Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Strategic development of metal doped TiO2 photocatalysts for enhanced dye degradation activity under UV–Vis irradiation: A review","authors":"Marzia Sultana ,&nbsp;Atol Mondal ,&nbsp;Sumon Islam ,&nbsp;MOST. Afroza Khatun ,&nbsp;Md. Hafezur Rahaman ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Md. Shahedur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Alam S.M. Nur","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review article discusses the potential of using metal-doped TiO₂ as a photocatalyst for dye degradation in water. TiO₂ is a promising photocatalyst but is limited due to its fast electron-hole recombination rate and vast bandgap energy. Metal dopants have enhanced the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, especially noble metal doping, due to the synergistic effects between the metal dopants and TiO₂. The review summarizes experimental studies on photocatalytic dye degradation using metal-doped TiO₂ and compares the degradation performance between doped and undoped TiO₂. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the interaction between metal dopants and TiO₂ to improve the dye degradation activity and stability of metal-doped TiO₂. The article highlights the optimum dopant concentration and preparation methods that can improve the textural or surface properties of doped TiO₂ and enhance dye degradation capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000292/pdfft?md5=819606c40582dddda50f482adbed02b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000292-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cathode material on electrochemical reduction of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone and valeric acid in aqueous and organic media","authors":"Galina V. Burmakina ,&nbsp;Dmitry V. Zimonin ,&nbsp;Tatyana A. Kenova ,&nbsp;Victor V. Verpekin ,&nbsp;Valentin V. Sychev ,&nbsp;Nikolay A. Zos'ko ,&nbsp;Oxana P. Taran","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electrochemical conversion of biobased levulinic acid (LA) into renewable chemicals and biofuel precursors represents an important and reasonable alternative to the high temperature conventional catalytic processes of great importance for the development of a sustainable and cost-effective biorefinery. The establishment of the mechanism of levulinic acid reduction is a promising strategy in choosing the optimal electrocatalyst for the redox-transformation of biobased substrates. Herein, we report a new approach to study an electrochemical reduction mechanism of levulinic acid using of proton-deficient non-aqueous reaction media. The electrochemical reduction of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) and valeric acid (VA) in aqueous and organic solutions on various electrodes (glassy carbon, graphite, Al, Pb) was studied. The mechanism of LA electrochemical reduction and major reaction products significantly was found to depend on the solvent, the presence of proton donors, the material of cathode, and the magnitude of the applied potential. In an aqueous solution the process proceeded with the formation of valeric acid on all the electrodes studied. In acetonitrile in the presence of protons, the electrochemical reduction of LA proceeded by various mechanisms, both with the participation of atomic hydrogen and the protonated form of LA, and led to the formation of GVL and/or VA. The difference (ΔE_1/2) between the reduction half-wave potential of protons and levulinic acid was found to play an important role in the reduction pathway of LA carbonyl group. At a large ΔE_1/2, as in the case of the GC electrode, the LA reduction resulted in the GVL formation. LA can be completely reduced to VA by transferring four electrons due to the close reduction potentials of protons and LA (a low ΔE_1/2), as on a Pb electrode. The pathway depends on the conditions of the reduction process and can be estimated based on electrochemical data obtained in the study of reaction products in organic media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000255/pdfft?md5=2b96a251984cf9e2e6e77a2a895997ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000255-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium adsorption from water using mesoporous magnetic iron oxide-aluminum silicate adsorbent: An investigation of adsorption isotherms and kinetics","authors":"Mumtaz Khan ,&nbsp;Islamud Din ,&nbsp;Fazli Aziz ,&nbsp;Imdad Ullah Qureshi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahid ,&nbsp;Ghulam Mustafa ,&nbsp;Aroosa Sher ,&nbsp;Said Hakim","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the prominent issues of the environment is water quality deterioration due to release of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals. This research work focused on the synthesis of mesoporous magnetic iron oxide-aluminum silicate (Fe₃O₄-Al₂SiO₅) adsorbent via deposition-precipitation method and to assess its efficiency for chromium (VI) adsorption. The study demonstrated that the prepared mesoporous adsorbent exhibit large surface area (476.0 m²g^-1) and mesoporous structure, which enhances the adsorbate adsorption. From the results it was noticed that maximum removal (99.9%) was occurring at neutral pH and the adsorption data was find in best fitting to both Langmuir isotherm as well as with pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The study further concluded that the mesoporous adsorbent can be reused following several cycles and that very slight effect of coexisting competitive ions was noticed. The study recommends that after further modification and activation, the desired mesoporous adsorbent material could be utilized for water purification at industrial level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1515342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between morphology and performance of cellulose nanofibril-based films","authors":"Liqing Wei ,&nbsp;Huiyang Bian ,&nbsp;Umesh P. Agarwal ,&nbsp;Ronald C. Sabo ,&nbsp;Laurent M. Matuana ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Stark","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were produced from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp using microfluidization varying the number of passes through the microfluidizer. CNFs were processed into dry films to elucidate the effect of CNFs morphology on the physical, optical and barrier properties of the films. As the number of passes through the microfluidizer increased, the fibril diameter and degree of polymerization decreased. A higher number of passes produced CNFs with smaller diameter resulting in CNF films with smaller root mean surface (RMS) roughness, higher tensile strength and Young's modulus, and higher transparency. CNF films with lower porosity had lower water vapor permeability (WVP) at 50% RH (better barrier properties), but the number of passes did not significantly affect water vapor permeability at 90% RH or oxygen permeability at 50% RH or 90% RH. Increasing the number of microfluidization passes resulted in CNF films with higher density, lower crystallinity, and higher water accessibility. The results suggest that the physical properties, such as density, of the film were more dominant for the mechanism of WVP compared with crystallinity and water accessibility. A model of water vapor transmission through the CNF film was proposed. By establishing a relationship between CNFs morphology and performance characteristics of corresponding films, especially for barrier properties, insights were obtained that would be beneficial for food packaging applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1515345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acidity, number of hydroxyl group, and carbon chain length of carboxylic acids on starch cross-linking","authors":"Gerezgiher Alula Gebresas,&nbsp;Tamás Szabó,&nbsp;Kálmán Marossy","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corn starch film samples cross-linked using malic, malonic, and succinic acids, and thermoplastic starch were characterized and tested for their water absorption, surface morphology, structural change, and thermomechanical properties. The acids vary in acidity, number of hydroxyl groups, and carbon chain length. The presence of an additional hydroxyl group has helped malic acid form more hydrogen bonding between starch molecules. The relatively higher acidity in malic acid compared to succinic acid is found to be another factor for its better cross-linking potential. The additional carbon chain in succinic acid, which reduces its solubility and acidity; has negatively affected its cross-linking potential. Among the three variables studied, number of hydroxyl group has highly influenced the cross-linking potential, followed by acidity and carbon chain length, respectively. Consequently, the elongation at break and water absorption resistance of thermoplastic starch were improved from 108.63 ​MPa to 175.72 ​MPa and from 140% to 80%, respectively, cross-linking corn starch with malic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2699608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidants and antibacterial potential of extracts of seed of Quercus leucotrichophora A. camus","authors":"Chinu Kumari ,&nbsp;Sachin Goyal ,&nbsp;Reena Thakur ,&nbsp;Shivali Singla","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The objective of this research was to ascertain how the phenolic profile and associated antioxidant and antibacterial activities were affected by several solvents, including methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and water.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The dried coarse powder of the seeds was fractionated with various solvents after being extracted with methanol. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Nitric oxide scavenging tests, whilst antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The outcomes indicate that ethyl acetate is the most efficient solvent for polyphenol extraction. The ethyl acetate fraction of <em>Quercus leucotrichophora</em> seed extract exhibited the greatest DPPH and NO radical scavenger antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 49.019 ± 0.15 μg/ml and 51.39 ± 0.19 μg/ml, respectively, whereas the aqueous fraction exhibited the lowest antioxidant potential. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique found that the ethyl acetate fraction had a greater phenolic content than the aqueous fraction (157 ± 0.27 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g vs. 28 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g). Using an aluminum chloride colorimetric technique, the ethyl acetate fraction had the maximum flavonoid concentration (145 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent QE)/g), whereas the aqueous extract had the lowest (13.1 ± 0.18 mg of QE)/g). In terms of antibacterial efficacy, the ethyl acetate fraction produced a wider inhibition zone against gram positive and gram negtive bacterial strains.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on the results, ethyl acetate fraction of <em>Quercus leucotrichophora</em> A. camus seed extract has significant antioxidant activity and may be a beneficial source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial for functional food composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000218/pdfft?md5=662dd59db8b400c23428c271040bc1a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000218-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92128908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a recyclable and biodegradable reaction medium for green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A helpful manufactured course to the one-pot green synthesis of 2-amino-4<em>H</em>-chromenes through a tandem Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, and resorcinol in polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as accessible and biodegradable media have been detailed. All responses are completed in a brief time and the items are gotten in fabulous yields. The striking highlights of this eco-friendly approach are biodegradable media, fabulous yields, simple work-up without requires for column chromatographic separation, and no poisonous organic solvents, evasion of harmful reagents, one-pot strategy, and effortlessness of operation. Additionally, PEG-400 is exceedingly steady and can be reused for four sequential runs without major basic changes or misfortune of movement, which has been exceptionally advantageous in tending to natural concerns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266608652300022X/pdfft?md5=784f782cc5c345f98406b5099b9f2391&pid=1-s2.0-S266608652300022X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92014059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole scaffolds by methylene blue (MB+) as a photo-redox catalyst via a single-electron transfer (SET)/energy transfer (EnT) pathway","authors":"Farzaneh Mohamadpour ,&nbsp;Hesam Kamyab ,&nbsp;Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan ,&nbsp;Ali Mohammad Amani","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new environmentally friendly plan was created to make dihydropyrano [2,3-<em>c</em>]pyrazole structures without using metals. This plan involves combining ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehyde derivatives, and malononitrile in a radical tandem Knoevenagel-Michael cyclocondensation reaction. We used metal-free methylene blue (MB⁺) to create special functions that respond to light. These functions can transfer electrons and energy in water at room temperature using light as a source of energy in the air. The amount of product made is pretty consistent (between 81 and 98 %, with an average of 91.8 %), and it gets made quickly (between 3 and 7 min, with an average of 5.3 min). The important thing mentioned in the conversation is that the process can handle different types of chemicals while still being fast and giving good results. The results show that this special technique is a successful and easy way to get good results in just one step. Methylene blue is used with very little amount to make a chemical reaction happen. This leads to high amounts of product, saves energy, and is good for the environment. It helps use up all the starting materials efficiently, saves time by not needing to separate chromatography, and reduces waste. This photocatalyst is easy to use. This creates many different types of characteristics in the environment and chemicals that last a long time. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of dihydropyrano [2,3-<em>c</em>]pyrazole scaffolds were calculated. It is interesting that cyclization on a gram scale can be achieved, showing that this technique can be used in industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666086523000279/pdfft?md5=08edbdb0c06e70b1daaacecf2a2c5574&pid=1-s2.0-S2666086523000279-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134651458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of a gum ghatti-cl-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite hydrogel for metformin hydrochloride drug removal from aqueous solution","authors":"Pragnesh N. Dave ,&nbsp;Bhagvan Kamaliya ,&nbsp;Pradip M. Macwan ,&nbsp;Jignesh H. Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogels are desirable biomaterials because of their innovative organization structure, which allows them to function with a wide range of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Hydrogels, on the other hand, possess sensitive physical characteristics when coupled with live tissue. In the current work, metformin hydrogen chloride (metformin HCl)- loaded the original [Gum ghatti-<em>cl</em>-<em>Poly</em>(N-isopropyl acrylamide-<em>co</em>-acrylic corrosive)/CoFe₂O₄] nanocomposite hydrogel were orchestrated through the free extreme polymerization strategy utilizing ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N, N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-connecting specialist to eliminate the metformin hydrochloride drug from watery arrangements. The influence of numerous parameters on the amount of adsorbate, including pH, temperature, equilibrium time, and adsorbate weight, was investigated, and the ideal conditions for preparing adsorbate were determined. The hydrogel was characterized using FTIR, XRD, AFM, FESEM, and TGA methods. Three powerful models viz. pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle scattering model, were used and fitted to the equilibrium data to choose the adsorption part of metformin adsorption onto Gg-<em>cl</em>-<em>poly</em>(NIPA-<em>co</em>-AA)/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposite hydrogel. The adsorption isotherm information was explored with the assistance of four isotherm models viz. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) isotherms. The metformin adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a most extreme adsorption limit of <strong>151.07 ​mg/g</strong>. To investigate the adsorption nature and promptness metformin, a couple of thermodynamic limits were estimated and observed that the adsorption system is exothermic and unconstrained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1885446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison study of the efficacy of different activated charcoals derived from Palmyra kernel shell in removing phenolic compounds","authors":"Ganeshalingm Sashikesh ,&nbsp;Periyasamy Anushkkaran ,&nbsp;Yadhavan Praveena ,&nbsp;Manjceevan Arumukham ,&nbsp;Velauthamurty Kugamoorthy ,&nbsp;Vignarooban Kandasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenol is one of the most prevalent contaminants discovered in water bodies. The adsorption process is gaining popularity as a viable method of removing phenolic chemicals from contaminated aquatic resources. The elimination of phenolic chemicals using Palmyra kernel shell activated charcoal has been extensively investigated. The removal effectiveness of Palmyra kernel shell charcoal was calculated using physically, chemically (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>P</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>) and magnetically activated Palmyra kernel shell charcoal for various amounts of phenolic components and varying adsorption durations. According to this research study, physically activated charcoal has a much higher removal efficiency than other activated charcoal. These findings show that physically activated charcoal is easily used to remove phenolic compounds from polluted water resources. Adsorption kinetics were discovered to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherm models were used to interpret the experimental results. Several kinetic formulas were utilized to evaluate the adsorption kinetics of phenolic compounds using various activated charcoals derived from Palmyra kernel shells. The experimental results are consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model. All of the activated and non-activated Palmyra kernel shells absorbed the phenolic chemicals, and the value of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span> was found to be between <span><math><mrow><mn>0.692</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>0.869</mn></mrow></math></span>. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a technique used to characterize the surface morphology of adsorbents before and after adsorption. FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of phenolic compound functional groups on the adsorbents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1630711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}