysector for the foreseeable future. However, coal utilization is accompaniedby emissions of high ash, sulfur, heavy metals, and other harmfulelements. Thus, implementing effective and viable pretreatment priorto its use is crucial. This review summarizes the current researchprogress, classification, underlying principles, and challenges ofcoal pretreatment technologies. It examines the influence of the physicochemicalproperties of coal on pretreatment processes and subsequent utilization,with particular emphasis on a comparative analysis of relevant processesoriented toward three primary objectives: deashing, desulfurization,and graded efficiency utilization. Physical pretreatment technologiesfeature mature processes, large treatment capacities, and low cost,but they struggle to remove intrinsic impurities that are chemicallybonded or finely dispersed. Chemical pretreatment technologies canachieve deep desulfurization, deashing, and structural modification,yet they generally face severe challenges such as high reagent consumption,high energy intensity, equipment corrosion, and secondary pollution.Biological pretreatment technologies offer mild operating conditionsand environmental friendliness, but they suffer from slow reactionrates, difficulties in process scale-up, and narrow adaptability todifferent coal types. Future advances in coal pretreatment technologiesare expected to focus on intelligent process control, multitechnologyintegration, recovery of value-added components, and application-orientedpretreatment strategies, aiming to enable the clean and efficientutilization of coal and support the sustainable development of theenergy sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"580–608"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catalytic Vapor Upgrading of Waste-Plastic Pyrolysis Products: Fuel Quality Enhancement, Engine Performance Testing, Exergy Performance, and Emission Implications","authors":"Nattadon Pannucharoenwong, Snunkhaem Echaroj, Keyoon Duanguppama, Tanatorn Tanantong, Kumpanat Chaiphet, Chinnapat Turakarn, Phadungsak Ratanadecho","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A pilot-scale pyrolysis process was designed to producegasolineand diesel-range fuels from waste plastic bags through pyrolysis reaction,ex-situ catalytic cracking, and staged condensation. The catalyticupgrading unit was operated at 400–440 °C and consistedof different catalysts such as ZSM-5, dolomite, or kaolin catalysts.The surface properties of the catalysts were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The productswere highly temperature-dependent, with a maximum liquid yield at420 °C, above which secondary cracking led to increased gas yield.ZSM-5 catalysts facilitated extensive aromatization, yielding gasoline-rangeplastic pyrolysis oil (G-PPO) with a high heating value of 44.5 MJkg<sup>–1</sup> and high benzene and toluene content, whiledolomite catalysts facilitated the production of stable diesel-rangehydrocarbons with high cycloalkane content, whereas kaolin catalystsinhibited heavy wax production with high liquid yield. Gas chromatographymass spectrometer (GC–MS) analysis validated that radical cracking,β-scission, cyclization, and dehydrogenation were the dominantproduct evolution pathways, which were highly dependent on catalystacidity and structure. Engine testing with a 20% G-PPO blend showeda predictable rise in the brake thermal efficiency with increasingload, with exhaust gas temperature and emissions correlating withthe aromatic composition of the fuel. Exergy analysis showed thatZSM-5-derived G-PPO had the lowest exhaust exergy and irreversibilitylosses, suggesting a more efficient conversion of chemical energyto useful work. Although pyrolysis can help with waste disposal ofplastic bag, but emission data from blend fuel (20% G-PPO) revealedhigher NO<em>x</em> and particulate emissions compared tocommercial gasoline.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"622–641"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-10-21DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00085
Linda Broadbelt, Pedros S. F. Mendes, Matteo Maestri
{"title":"AI and Machine Learning: Fundamental and Applied Breakthroughs","authors":"Linda Broadbelt, Pedros S. F. Mendes, Matteo Maestri","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.6c00085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 5","pages":"578–579"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-08-19Epub Date: 2026-04-28DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00120
Elina Pääkkönen, Tuomas Turpeinen, Olli-Ville Laukkanen, Baranivignesh Prakash, Jouni Paltakari, Jukka A. Ketoja
{"title":"High-Consistency Foam Pilot Process for Producing Fibrous Cushion Material","authors":"Elina Pääkkönen, Tuomas Turpeinen, Olli-Ville Laukkanen, Baranivignesh Prakash, Jouni Paltakari, Jukka A. Ketoja","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-consistency (HC) suspensions containing severalweight% offibers have been studied in the past but mainly in relation to water-laidweb-forming technology. The severe flocking problems deterioratingweb quality can be partly solved by using aqueous foam as a transfermedium instead of water. The processability of highly viscous HC foamand its potential to produce low-density fiber products are revealedonly in large-scale dynamic conditions with the proper flow propertiesof the foam. For this reason, a pilot-scale study was conducted at10–14% fiber consistency and a 3 m/min web speed using softwood,hardwood, and a 50/50 fiber mixture as raw materials. To better understandthe effects of additives on foam processability and the strength ofthe final product, the following additives were selected: guar gum(GG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), citric acid, and a combinationof the latter two. These studies were supported by rheological measurementsand X-ray microtomography analysis of the product structures. In rheologicalmeasurements, the HC fiber foams turned out to have significant elasticitywith a high storage modulus. Interestingly, the highest consistencyin the pilot studies led to the smallest mean floc size and totalfloc volume in the corresponding samples. The best strength propertieswere gained with citric acid and CMC. Overall, the findings indicatethat HC foam demonstrates significant technological potential forproducing sustainable fiber products with efficient water usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"519–530"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Engineering AuPub Date : 2026-08-19Epub Date: 2026-08-02DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00119
Chiara Canciani, Madhumitha Dhanasekaran, Shekhar Kulkarni, Nimer Wehbe, Bambar Davaasuren, Varaha P. Sarvothaman, William L. Roberts
{"title":"Clarification on the Influence of Reducing Agents on the Extraction Mechanism of Metals from NMC111","authors":"Chiara Canciani, Madhumitha Dhanasekaran, Shekhar Kulkarni, Nimer Wehbe, Bambar Davaasuren, Varaha P. Sarvothaman, William L. Roberts","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The urgent requirement for battery materials to satisfytheir risingdemand due to electrification is straining limited mineral resources.Thus, recycling is becoming increasingly more important to reducereliance on mining and delocalize the supply chain of critical batterymetals. In this framework, the use of process-intensification techniquesto improve recycling yields is fundamental to ensuring scalabilityand economic viability. The extraction (leaching) of metals from spentbatteries is the core step of hydrometallurgical recycling, and itsintensification using acoustic cavitation has shown impressive results,enabling the use of milder organic acids. This work aims at investigatingthe quantitative effects of the addition of hydrogen peroxide as areducing agent during cavitation-assisted leaching, to pinpoint itseffect on the extraction. This results in a deeper understanding ofthe action of both reducing agents during the cavitation-intensifiedprocess.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"504–518"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}