ACS Engineering Au最新文献

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Velocimetry for In-Line Processing of Biologics: Concentrated and Gelling Monoclonal Antibody Solutions.","authors":"Conor M Lewis, Owen Watts Moore, Charles T Heise, Jennifer Tovey, Thomas A Waigh","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00083","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical coherence tomography velocimetry (OCTV) was demonstrated with in-line processing of biologics for the first time. OCTV allowed the velocity of concentrated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs at 39.5-84.7 mg mL^-1) to be probed in 3.4 pL volumes over distances 0-5 mm from the pipe walls. The large penetration depth is facilitated by the relatively low turbidity of mAbs at near-infrared wavelengths (1300 nm). The mAb solutions could be concentrated in situ and the changes to the viscoelasticity measured. Higher concentration mAb solutions became shear thinning (following the power law fluid model) and the amplitude of their velocity fluctuations decreased. Furthermore, dropping the pH of the mAb solutions induced a gelation phase transition and complex changes to the mAb rheology could be observed with OCTV e.g. thixotropy and the formation of a stationary boundary layer. Thus, in situ formulation of mAbs could be explored with OCTV under industrially relevant conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"296-306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights for Plasma-Catalytic CO₂ Reduction over TiO₂ in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor.","authors":"Diego Alexander Gonzalez-Casamachin, Yuyang Hu, Srinivas Rangarajan, Jonas Baltrusaitis","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00092","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reaction kinetics experiments coupled with phenomenological kinetic modeling and parameter estimation are used to elicit insights into the mechanism and active sites for the plasma-catalytic dissociation of CO₂ on TiO₂. Experimental and model insights showed that gas-phase reactions contribute at least two-thirds of the overall product formation at explored conditions; weak temperature dependence, strong sensitivity to specific energy input (SEI), apparent first order in CO₂, and positive influence of cofed argon (Ar) and oxygen (O₂) for the gas-phase contributions all suggest that expected plasma reaction steps such as electron-impact and high-energy collisions are the dominant modes for CO₂ dissociation. The Arrhenius-like expression for gas contributions resulted in a preexponential of 4.40 × 10^-3 s^-1, an <i>E</i> _SEI,g of 7.90 × 10^-4 mol/kJ, and an <i>E</i> _a,g of 1.00 × 10^-3 J/mol. For surface contributions, the small apparent barrier of 16.3 kJ/mol, relatively weaker dependence on SEI, first-order dependence on CO₂, and insensitivity to cofed Ar and O₂ all point to CO₂ dissociation on TiO₂ surface facets without vacancies and aided by plasma (leading to vibrationally excited CO₂ and/or a reactive surface with significant surface charge accumulation). The Arrhenius-like expression resulted in a preexponential of 7.81 × 10^-2 s^-1, an <i>E</i> _SEI,s of 1.90 × 10^-3 mol/kJ, and an <i>E</i> _a,s of 1.63 × 10⁴ J/mol. The derived kinetic model further enabled a systematic evaluation of the effect of inputs (plasma power, flow rate, CO₂ inlet concentration, and temperature) to identify process trends and optimal operating conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"334-344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Chemical Kinetic Modeling: Where We Succeed, Where We Struggle, and What Comes Next.","authors":"Alon Grinberg Dana, Kevin M Van Geem, Carlo Cavallotti, William H Green","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical kinetic modeling plays a foundational role in fields ranging from energy to environmental science, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. The past two decades have seen remarkable progress, particularly in modeling gas-phase reactions for thermochemical processes, leading to impactful industrial applications such as steam cracking and air quality management. However, new challenges are emerging. The successful development of systematic methodologies for the description of gas-phase kinetics opens the possibility to apply the same approach to the study of more challenging systems. Here, we review recent advances, including ab initio transition state theory-based master equation estimation of elementary rates, automated mechanism generation, machine-learning-assisted kinetics, and uncertainty quantification, and discuss the advances needed to apply the same methodological approach in areas such as heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, liquid-phase and solid-state reactivity, and multiscale model integration. We advocate for the development of targeted tools, especially methods that go beyond empirical tuning toward first-principles-based predictions. We highlight the need for accessible software and AI-augmented workflows to democratize modeling for industry and academia alike. In this perspective, we call attention to not only what has worked but also what remains unsolved, advocating to avoid overemphasizing successes in scientific works at the expense of realism. The next decade should focus on predictive capability, physical accuracy, and community infrastructure (e.g., databases and services) to enable innovation across diverse fields. We argue that kinetic modeling, properly equipped, can accelerate discovery far beyond its traditional domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Oxide Membranes for Sustainable Recycling: Poly(styrene) Fractionation by Organic Solvent Nanofiltration.","authors":"Natechanok Yutthasaksunthorn, Yuchen Chang, Van Son Nguyen, Kaung Su Khin Zaw, Scott A Sinquefield, Carsten Sievers, Sankar Nair","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient separation and purification of polymeric mixtures is an important challenge in plastic recycling. Here we demonstrate a robust graphene oxide (GO) membrane platform capable of separating low- and high-molecular-weight poly-(styrene) (PS) in nonpolar solvents. By tuning GO membrane properties through pillaring with a polyconjugated aromatic compound (PAC) and controlled reduction, we obtain the efficient nanofiltration of poly-(styrene) in a hydrocarbon solvent, enabling the removal of monomers and low-molecular-weight oligomers. Over 600 h of continuous operation, the pillared membrane maintains a stable high flux of 8 ± 1 L m^-2 h^-1 and total rejection of high-MW polymer. Postfractionation, the enriched high-MW retentate has a 2-fold higher yield of styrene monomers in mechanocatalytic ball-milling depolymerization compared to unfractionated PS. Removing oligomeric diluents improves energy transfer, suppresses chain transfer, and promotes chain scission followed by chain-end depropagation. Thus, fractionation by organic solvent nanofiltration with GO membranes can enable scalable and efficient routes to mechanochemical polymer recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"82-89"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring CFD Models to Real-World Bubble Columns Using Wall Pressure Fluctuations.","authors":"Rupak Kumar, Vivek V Ranade","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bubble column reactors (BCRs) are widely used in chemical and other allied industries. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are often used to simulate and optimize BCRs. However, these models still require ad hoc adjustments of model parameters to anchor simulations to real-world reactors. A recently proposed idea suggests that wall pressure fluctuations could be exploited to obtain relevant closure models. In this work, we evaluated this idea for simulating BCRs. A published case of a bubble column with 0.1 m diameter and 2 m height, for which the gas holdup and wall pressure fluctuation data were available, was considered. Three-dimensional transient flow in the BCR was simulated by using the Euler-Euler models. In the first step, following the conventional approach, the values of the key parameter (<i>C</i> _D/<i>d</i> _B) for estimating interphase drag were obtained by matching simulated results with experimental gas holdup data. An artificial neural network (ANN) was then trained to relate experimental wall pressure fluctuations data with those of (<i>C</i> _D/<i>d</i> _B). The hybrid model demonstrated high accuracy, with an <i>R</i> ² of 0.99, and the predicted values fall within ±5% of the experimental data. The trained ANN was subsequently used to estimate the (<i>C</i> _D/<i>d</i> _B) for the cases unseen by the model. The wall pressure fluctuations-based approach successfully captured the influence of gas velocity on gas holdup for both the water and the 1.5% ethanol case. The approach was also found to be reasonably successful for simulating the influence of ethanol concentration on gas holdup. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of combining wall pressure fluctuations with machine learning to estimate relevant model parameters. This work establishes a robust foundation for advancing the presented approach toward anchoring CFD models to real-world reactor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic, Literature-Informed Critical Mineral Life Cycle Assessment Guidelines: An Essential Foundation for the Energy Transition.","authors":"Jenna N Trost, Jennifer B Dunn, Kimberly R Marion Suiseeya","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00075","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we demonstrate that life cycle assessment (LCA) is a valuable tool for evaluating the trade-offs between critical mineral acquisition and its resulting environmental impacts, but the applications of LCA to critical mineral mining are inconsistent and limited. These inconsistencies inhibit effective comparison of mines' effects and decision-making in support of environmentally responsible mineral supply chains. To illustrate these limitations, we analyzed how 74 peer-reviewed and gray literature critical mineral mining LCAs applied the four phases of LCA. To further assess how these LCAs account for environmental impacts, we created a data set of critical mining impacts reported in the EJ Atlas. Based on this thorough assessment, we propose a series of guidelines for each LCA phase for application to critical mineral mining. These recommendations provide an opportunity to standardize critical mineral mining LCAs and enable better comparison to inform decision-making and mining policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"5 6","pages":"621-638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Velocimetry for In-Line Processing: The Spherical-to-Wormlike Micelle Transition.","authors":"Owen Watts Moore, Thomas Andrew Waigh, Philip Martin, Cesar Mendoza, Harvey Brimelow, John Naughton, Adam Kowalski","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00045","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personal care products are often dynamically formulated <i>in situ</i>. Variations in the chemistry of the base components (e.g., their polydispersities or ionic contents) require extensive off-line rheological analysis to ensure the products meet benchmarks for performance and thus consumer satisfaction. An in-line alternative for rheological quality control and monitoring thus has the potential to improve efficiency on industrial pipelines. Therefore, we demonstrate optical coherence tomography velocimetry (OCT-V) for the in-line processing of a shampoo based on SLES and CAPB with varying concentrations of salt. OCT-V is a noninvasive quasi-elastic light scattering technique, capable of spatially resolved velocity measurements with an axial depth resolution of 9 μm and a penetration depth of 1.5 mm into the samples. Our in-line apparatus uses infrared light (the wavelength is 1315 nm) and has been optimized for live manufacturing with a 200 L test rig at the Unilever R<i>&</i>D lab. The addition of salt to the shampoo is used for <i>in situ</i> formulation to increase the viscosity, inducing the spherical-to-wormlike micelle transition. To create in-line rheological benchmarks, we measured time averaged velocity profiles and transient velocity fluctuations in the shampoo formulations at imposed flow rates of <i>Q</i> = 500 and 1000 L/h. For a shampoo formulation with 1.1<i>%</i> NaCl salt, fits of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation to velocity profile data give flow rates that are in close agreement with the imposed values, <i>Q</i> _<i>HP</i> = 502 ± 2 L/h and 944 ± 4 L/h, corresponding to a 0.4<i>%</i> and 5.6<i>%</i> error, respectively. Combined with measurement of the longitudinal pressure drop, this could be used to calculate constitutive properties, such as the viscosity. The standard deviation of the distribution of transient velocity fluctuations is a decreasing function of salt concentration due to the increasing viscosity. If calibrated to the desired end product, the velocity fluctuations could also be used as a reproducible indicator of product quality on industrial pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"5 6","pages":"639-647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Mixtures of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Robust and Bespoke Passive Atmospheric Water Harvesting.","authors":"Charles Harriman, Qia Ke, Thijs J H Vlugt, Ashlee J Howarth, Cory M Simon","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00051","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a method to obtain clean water in remote or underdeveloped regions including, but not limited to, those with an arid or desert climate. For passive (i.e., relying on ambient cooling and, for heating, natural sunlightas opposed to an external power source), adsorbent-based AWH, an adsorbent bed is employed to capture water from cold, humid air at nighttime, while during the daytime the bed is then exposed to natural sunlight to heat it and desorb the water for collection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are tunable, nanoporous materials with suitable water adsorption properties for comprising this adsorbent bed. The water delivery by the MOF adsorbent bed in a passive AWH device depends on (1) the nighttime, capture conditions (temperature and humidity) and daytime, release conditions (temperature, humidity, and solar flux) and (2) the structure(s) of the MOF(s) comprising the bed, which dictate MOF-water interactions. Notably, the capture and release conditions vary from region-to-region and season-to-season and fluctuate from day-to-day, while different MOFs offer different water adsorption isotherms. Consequently, we propose (1) comprising the adsorbent bed for passive AWH with a <i>mixture</i> of MOFs and (2) tailoring this MOF mixture to particular geographic regions and time frames. We hypothesize each MOF in the mixture can specialize in delivering water under different capture and release conditions, ensuring the adsorbent bed delivers adequate water on every daydespite fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and solar flux. Herein, we develop an optimization framework to determine the total mass and composition of a MOF mixture for comprising a bespoke (i.e., tailored to a declared geographic region and time frame) adsorbent bed for robust (i.e., delivering adequate water every day) passive AWH. We combine weather data in the declared region, equilibrium water adsorption data in the candidate MOFs, and thermodynamic water adsorption models (as a simplifying assumption, we neglect heat and water transfer limitations) to frame a linear program expressing our optimal design principle: adjust the mass of each candidate MOF comprising the adsorbent bed to minimize mass (important for portability and a proxy for cost) while satisfying daily water delivery constraints. Based on case studies in the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts, we find (1) a mixed-MOF adsorbent bed can be, but is not always, lighter (e.g., ≈40% lighter) than the optimized single-MOF counterpart; and (2) the optimal composition and mass of the adsorbent bed differ by both geographic region and time frame. Finally, we visualize the linear program for a reduced problem with a two-dimensional design space to gain intuition, conduct a sensitivity analysis, and compare to an AWH field study. Our work is a starting point for optimizing the composition of bespoke adsorbent beds for robust, passive AWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"5 6","pages":"707-725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic Kinetics of Polyethylene Terephthalate Pyrolysis via Micropyrolysis and Multivariate Chromatographic Analysis.","authors":"Barbara Alejandra Perez, Hilal Ezgi Toraman","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides an in-depth investigation of the primary decomposition of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via pyrolysis, employing an experimental-analytic workflow that integrates design of experiments (DoE), micropyrolysis coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), and multivariate data analysis to verify intrinsic kinetic conditions and elucidate evolving product distributions for mapping key reaction pathways. Peaks that could not be identified using commercial spectral libraries were assigned using Mass Frontier simulations, enabling the identification of divinyl terephthalate, ethyl vinyl terephthalate, and 2-(benzoyloxy)-ethyl vinyl terephthalate. A polar×polar (non-orthogonal) column set tailored for the detection of carboxylic acids enhanced the quantification of benzoic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 4-ethylbenzoic acid, and methylbenzoic acid by up to 6-fold relative to an orthogonal column combination (non-polar×mid-polar). Moreover, pyrolysis variables were systematically evaluated using a Box-Behnken design (BBD), encompassing pyrolysis temperature (500-600 °C), sample weight (50-150 μg), and carrier gas flow rate (100-300 mL min^-1). Among these, pyrolysis temperature was the only statistically significant factor influencing product yields, ranging from 58.78 to 84.26 wt %. In contrast, neither the sample weight nor the carrier gas flow rate had a significant effect on product yields within the evaluated experimental space. At 600 °C, the major pyrolysis products were benzoic acid (up to 20.20 ± 1.46 wt %) and CO₂ (up to 21.28 ± 1.46 wt %), which can be produced through decarboxylation reactions. These findings underscore the critical importance of selecting appropriate analytical columns for the accurate quantification of heteroatom-containing products such as carboxylic acids, which may otherwise be underestimated or undetected due to their reactivity with the stationary phase of non-polar and mid-polar columns, as well as other GC components. They also highlight the importance of selecting pyrolysis conditions for investigating the primary decomposition of PET under an isothermal kinetically limited regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Efficient Electrochemical Urea Oxidation and Understanding Mechanism Insights of Co-Doped NiS","authors":"Prachi Upadhyay,&nbsp;Artina Deka and Sankar Chakma*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Urea electrooxidation serves as the core of urea-based fuel cells, urea electrolysis for energy generation, and urea-based wastewater treatment for environmental applications. This study emphasizes the development of electrocatalysts made from nickel–cobalt bimetallic sulfide, synthesized through an ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method, focusing on their capacity to oxidize urea under alkaline conditions. The objective was to reduce the onset potential for this reaction. These nickel–cobalt bimetallic sulfide catalysts were characterized by using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A notable decrease in overpotential was observed: 70 mV for Ni_0.75Co_0.25S and 130 mV for Ni_0.50Co_0.50S, compared to a Ni₁Co₀S electrode. Furthermore, the XPS analysis indicates that the ratio of Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺ is higher for Ni_0.75Co_0.25S than for other combinations, with Ni³⁺ acting as the primary active center for urea electrooxidation. This reduction in the onset potential for urea oxidation and the increase in Ni³⁺ on the nickel–cobalt bimetallic sulfide electrodes reveal significant potential for future applications in urea electrooxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29804,"journal":{"name":"ACS Engineering Au","volume":"5 4","pages":"450–467"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsengineeringau.5c00034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}