ACS Environmental Au最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Elevated Children’s Blood Lead Levels across Five U.S. States: A Statistical Approach to Improve Predictions and Understand Key Drivers","authors":"Matthew Dietrich,&nbsp;Rogelio Tornero-Velez,&nbsp;Valerie Zartarian,&nbsp;Lindsay W. Stanek","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00104","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gaps remain in the interpretability and real-world applicabilityof children’s elevated blood lead level (EBLL) predictive models,which are important for fostering efficient health intervention. Weproduced predictive statistical models using publicly available populationdata and children’s EBLL rates (≥5 or ≥3.5 μg/dL)at the United States (U.S.) census tract resolution from Michigan(2014–2016), Ohio (2014–2016), California (2018–2022),Minnesota (2017–2021), and Wisconsin (2018–2021). Spatialand nonspatial random forest and logistic regression models were developedfor each state to predict whether a census tract was above or belowthe 75th percentile EBLL rate. Spatial logistic regression modelsperformed the best based on overall predictive performance, evaluatedthrough a 10-fold cross-validation approach. Predictive accuracy rangedfrom 82% to 90%. The most influential final predictive variables foreach optimal model varied, but there were consistencies across states.For example, the percent of homes built before 1940 was significant(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) across all models, increasing the oddsof a tract having higher EBLL rates (between 1 and 7%). By accountingfor spatial autocorrelation, our modeling approach improves predictionsby capturing local clustering effects. This approach can be appliedelsewhere across the U.S. to inform prevention and mitigation actionsand make predictions where measured EBLLs are sparse.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"201–212"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Daily Gas Ebullition Flux in Waterways from Sediment Characteristics","authors":"Marzieh Mansouri,&nbsp;Karl J. Rockne","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00221","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gas ebullition playsa critical role in facilitating contaminanttransport from the sediment to the water column. Predicting gas ebullitionaccurately is necessary for managing sediments and assessing sediment/waterflux, and many researchers have published models to predict gas ebullitionin lakes, ponds, and rivers. The need for site-specific data and astrong emphasis on water column parameters in published models (ratherthan sediment data where gas ebullition occurs), coupled with thenarrow range of systems studied, limits the application of currentpublished methods to predict ebullition. This study develops machinelearning (ML) generalized models to predict gas ebullition accuratelyacross a diverse range of waterways under various ecohydrologicalconditions. Input data are common sediment parameters, depth and temperature,and gas ebullition flux rates acquired through various methods. Wetrained and evaluated Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), RandomForest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Neural Network (NN)models to predict gas flux using data from over 40 sites across allseasons. ML approaches significantly enhance prediction accuracy comparedto results predicted by ten published regression models, most of whichhad low/no predictive capability for the waterway data set. Amongthe ML models, the results show that RF and XGB performed significantlybetter (<em>r</em>² = 0.79 and 0.80, respectively),and temperature, COD/TOC ratio, and water depth are the most influentialparameters, consistent with known mechanisms of methane productionand sediment fracture. The results further show that currently publishedregression models for ebullition based on lacustrine systems havelittle predictive capability for waterways. The ability to predictgas ebullition accurately using commonly measured parameters suggestsimmense potential to enhance ebullition modeling, site assessment,and remediation design.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"273–282"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Electrospun Nanofiber Composites as Fast Equilibrium Passive Samplers: Integration of Surface Functionalities and Porosity to Improve Organic Chemical Uptake","authors":"Matthew R. Nagorzanski,&nbsp;Jiajie Qian,&nbsp;Sarah A. Crane,&nbsp;David M. Cwiertny,&nbsp;Andres Martinez","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00183","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite advances in passive sampling technologies, challengespersistin improving the selectivity, sensitivity, and response time. Thisstudy presents the fabrication and evaluation of electrospun nanofibermats (ENMs) embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with and withoutsurfactant modifications, as fast equilibrium passive sampling materials.We investigated the sorption and desorption behaviors of four commonsurface water contaminants: atrazine, metolachlor, diuron, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D). We demonstrated that ENMs modified with the cationicsurfactant tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) exhibited higher sorptionthan their unmodified PAN/CNT counterparts for all species, includinganionic 2,4-D, for which uptake increased by up to 45-fold. ENMs modifiedwith sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a leachable porogen, exhibitedgreater surface area and improved sorption of atrazine, metolachlor,and diuron, resulting in an 8- to 40-fold increase in uptake. Acrossformulations, sorption to CNT-containing ENMs was largely reversible,with stronger, more irreversible binding at higher CNT wt %. The optimalformulation of PAN/10 wt % COOH-CNT/20 wt % SDS exhibited rapid, reversiblesorption of atrazine, with 96% desorption after 48 h and fast equilibriumin response to changing solution concentrations. Field deploymentin an agriculturally impacted creek showed good agreement with grabsamples for atrazine (with ENM-derived concentrations within 5–40%of grab sample-derived concentrations) but overestimated metolachlorconcentrations (with ENM-derived concentrations up to 500% greaterthan grab sample-derived concentrations), which we attribute to metolachlor'sgreater hydrophobicity, resulting in more irreversible binding toCNTs. Although further refinement is needed, these findings highlightthe potential of ENM-CNT composites as novel materials for use asfast equilibrium passive samplers, especially for atrazine, and underscorethe importance of tailoring the ENM composition to target specificmicropollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"225–237"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublethal Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Novaluron on the Midgut Integrity and Survival of Adult Honey Bee Apis mellifera Workers","authors":"Mateus Soares de Oliveira,&nbsp;João Victor de Oliveira Motta,&nbsp;Davy Soares Gomes,&nbsp;Giovanna dos Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Gabriel Martins Pantoja,&nbsp;Laryssa Lemos da Silva,&nbsp;João Paulo Pimentel de Oliveira Cruz,&nbsp;José Eduardo Serrão","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00202","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The insect growth regulator novaluron is a benzoylureacompoundthat disrupts the polymerization of chitin filaments. It is commonlyused to control agricultural pests, particularly during their immaturestages, and is generally considered nontoxic to adult insects. However,there is a lack of studies addressing the potential side effects ofthis insecticide on nontarget organisms, such as pollinating bees.In honey bees, the midgut is the primary organ responsible for digestionand nutrient absorption, where ingested food is surrounded by theperitrophic matrix, a structure composed of chitin microfibrils, glycosaminoglycans,and glycoproteins synthesized by digestive cells along the midgut.This study investigated whether chronic oral exposure to novaluronaffects adult workers of the honey bee <em>Apis mellifera</em>. Specifically, we assessed the effects of the insecticide on thecomposition and permeability of the peritrophic matrix, the histopathologyof the midgut, and worker mortality. Bees exposed chronically to asublethal concentration of novaluron for 10 days showed reduced chitinlevels in the peritrophic matrix, which appeared disorganized anddiffuse, along with increased permeability of this barrier. Furthermore,exposed bees exhibited histopathological alterations in the midgutepithelium and elevated mortality rates. These findings indicate that,in the context of chronic oral exposure, commercial formulation ofthe insecticide novaluron, although classified as an insect growthregulator, is toxic to adult <em>A. mellifera</em> workersat the tissue level.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"238–246"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Surface Soil Organic Carbon in China: Novel Insights from Interpretable Machine Learning Coupled with Google Earth Engine","authors":"Yi Sun,&nbsp;Jin Ma,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhao,&nbsp;Zilun Gou,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Meiying Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00147","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil organic carbon(SOC) is crucial in climate changemitigation,yet its spatiotemporal patterns and regional heterogeneity in Chinaremain insufficiently resolved. By integrating field observationswith multisource satellite data, we mapped surface SOC dynamics at1 km for 1986–2023 using XGBoost (<em>R</em>² = 0.71, RMSE = 1.73 kg C m^–2, MAE = 1.21 kg Cm^–2). Model interpretability was advanced with Shapleyadditive explanation (SHAP) and piecewise structural equation modeling(piecewiseSEM) to identify key drivers and causal pathways. China’sSOC distribution exhibits pronounced heterogeneity and can be partitionedinto four regions. Regions I–II together hold 56.90% of nationalSOC stock while covering 43.24% of the area. Nationally, SOC increasedat 0.015 Pg C yr^–1 during 1986–2023, buttrends diverged regionally: Region I acted as a net carbon source,whereas Region II functioned predominantly as a sink. Soil propertiesgovern the spatial pattern of SOC (strongest direct effects), whileclimate exerts the greatest overall influence via both direct andindirect pathways. Total nitrogen (TN), temperature (Temp), and soilorganic matter (SOM) were the most influential drivers nationally.These findings underscore two policy priorities: (i) protect existingSOC-rich areas to achieve higher mitigation efficiency, and (ii) adoptregion-differentiated conservation and management strategies to enhanceland resilience and carbon sequestration under China’s dual-carbongoals.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"213–224"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Low-Friction Coatings Affect Microplastic Fiber Release When Laundering Coated and Uncoated Textiles Together","authors":"Luckya Xiao,&nbsp;Amanuel Goliad,&nbsp;Sudip Kumar Lahiri,&nbsp;Kevin Golovin","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00195","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laundering synthetictextiles releases a significant amount ofmicroplastic fibers (MPFs), a major contributor to plastic pollutionand one that poses numerous health hazards. When fabrics come intocontact during laundering, frictional abrasion eventually causes MPFsto break off and release into the environment when the wash wateris discharged. Certain polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-treated textileshave been shown to significantly reduce MPF release via a reductionin surface friction. However, the extent of MPF release when PDMS-coatedtextiles are washed with uncoated ones, the most likely real-worldscenario, has yet to be investigated. In this work, a PDMS-based coatingwas used as a finish for polyester fabrics that were laundered withthe same unfinished polyester fabric but dyed a different color suchthat MPF origin could be identified. To ensure the fabrics were incontact during the simulated laundering process, one piece of fabricwas adhered to the bottom of a crystallization dish, while the otherwas sewn around a magnetic stir bar. After laboratory simulated washing,the amount of MPFs released from the different colored fabrics wascounted. Both the fabric finish and the orientation were found toaffect MPF release. When the bottom fabric was finished and launderedwith the uncoated fabric surrounding the stir bar, MPF release wasreduced by 42% for the bottom fabric, 28% for the stir bar fabric,and 37% overall. When the orientation was reversed, MPF release wasreduced by 33% from the unfinished bottom fabric, 20% from the finishedstir bar fabric, and 27% overall. These findings suggest that MPFrelease can be reduced during laundering even when some of the textilesare unfinished and that these types of finishes can reduce MPF releasefrom unfinished fabrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"196–200"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magic Mushrooms? White-Rot Fungal Degradation of Psychoactive Pharmaceuticals in Biosolids","authors":"Kate Burgener,&nbsp;Carsten Prasse","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00258","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biosolids, the solidbyproducts of wastewater treatment,are widelyapplied to soils to enhance nutrient levels and organic matter. However,their use raises environmental and human health concerns due to thepresence of anthropogenic organic contaminants. As such, there isa need to develop treatment strategies that can help remove thesecompounds before biosolids are land applied. This study investigatesthe potential of two white-rot fungal species to remove nine psychoactivepharmaceuticals from biosolids. Each species degraded eight compounds,achieving removal efficiencies between 48 and 99% after 60 days. <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> nearly completely (&gt;90%) degradeddesvenlafaxine, trazodone, and citalopram, while <em>Trametesversicolor</em> achieved over 75% degradation of desvenlafaxine,trazodone, and lamotrigine. Liquid culture (without biosolids) andbiosolid experiments tentatively identified 41 fungal transformationproducts (27 for <em>P. ostreatus</em> and 36for <em>T. versicolor</em>), of which many wereformed from cleavage, hydroxylation, or demethylation reactions. Thesefindings demonstrate that white-rot fungi can effectively grow onbiosolids and degrade sorbed psychoactive pharmaceuticals. Overall,the results highlight mycoaugmentation as a promising and sustainableapproach for mitigating pharmaceutical contamination in biosolidsprior to land application.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"346–357"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147500052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Challenges in the Application of QSAR Models for Chemical Prioritization and Toxicity Assessment: A Case Study on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity in Environmental Pollutant Mixtures","authors":"Jiří Komprda,&nbsp;Katarína Lörinczová,&nbsp;Zuzana Toušová,&nbsp;Marie Smutná,&nbsp;Soňa Smetanová,&nbsp;Klára Komprdová,&nbsp;Klára Hilscherová","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00224","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complexity ofchemical mixtures in the environmentchallengestheir in-depth risk assessment due to the diverse compounds in useand the lack of experimental toxicity data. In silico models can beused to fill data gaps for compounds with unknown toxic potency. QSARmodels typically distinguish only between active and inactive compounds,providing no information about the levels of activity. In this study,a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modelthat classifies compounds into multiple activity levels was developedto address data gaps in the levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated(AhR) activity of compounds commonly detected in environmental samples.Its practical applicability has been demonstrated on highly complexmixtures of aquatic pollutants from the Joined Danube Survey to prioritizethe most relevant compounds for experimental assessment. The model’sperformance showed high sensitivity and specificity, with weightedoverall accuracy ranging from 77 to 87%. The combination of experimentaland QSAR predicted data was used to calculate site-specific AhR activity,which was compared to the overall AhR activity detected by in vitrobioassays. Experimental testing confirmed the ability of the QSARmodel to identify compounds with high AhR activity, including benzonaphthothiophene,perylene, acridone, and triphenylene, and prioritize the most relevantsuspected effect drivers. Our model can predict toxic potency andthus prioritize the potential bioactive compounds based on specificactivity levels. Our study shows that when QSAR models are used forcompound prioritization, several factors must be considered: cytotoxicity,solubility, the high rate of false positives for low-toxicity compounds,and the model’s applicability domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"295–309"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147500018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc Speciation in Fine and Coarse Fly Ash Particles Collected In-Flight at a Waste Incinerator","authors":"Evelina Gorjatšova,&nbsp;Fanny Bergman,&nbsp;Kajsa G. V. Sigfridsson Clauss,&nbsp;Nils Skoglund,&nbsp;Karin Karlfeldt Fedje,&nbsp;Jenny Rissler","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00222","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Safe and optimized utilization of waste-to-energy (WtE)fly ash(FA) requires a detailed understanding of the physicochemical propertiesof its metal constituents. This study provides a comprehensive analysisof the chemical form of Zn in fine (&lt;1 μm) and coarse (&gt;1μm) FA particles, hypothesized to originate from different formationmechanisms. Size-selective aerosol sampling was performed during standardoperation in the flue gas channel at a WtE facility. Additionally,FA samples from the air pollution control filters at the facilityand boiler deposits were analyzed. Speciation was determined primarilyusing synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy, complementedby XRD, SEM-EDS, and total elemental analysis. Significant differencesin terms of elemental composition, crystalline phases, and Zn chemicalforms were observed between fine- and coarse FA particles. Fine particleswere dominated by Cl, K, and Na with Zn almost exclusively presentas potassium zinc chlorides. Coarse particles were heterogeneous,with Zn occurring in stable forms such as aluminate, ferrite, andsilicates (e.g., gehlenite). The major elemental constituents wereCa, Si, and Al. Although coarse particles constitute the major massof the FA, about 50% of the Zn was found in the fine fraction. Thesefindings support strategies for efficient secondary use and recyclingof FA, such as targeted Zn extraction from fine particles and potentialutilization of the Ca-rich coarse particles in construction, reducingthe reliance on virgin materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 2","pages":"283–294"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coconut Shell Waste-Derived Porous Carbon-Supported Sn Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid and Deuterated Formic Acid","authors":"Chen Qin,&nbsp;Gevindu Masakorala,&nbsp;Muhammed Mohideen,&nbsp;Thisus Samarasekara,&nbsp;Long Zhang,&nbsp;Wenlei Zhu,&nbsp;Yang Zhou,&nbsp;Charitha Thambiliyagodage","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00213","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrial-level electrochemical CO₂ reductionreaction(CO₂RR) to form HCOO^– and DCOO^– requires robust Sn catalysts with high performance. In this study,the hydrothermal method was employed to load varying amounts of Snprecursors onto waste biomass-derived porous carbon to investigatethe structure–activity relationship between Sn loading formsand HCOO^– selectivity. Through comprehensive <em>ex</em>/<em>in situ</em> characterizations, we discoveredthat with 5% Sn precursor addition, highly dispersed SnO₂ nanoparticles formed on the carbon support, enabling the catalystto exhibit exceptional HCOO^– activity (Faradaicefficiency exceeding 90%) across a broad potential window. <em>In situ</em> attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and <em>in situ</em> Raman spectroscopyrevealed that the highly dispersed SnO₂ nanoparticles enhancethe stability of the *OCHO intermediate. Furthermore, when H₂O was replaced with D₂O, the generation of DCOO^– was observed, and good selectivity was maintained. This study providesa facile strategy for waste biomass conversion and the design of Sn-basedcatalysts for DCOO^– production.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 1","pages":"144–153"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}