Hepatology Forum最新文献

{"title":"Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C who had sustained viral response following direct-acting antiviral therapy.","authors":"Berat Ebik,&nbsp;Mustafa Aygan,&nbsp;Elif Tugba Tuncel,&nbsp;Huseyin Kacmaz,&nbsp;Nazim Ekin,&nbsp;Medeni Arpa,&nbsp;Kendal Yalcin","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Several studies have suggested that treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be associated with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the incidence and risk factors of HCC in HCV patients who achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) following DAA therapies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The medical data of patients who were diagnosed with HCV and received DAA therapy in two tertiary centers in Turkey were retrospectively collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among them, 75 patients (52.4%) were noncirrhotic and 68 patients (47.6%) were cirrhotic. The overall SVR rate was 97.2% (139/143). It was 100% in noncirrhotic and 94.1% in cirrhotic patients. HCC was developed in 5 (7.4%) patients, all of whom had baseline cirrhosis. The annual rate of HCC occurrence was 2.94%, and the 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 7.3%. The mean Child-Pugh score (CPS) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score significantly decreased after DAA treatment (CPS 7.0 vs 5.9, p=0.001; MELD 10.8 vs 9.5, p=0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant increase in the rate of HCC in cirrhotic HCV patients treated with DAAs. This treatment led to a remarkably high SVR rate and lowered CPS and MELD scores in cirrhotic HCV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/d2/hf-3-082.PMC9510740.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NSAID-associated drug-induced liver injury prior to and following liver transplantation.","authors":"Mesut Gumussoy,&nbsp;Hale Gokcan,&nbsp;Emin Bodakci,&nbsp;Saba Kiremitci,&nbsp;Berna Savas,&nbsp;Ramazan Idilman","doi":"10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0050","url":null,"abstract":"Case Report A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to the outpatient clinic for nausea, jaundice, and dark-colored urine in July 2019. He has been taking dexketoprofen/diclofenac sodium twice a week for headaches. He consumed 25 packs of cigarettes per year and 60–70 g of alcohol per week for 2 years. On his physical examination, he was icteric and had mild epigastric tenderness. At that time, his serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 897 U/L (0–50) and 1799 U/L (0–50), respectively. His serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was 141 U/L (40–130), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) 158 U/L (10–71), total bilirubin 7.4 mg/dL (0.1–1.2), direct bilirubin 4.3 mg/dL, and albumin 2.7 g/dL (3.5–5.2). INR was 1.32. Serological studies for viral hepatitis, autoimmune panel, and metabolic panel were all normal. We diagnosed NSAID-induced toxic hepatitis. After the drug was discontinued, his laboratory values returned to the normal range. He was discharged with normal liver tests. The patient was admitted to our clinic with jaundice 45 days after he was discharged. He was on intermittent NSAIDs. His serum AST and ALT levels were 1391 U/L and 1680 U/L, respectively. His serum ALP level was 113 U/L, GGT 104 U/L, total bilirubin 18.2 mg/dL, and direct bilirubin 14.2 mg/dL. His INR was 3.1. Medical supportive treatment was initiated. Hepatic encephalopathy was developed on the seventh day of hospitalization, and INR was 5.0. Plasmapheresis was started. His clinical status and encephalopathy worsened. Living donor liver transplantation was performed on the 16th day of admission. Explant liver pathology was revealed with submassive necrosis characterized by severe liver parenchyma loss accompanied by a marked ductular reaction and regenerative nodule (Fig. 1a, b). He was discharged from the hospital in Oct 2019. During the posttransplant follow-up period, liver test abnormality was detected. His serum AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT levels were 407 U/L, 729 U/L, 250 U/L, and GGT 280 U/L, respectively. His total bilirubin level was 2.1 mg/dL. He was on flurbiprofen 2–3 times a month for headaches. Liver biopsy was performed. Liver biopsy revealed mild portal and lobular inflammatory lesion combined with a cholestatic reaction was remarkable biopsy findings were primarily compatible with drug-induced injury (Fig. 2). Methylprednisolone was started with a dose of 1 mg/kg per day. His aminotransferase levels were decreased, but cholestatic parameters were stable. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed biliary stenosis on the anastomotic site. A plastic biliary stent was placed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The patient is currently very well with normal liver tests. Dear Editor,","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/5d/hf-3-108.PMC9510739.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-free methylation of RASSF1 and CDKN2AIP genes in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis.","authors":"Pelin Telli,&nbsp;Nazli Begum Ozturk,&nbsp;Mehmet Tolgahan Hakan,&nbsp;Bilger Cavus,&nbsp;Asli Cifcibasi Ormeci,&nbsp;Aysun Yakut,&nbsp;Volkan Senkal,&nbsp;Ziya Imanov,&nbsp;Arzu Poyanli,&nbsp;Emine Goknur Isik,&nbsp;Kadir Demir,&nbsp;Fatih Besisik,&nbsp;Sabahattin Kaymakoglu,&nbsp;Ilhan Yaylim,&nbsp;Filiz Akyuz","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation of tumor suppressor genes are emerging potential biomarkers in HCC. We aimed to evaluate the cfDNA methylation status of RASSF1 and CDKN2AIP genes in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without HCC caused by HBV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 47 patients with HBV cirrhosis were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: HCC and LC (HCC+LC, n=22) and HBV cirrhosis only (LC, n=25). cfDNA was isolated from the plasma samples of the patients. Methylation analysis was performed for RASSF1 and CDKN2AIP genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean methylation percentage of CDKN2AIP gene was 0.001±0.004% in the HCC+LC group and 0.008±0.004 % in the LC only group. The mean methylation percentage of RASSF1 gene was 5.1±16.1% in the HCC+LC group and 9.7±25.9% in the LC only group. The methylation rate of CDKN2AIP was significantly lower in the HCC+LC group (p=0.027). A positive correlation was found with the absence of cfDNA methylation of CDKN2AIP gene in the presence of HCC (R=0.667, p=0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>cfDNA methylation of CDKN2AIP and RASSF1 genes may provide important diagnostic information regarding the development of HCC in the setting of HBV cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/f2/hf-3-077.PMC9510732.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver transplantation in developing countries.","authors":"Nazli Begum Ozturk,&nbsp;Haris Muhammad,&nbsp;Merve Gurakar,&nbsp;Alperen Aslan,&nbsp;Ahmet Gurakar,&nbsp;Doan Dao","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increasing incidence and prevalence of end-stage liver disease, demand for donor grafts continues to increase. Approaches on maximizing the potential donor grafts vary depending on the region. This review aims to summarize the current practice of liver transplantation with an emphasis on challenges encountered in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/86/hf-3-103.PMC9510741.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study.","authors":"Fatih Guzelbulut,&nbsp;Umit Karaogullarindan,&nbsp;Hikmet Akkiz,&nbsp;Engin Altintas,&nbsp;Coskun Ozer Demirtas,&nbsp;Ozgur Bahadir,&nbsp;Caglayan Keklikkiran,&nbsp;Abdullah Emre Yildirim,&nbsp;Mesut Gumussoy,&nbsp;Hatice Rizaoglu Balci,&nbsp;Pinar Gokcen,&nbsp;Dilara Turan Gokce,&nbsp;Cem Simsek,&nbsp;Ilker Turan,&nbsp;Guray Can,&nbsp;Volkan Gokbulut,&nbsp;Serkan Yaras,&nbsp;Gupse Adali,&nbsp;Remzi Adnan Akdogan,&nbsp;Ufuk Avcioglu,&nbsp;Mehmet Demir,&nbsp;Hamdi Levent Doganay,&nbsp;Sezgin Vatansever,&nbsp;Hale Sumer,&nbsp;Feyza Dilber,&nbsp;Meral Akdogan Kayhan,&nbsp;Hatice Yasemin Balaban,&nbsp;Halis Simsek,&nbsp;Osman Cavit Ozdogan,&nbsp;Ulus Salih Akarca,&nbsp;Zeki Karasu,&nbsp;Fulya Gunsar,&nbsp;Ramazan Idilman","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to examine the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by underlying cause and determine the characteristics and clinical features of patients with HCC.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study comprised 1802 HCC patients diagnosed and followed up by Liver Diseases Outpatient Clinics in 14 tertiary centers in Turkey between 2001 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 62.3±10.7 years, and 78% of them were males. Of the patients, 82% had cirrhosis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was the most common etiology (54%), followed by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (19%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (10%). Of the patients, 56% had a single lesion. Macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic spread were present in 15% and 12% of the patients, respectively. The median serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 25.4 ng/mL. In total, 39% of the patients fulfilled the Milan Criteria. When we compared the characteristics of patients diagnosed before and after January 2016, the proportion of NAFLD-related HCC cases increased after 2016, from 6.6% to 13.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic HBV and HCV infections remain the main causes of HCC in Turkey. The importance of NAFLD as a cause of HCC is increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/74/hf-3-071.PMC9510736.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative care in cirrhotic patients: Brief summary of recent AASLD guidance.","authors":"Osman Cavit Ozdogan","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palliative care in decompensated cirrhotic patients is a developing concept which should be used in cirrhotic patients during the advanced and terminal stages. Hepatologists and liver transplant teams mostly ignore the patients palliative care issues while intensively dealing with the liver diseases and its complications. This review is a brief summary of the recently published guidance discussing the palliative care, symptom based treatments and end of life with a collaborative and standartized approach which is recommended to all health care workers of cirrhotic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"100-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/07/hf-3-100.PMC9510738.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Report of the ministry of health working group on standardization of living donor liver transplantation in Turkiye.","authors":"Veysel Umman,&nbsp;Murat Zeytunlu,&nbsp;Zeki Karasu,&nbsp;Bulent Aydinli,&nbsp;Fatih Kaciroglu,&nbsp;Yusuf Yavuz,&nbsp;Ahmet Tekin,&nbsp;Sukru Emre","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2021.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2021.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver transplantation is successfully achieved all over the world and in Turkiye. Similar to many middle and far east countries, donation from deceased donors has not reached the desired level in Turkiye. Therefore, in Turkiye, living donors have been frequently used for liver transplantation. Although Turkiye is the leading country in Europe and one of the top three countries in the world executing LDLT, nationwide standardization of LDLT protocols, including donor and recipient evaluation and acceptance criteria, donor and recipient follow-up and reporting rules, and routine periodic audits by the ministry of health authorities, has not been established. Therefore, we created a working group to study reviewing regulations of LDLT operation in Europe and the USA. The establishment and implementation of standardization of LDLT operation will serve to improve the donor and recipient outcomes while preventing incomplete or incorrect practices. The guide prepared on this subject is presented in the Appendix.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/b0/hf-3-093.PMC9510742.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40382865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic hepatitis case with prolonged jaundice due to Favipiravir.","authors":"Ramazan Yolacan,&nbsp;Umit Karabulut,&nbsp;Ali Uzel,&nbsp;Feyzullah Ucmak,&nbsp;Muhsin Kaya","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Favipiravir (FPV) is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The main side effects of this drug are teratogenicity and hyperuricemia. Limited information is available on other side effects. Here, we aimed to present our toxic hepatitis case with prolonged jaundice after FPV treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 3","pages":"95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/68/hf-3-095.PMC9510735.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of DIC in a patient with Wilson's disease: D-penicillamine.","authors":"Yavuz Emre Parlar,&nbsp;Hatice Yasemin Balaban,&nbsp;Umit Yavuz Malkan,&nbsp;Erdogan Deniz,&nbsp;Fatma Rukiye Uysal","doi":"10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2022.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>D-penicillamine therapy is considered an effective and safe treatment for Wilson's disease. Except for one experimental study, there has been no report in the literature about the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with the use of the drug. A 24-year-old female patient with Wilson's disease, followed up with zinc and D-penicillamine treatment, was admitted to the emergency service because of oral mucosal bleeding and lethargy. Initial laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 7.1 g/dL (11.7-15.5), platelet 24×10³ µL^-1 (159-388), total bilirubin 18 mg/dL (0.3-1.2), direct bilirubin 9.8 mg/dL (0-0.2), INR >10 (0.8-1.2), aPTT 64.5 s (22.5-32), fibrinogen 23 mg/dL (180-350), and factor 8 26.4% (70-150). Melena, hematemesis, and hematochezia were not present, and no active bleeding focus was detected on endoscopic evaluation. Upon meeting the DIC criteria, the patient underwent plasma exchange four times for the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Haemocomplettan-P, cryoprecipitate replacements were made as a supportive treatment for DIC. As the clinical bleeding continued despite plasma exchanges and factor replacement treatment, D-penicillamine was switched to trientine (1250 mg/day). After this change, the mucosal bleeding stopped, and DIC parameters improved. We suggest that if hemorrhagic complications develop on D-penicillamine treatment, the possibility of DIC induced by D-penicillamine activating the fibrinolysis should also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 2","pages":"61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/3e/hf-3-61.PMC9243762.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40557465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical follow-up of patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection: A long-term observational study.","authors":"Ferhat Arslan,&nbsp;Ayse Batirel,&nbsp;Naciye Betul Baysal,&nbsp;Haluk Vahaboglu,&nbsp;Ali Mert","doi":"10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>We aimed to analyze the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection in tertiary care centers in Istanbul.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted an observational cohort with ≥18-year-old patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection, who were followed up in three tertiary care centers in Istanbul between January 2000 and August 2018, were evaluated by reviewing electronic and recorded files. The Ethical Committee of Istanbul Medipol University approved this study (Protocol no: 10840098-604.01.01-E.44136). During the polyclinic interview, consent was obtained from patients for analysis and publication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 64 patients was 30 (range 18-39) years, and 50% (32) of them were males. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 67 (18-180) months. Twenty-four patients were treated with at least one antiviral in their follow-up, and only 2 (3.1%) of these patients developed HBeAg seroconversion without antiviral treatment. HBeAg (+) chronic hepatitis B developed in 4 of the patients after the immune-active period. None of the patients and first-degree relatives had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rationality of antiviral treatment and HCC development risk in these patients still remains elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":29722,"journal":{"name":"Hepatology Forum","volume":"3 2","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/71/hf-3-57.PMC9243757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40557467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}