Science & Technique最新文献

{"title":"Directions for Improving Business Models of Industrial Enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the Context of Digitalization","authors":"S. Solodovnikov, T. Serhiyevich.","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-437-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-437-450","url":null,"abstract":"Directions for improving the business models of industrial enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the context of digitalization have been developed. Studies of the theoretical foundations of business models transformation have been carried out in the industry. To achieve this goal, tasks such as identifying the specifics of the digital transformation of an industrial enterprise, studying the prerequisites for the transformation of business models of industrial enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the context of digitalization, developing and essentially characterizing areas for improving the business models of industrial enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the context of digitalization. The materials used are the works of domestic and foreign scientists-economists, data from research reports performed by the authors, and national statistical data. The systematic and institutional approaches, analysis and synthesis have been applied. A methodological approach has been developed to transform the business model under the influence of digitalization as to the process of irreversible qualitative changes in the mechanism of reproduction of the use value of the economic system, due to the introduction of digital technologies and tools in production and business processes, in systems of interaction with other participants in the value chain and consumers, as well as in the goods or services themselves. This made it possible to explore the possibilities of transforming business models under the influence of digitalization of the interaction of an enterprise with other participants in the value chain (network) and the state; interaction between the enterprise and the consumer; improvement of internal production and business processes, including creation of digital services. Technical-technological and organizational-economic relations at an industrial enterprise are considered as factors in the digitalization of its business model. As prerequisites for the transformation of business models of industrial enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the context of digitalization, the following were identified: an increase in the access of industrial enterprises to computing power, high-speed data transfer, and cloud technologies;  a positive dynamics of indicators of digitalization of the Belarusian economy and society, digitalization of the sphere of public administration and interactions “state-business” and “state-population”. All this, as a result of the study, made it possible to develop directions for improving the business models of industrial enterprises in the Republic of Belarus in the context of digitalization.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127268415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving of Functioning Stability of Current Measuring Elements in Microprocessor Protections","authors":"F. Romaniuk, V. Rumiantsev, Y. Rumiantsev","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-419-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-419-425","url":null,"abstract":"In the measuring elements of the current of microprocessor protection, the controlled values are usually the effective values of the fundamental harmonic of the currents. They are determined by the orthogonal components of the input signals, which are formed by digital Fourier filters. Due to the inertia of these filters, the time for obtaining reliable effective values is one or more periods of the input current, which mainly determines the speed of the measuring element. When the frequency of the input signal deviates from the nominal value, its effective values become oscillatory. As a result of this, unstable functioning of the specified organ may occur at current values that are close to the operation and return areas. To increase the speed of the measuring body, it is proposed to determine the effective value of the current by multiplying its value obtained using the orthogonal Fourier components by a correction factor. To ensure the stable functioning of the current organ, it is recommended to filter the effective current value using a digital moving average filter. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed solutions has been carried out by the method of computational experiment using thedynamic simulation environment MATLAB-Simulink. The proposed solutions provide an increase in the speed of the current measuring organs and their stable operation when the frequency deviates from the nominal. As a result of the research, it has been found that the proposed digital current measuring organ in comparison with an organ based on the Fourier algorithm has a speed of 1.4-2 times greater. In addition, it functions stably both under the condition when the tripping current is less than the fault current, and in the case when the indicated currents are comparable when the frequency deviates from the nominal by ±2 Hz. The proposed digital measuring body can be used in many microprocessor-based current protection of electric installations.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Support for Assessing Development Level of Logistics Infrastructure","authors":"R. Ivut, P. Popov, P. I. Lapkovskaya, O. Merkulova","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-426-435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-426-435","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a study in the field of assessing the level of development of the logistics infrastructure of the regions. The analysis of existing approaches and methods for assessing the logistics infrastructure revealed that most of them take into account mainly the transport component of the logistics infrastructure, and the financial and information components are represented by indicators of foreign direct investment in human capital and the cost of logistics facilities. At the same time, the assessment of some indicators is carried out by researchers mainly with the help of expert methods. To assess the level of development of the logistics infrastructure of the regions of the Republic of Belarus for the purpose of their comparative analysis and study of the dynamics, a methodology has been developed for assessing the logistics infrastructure of the regions. In order to eliminate the identified features of existing approaches to the assessment of the logistics infrastructure, the methodology presented by the authors used indicators that describe the development of both the transport and storage, information and financial components of the logistics infrastructure using economic and mathematical methods for processing and evaluating data. After selecting indicators and collecting data on them, an assessment was made of the correspondence of the distribution of indicator values in the sample to the normal distribution law using the Kolmogorov – Smirnov criterion with a check for multicollinearity. Further, all indicators were transferred to one measurement scale and the internal consistency of the indicators was checked using the a-Cronbach coefficient. To test the developed methodology, a comparison was made of the logistics infrastructure of the regions of the Republic of Belarus and an assessment of its dynamics based on data for 2015, 2018 and 2021, using factor analysis. Calculations for all stages of the developed methodology were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Рeculiarities of Functioning of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship at the Modern Stage of Economic Development","authors":"N. A. Kisseleva","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-436-443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-436-443","url":null,"abstract":"A significant reserve for ensuring the socio-economic development of the Republic of Belarus is the rational use of the entrepreneurial potential of business entities as an important component of the economic policy of the state. The paper analyzes the main theoretical approaches to the definition of entrepreneurial activity. The versatility of approaches creates difficulties in formulating a universal term due to the change in the content of this category in the process of development of economic science. The paper proposes the author's definition of entrepreneurial activity, taking into account the modern features of its development. The value added indicator has been introduced into the concept, which will allow taking into account a part of the cost of goods (works, services) incremented by the organization, as well as assessing the efficiency of the regional economy. The development of integration processes and the fragmentation of production activities increase the number of participants in the production chain from different countries that create intermediate imports, which include the added value segmented by them. Consequently, the country's gain from foreign trade, its export and technological potential will be largely determined by the added value it creates. This kind of assessment becomes the most demanded in the analysis of trade indicators of business entities, including their foreign trade. The main criteria for classifying enterprises as large, medium and small have been analyzed in the paper. In different countries, quantitative criteria are not the same, the initial criterion is the number of employees. The difficulty in determining the criteria lies in the fact that they cannot be equivalent for all sectors of the economy and for individual countries, since there is a dependence on established practice and the goals of state policy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses. An accurate description of business entities in terms of size will make it possible to identify their features, patterns of development, advantages and disadvantages. An additional quantitative criterion for referring to business entities in the Republic of Belarus is proposed – gross revenue.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114113755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparative Study of the Development on Prefabricated Construction","authors":"V. Gurinovich","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-397-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-397-409","url":null,"abstract":"Prefabricated construction is one of the most intensively developing areas of research in the field of construction and building technology in the world. The results of the scientometric analysis prefabricated construction are presents in this paper. The purpose of the scientometric analysis was to study the directions and effectiveness of research, to determine the leading countries, organizations, scientific journals, to define the level of prefabricated construction in the Republic of Belarus in the context of economically developed countries. The scientometric analysis was carried out in the analytical system SciVal with the use visualization tools, quantitative and qualitative scientometric metrics. Growth of the number of publications in the field of prefabricated construction and indicators of analyzed scientometrics metrics confirms the fact that prefabricated construction attracts more and more researchers all over the world and is a promising direction of scientific research. Determined that design and informational modeling, organization of construction and precast structures production, delivery of structures to the construction site and their assembly, including reliability, efficiency, environmental friendliness of prefabricated construction are main topics in the field of prefabricated construction. At the same time, topics in the field of research of technologies and organization production of reinforced concrete elements in plant, production management are given less attention, which requires further research in these areas. The results of the scientometric analysis allow us to identify trends, determine priority areas for further research and their connection with other fields of science, and can be a scientific basis for identifying data gaps in current research in the field of prefabricated construction.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131238695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Technology for Processing Optical Parts","authors":"проф . А . С Докт . техн . наук, Козерук, наук, М . И . Филонова, В . О . Кузнечик, В . П . Шевченко, Т . С . Якубович, A. S. Kozeruk, M. Filonova, V. О. Kuznechik, V. P. Shevchenko, T. S. Yakubovich","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-361-366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-361-366","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of modern technology for processing lenses for optical devices are noted. Among these problems, the temperature deformation in the process of blocking with adhesive resin has the greatest effect on the quality of parts. It is substantiated that this problem can be solved using a technology that allows simultaneously processing both surfaces of the lens blank when it is fixed to the non-working surface using a photopolymer resin that hardens under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. A scheme of a device for implementing the proposed technology for processing parts with executive spherical surfaces, in particular lenses, with their vertical orientation in the processing zone, which improves the distribution of the abrasive suspension during shaping and thereby increases the intensity of stock removal, is proposed in the paper. Mathematical modeling of the nature of the processing of spherical surfaces of parts of optical devices under the conditions of a power circuit has been performed and a formula has been obtained for calculating the friction paths in the zone of contact between the tool and the surface to be machined. The use of this expression makes it possible to identify the optimal modes of lens shaping, which provide satisfactory quality and the level of intensity of stock removal.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122659344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Localization of License Plate for Car in Wolfram Mathematica","authors":"M. Hundzina, M. N. Zhdanovich","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-367-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-367-373","url":null,"abstract":"Modern imaging devices make it possible to solve a complex of technical applied problems that require the synthesis and analysis of computer processing methods using threshold binarization, image classification, clustering, and the use of machine  learning to determine  areas of interest.  Thus,  segmentation  algorithms are widely  used for processing  medical  images. Computer technologies are used for the functioning of the intellectual environment, which allows to analyze the state of human health. The development of microelectronics makes it possible to increase the complexity of the applied image processing algorithms used to solve applied engineering problems. The issues of segmentation, pattern recognition, description and presentation of details, morphological analysis of images obtained by industrial equipment are widely discussed in the literature. For example, theories of optical signal processing taking into account interference, issues of image perception and analysis are presented in detail in domestic and foreign literature. The paper describes the  developed algorithm for localizing a car license plate, implemented in the Wolfram Mathematica system. First, the region of interest is determined, isolated from the rest of the image for its subsequent processing. An image representation is implemented using an affine transformation. Further segmentation of the characters on the license plate allows the characters to be identified. In the Mathematica system, a program code for the car license plate localization  algorithm  for its further recognition  has been  developed. The solution to the problem was obtained using the step-by-step application of the built-in and user-defined functions of the Wolfram Mathematica system. The algorithm has been tested on a representative sample of images. The average error did not exceed 10 %, which is in line with modern industrial image processing algorithms. The resulting car license plate identification algorithm can be used in digital devices to automatically determine and further image processing.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133172154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Concreting – Compositions, Techniques and Properties of Mixtures","authors":"Yu. D. Samuilov, V. M. Trepachko, E. I. Batyanovskiy","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-374-385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-5-374-385","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reflects the problems of 3D-concreting technology, which is developing quite intensively in modern conditions of construction production. The most important condition for its practical implementation is the development of concrete mixture compositions that provide the necessary rheological (technological) properties for  formation of products, elements of building structures or the structure as a whole, as well as providing the required pace of work and physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of the hardened concrete. At the initial stage of research carried out in the Research and Testing Laboratory of Concrete and Building Materials of the Belarusian National Technical University a number of concrete mixtures compositions were developed that are designed and provide the necessary conditions for the implementation of 3D-concreting of  self-supporting and  load-bearing structural elements respectively, in the manufacture of  products of  small architectural forms and  the erection (arrangement) of building structures for various purposes. A methodology has been developed and implemented for the selection of a rational granulometric composition of  aggregate,  type, properties and amount of  binder, chemical and mineral additives, together providing the required technological properties of concrete mixtures after they have been mixed with water. Original methods for assessing the rheological properties of water-soluble concrete mixtures and their changes over time,  leading to an increase in the plastic strength of molded concrete, as well as a method for calculating the rate of concrete work depending on the properties of the concrete mixtures used, are proposed and experimentally substantiated. As a result, prerequisites have been created for further expansion of a number of  compositions of dry concrete mixes  taking into account their purpose for 3D-concreting, and for  developing  methods and evaluating  the physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of hardened concrete, taking into consideration the purpose of manufactured products and erected (arranged) building structures.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"59 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120864463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Method for Optimization of Diagnostic Algorithms for Car Engines","authors":"I. A. Serebryakov","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-331-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-331-339","url":null,"abstract":"In modern practice of diagnosing complex technical devices, along with developing built-in diagnostic systems, a wide niche is still occupied by troubleshooting based on logical patterns. Logical algorithms for troubleshooting are the basis for diagnostic maps of car power plants. They do not always have an optimal structure in terms of achieving the lowest cost and time indicators of the diagnostic process. Thus, the problem of structural optimization of logical diagnostic algorithms is relevant, as well as the formation of a simple and understandable standardized procedure for optimizing diagnostic algorithms. The paper substantiates the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of a diagnostic algorithm and the structure of the initial data for calculating the criterion. Variants of visual formalization of a diagnostic map are proposed in order to increase visibility and carry out further actions to optimize its structure, as well as options for formalizing visual information in digital form for its processing by computing means. The procedure for optimizing the structure in the JavaScript programming language has been developed and implemented. The reverse transition from a digital form to graphic one is described, which will immediately introduce the results into the practice of car service organizations. An analysis of a sample of 22 diagnostic maps has shown that the proposed optimization method will reduce the average cost of diagnostics up to 17 %.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116348271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of Parameters of Technological Equipment of Hydraulic Elevator Installation for Removing Sand Plugs from Wells","authors":"J. Medvedeva, V. V. Ivashechkin, E. S. Satsuta","doi":"10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-281-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-281-289","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the technological scheme of the hydraulic elevator installation, according to which water from a pressure tank is supplied by a working pump to the well through two parallel pipelines: a hydraulic monitor with a washing nozzle for destroying a sand plug and a supply pipeline that is connected to the working nozzle of a hydraulic elevator containing suction and supply pipelines for taking slurry and cleaning single- and double-column water wells from sand plugs The methodology for calculation and selection of parameters of technological equipment of the installation is given. Based on the compiled equations of fluid motion along the supply pipeline with an active nozzle and the hydraulic monitoring pipeline with a scouring nozzle, expressions have been obtained for constructing the pressure characteristics of these pipelines. A graphic-analytical method is proposed for determining water flow rates in them by constructing the characteristics of a working pump and pipelines and finding the coordinates of the operating point. By varying the parameters of the pipelines and the characteristics of the working pump, without changing the parameters of the jet pump-hydraulic elevator, the values of the useful lifting height of the hydraulic elevator were calculated, which has made it possible to select two options for the technological equipment of the hydraulic elevator installation (for polypropylene and steel pipes) for removing sand plugs from water wells with a maximum depth of 50 and 75 m.","PeriodicalId":297325,"journal":{"name":"Science & Technique","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}