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Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children最新文献

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Conclusion: 结论:
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.13
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引用次数: 0
List of Figures 数字一览表
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.3
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引用次数: 0
Operation Pedro Pan and the Children Who Could Fly 佩德罗·潘行动和会飞的孩子们
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.10
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Children Who Could Fly","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.10","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 considers who initiated the airlift and how it was organized. This chapter suggests parents had many varied motives for sending their children to Miami. After the nationalization of education in Cuba, some Cubans regarded Operation Pedro Pan and the Cuban Children’s Program, which was set up by Father Bryan Walsh of the Catholic Welfare Bureau and funded by the federal government, as a free, all-expenses paid beca (or scholarship) to a U.S. private school. Other parents wanted to prevent their children from becoming involved in pro-government political activities, such as the literacy campaign, or alternatively become young anti-Castro activists. The author argues that the special visa waiver scheme for unaccompanied minors acted to encourage family separation rather than assist the emigration of Cubans as family groups, and that Catholic clergy, if not the Catholic church as an institution, played a significant role in promoting and organizing this scheme.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121443755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Revolutionary Hurricane Sweeps Cuba 革命飓风席卷古巴
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.7
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"A Revolutionary Hurricane Sweeps Cuba","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the countervailing forces within Cuban society that were exposed as a revolutionary hurricane swept the island after the 1959 Revolution. It discusses the revolutionary government’s social reforms regarding child care, the nationalization of education, race relations, and gender equality, and argues that the revolutionary project initiated in January 1959 was essentially a process of economic and cultural transformation, an assertion of a vision of a New Cuba and a New Cuban. This challenged the values of more affluent Cubans who were more likely to be influenced by U.S. culture, the Catholic church, and Cold War tropes about communism’s threat to the patriarchal family and children’s minds. In drawing young Cubans into the literacy campaign, the new government encouraged them to see themselves as contributing to the revolutionary project.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128508628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
List of Abbreviations 缩略语一览表
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.5
{"title":"List of Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124901059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Back Matter 回到问题
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.17
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引用次数: 0
Alfabeticemos! Let’s Teach Literacy! Alfabeticemos !让我们一起来教识字吧!
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.8
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"Alfabeticemos! Let’s Teach Literacy!","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Cuban revolutionary government prioritized education reform as the key to lifting the country out of underdevelopment and creating a new political culture of participatory democracy, epitomized by the 1961 literacy campaign. Fidel Castro’s opponents, however, regarded this campaign as evidence of the “communist indoctrination” by the government of young Cubans and were therefore determined to “save” as many children as possible by sending them to Miami until Castro was ousted. This chapter takes a detailed look at how the battle for the hearts and minds of the next generation unfolded with the mobilization of 100,000 teenagers as literacy brigadistas to teach in the mountains and remote parts of the island. It examines the objectives of the campaign, the recruitment propaganda used to mobilize the Conrado Benítez brigades, how the campaign affected relations between parents and children, and the impact that participation in the campaign had on a generation of revolutionary youth.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130629359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pedro Pan Paradox 佩德罗·潘悖论
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.12
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"The Pedro Pan Paradox","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the many myths and contradictions in common understandings of Operation Pedro Pan. Although people on the island often regard the exodus as a criminal act against the Cuban revolution, no children were prevented from leaving and no one was ever charged or imprisoned for organizing their departures. This chapter also discusses how the story of the “rescue” mission became an ideological foundation of the Cuban-American community in the United States and how, ironically, in the 1999–2000 international custody battle over the refugee child Elián González, a Cuban father’s right of patria potestad was temporarily overturned by the toxic exile politics of Miami’s Cuban community. The author also explains how some young Cuban-Americans, many of them former Pedro Pans, later took the initiative to establish the Antonio Maceo Brigade in order to reconnect with their Cuban roots, despite threats of physical attacks (and even murder, in the case of Carlos Muñiz) by anti-Castro terrorist groups, such as Omega 7.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128715998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Patria Potestad Hoax
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.9
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"The Patria Potestad Hoax","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the impact in Cuba of Cold War propaganda about the family and communism. It investigates the origins of the rumor campaign maintaining that the Cuban revolutionary government planned to eliminate patria potestad (parental authority) and make all Cuban children wards of the state. The rumors were backed up by the printing and circulation of a fake law by the anti-Castro movement. The author examines how this hoax was also spread through sensational news broadcasts on the CIA’s Radio Swan and through other psychological warfare (or psywar) propaganda, along with pronouncements by Catholic clergy, and considers why this fearmongering was so effective in convincing many Cuban parents to send their children out of the country with Operation Pedro Pan.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116726597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dark Side of Neverland 梦幻岛的黑暗面
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.11
Deborah Shnookal
{"title":"The Dark Side of Neverland","authors":"Deborah Shnookal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdxzr.11","url":null,"abstract":"Operation Pedro Pan is shown in this chapter to be both the result of and an integral part of the CIA’s covert action program to undermine and overthrow the revolutionary government in Cuba, beginning with the attempted invasion at the Bay of Pigs and later with Operation Mongoose. The author describes how the children’s departures were dependent on the anti-Castro movement networks run by Ramon Grau and others closely linked to the CIA. She also shows how the Pedro Pan children were used in Washington’s international propaganda war against the Cuban revolution and in the United States as a response to domestic resentment against Cuban refugees, as well as how the young Cubans were even regarded as potential “freedom fighters” or spies against Castro.","PeriodicalId":297714,"journal":{"name":"Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114707433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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