California Fish and Wildlife Journal最新文献

{"title":"Spatial relationships and mesoscale habitat variance in co-occurring populations of Church’s sideband and Trinity bristle snail in the Greater Trinity Basin, northern California","authors":"Robert M. Sullivan","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.13","url":null,"abstract":"In resource management, the kind and extent of ecological co-occurrence between closely related species frequently requires assessment of the spatial relationship among taxa. In my study, analysis of inter-species pair-wise distances revealed no syntopic overlap between Church’s sideband (Monadenia churchi) and Trinity bristle snails (M. setosa). No pair of samples had the same geographic coordinates and no parapatric boundary in environmental covariates was evident between species. This “microsympatric” spatial relationship resembled a metapopulation structure with no high degree of overlap, as co-occurrence was rare and small in geographic scope. Fifteen forest cover-types and 82 soil-types were identified between species. The most common forest-type for M. churchi was Sierra Mixed Conifer (39.9%) and Douglas fir (28.9%). In M. setosa the most common forest-types were the same but in much different percentages (78.8% and 14.8%, respectively). Sixty-one and 39 soil-types were associated with samples of M. churchi and M. setosa, respectively. The Hohmann-Neuns family complex was the most common (22.5%) soil-type for M. churchi and the Holland Deep-Hugo family complex was the most (50.6%) dominant for M. setosa. There were significant differences between species in all environmental attributes and in values of monthly temperature and precipitation, which reflected variance in the mesoclimatic regime seasonally. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) accounted for 57.8% of the dispersion contained in environmental variables on the first 3-eigenvectors. Evapotranspiration and Summer and Winter Temperatures loaded positively while Summer and Winter Precipitation and Elevation loaded negatively along PC I (26.2%). Given significant inter-species differences in ecological occupancy, it seems plausible that microsympatry is based in part on both mesoscale habitat variance and subtle differences in mesoclimate defined by seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation. The hypothesis that M. setosa is adapted to cool habitats and M. churchi to warmer more arid environs in microsympatry was substantiated at a macroscale level.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review – George Meléndez Wright: The Fight for Wildlife and Wilderness in the National Parks","authors":"V. Bleich","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Valley anadromous salmonid habitat suitability criteria","authors":"Mark Gard","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.12","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat suitability criteria (HSC) are a key information source used in designing habitat restoration projects. Many site-specific HSC have been developed in the Central Valley of California for various life stages of anadromous salmonids. Substantial differences between the HSC can be due to watershed characteristics and the methods used to develop the HSC. Spawning HSC generally have optimum depths of 0.3–1 m, optimum velocities of 0.3–1 m/s, and substrate sizes ranging from 25–100 mm. Optimum conditions for fry are generally shallow (less than 0.5 m) and slow (less than 0.1 m/s) with woody cover. Juvenile salmonids use deeper (0.5–1 m) and faster (up to 0.4 m/s) conditions than fry but are similar to fry in their preference for woody cover. HSC developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the Yuba River are recommended for evaluating habitat restoration projects on larger rivers, while HSC developed on Clear Creek are recommended for evaluating habitat restoration projects on smaller Central Valley streams. A key limitation of existing HSC is that they were only developed for in-channel conditions; fishery benefits of floodplain restoration projects are best quantified using total wetted area. Optimal HSC values are most useful in the initial design of habitat restoration projects, while flow-habitat relationships for existing versus proposed conditions can be useful in identifying needed design refinements, such as adding large woody debris.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of habitat suitability criteria for macroinvertebrate community metrics for use in habitat restoration projects","authors":"Mark Gard","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.14","url":null,"abstract":"Community-based macroinvertebrate habitat suitability criteria are needed for two reasons: (1) community-based criteria, such as with macroinvertebrates, are a better measure of ecosystem health than single-species habitat suitability criteria (HSC); and (2) if food rather than physical habitat is the limiting factor for juvenile salmonids, it is better to evaluate habitat restoration projects based on macroinvertebrate habitat than juvenile habitat. The goal of this study was to generate habitat suitability criteria for macroinvertebrates in the Sacramento River. Habitat suitability criteria were derived for three macroinvertebrate community metrics. One of the metrics (biomass of baetids, chironomids and hydropsychids) was selected to represent food supply for juvenile salmonids, while the other two metrics (total biomass and diversity) were selected as measures of ecosystem health. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Hydropsychidae were chosen because they are the dominant taxa present in stomach contents samples of Sacramento River juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytscha. Habitat suitability criteria were developed using data from 75 macroinvertebrate samples stratified by season, mesohabitat type, depth, velocity, and substrate. The criteria for depth, velocity and substrate were developed taking into account several potential confounding variables, and using a polynomial regression for depth and velocity, and analysis of variance for substrate (a categorical variable). The criteria showed no effect of substrate on baetid/chironomid/hydropsychid biomass or diversity. Criteria for total biomass showed a higher suitability for larger cobbles, versus other substrates, for total biomass. The optimum depths for baetid/chironomid/hydropsychid biomass, total biomass and diversity were, respectively, 0.82–0.85 m, 0.61–0.67 m and 1.16–1.19 m. The optimum velocities for baetid/chironomid/hydropsychid biomass, total biomass and diversity were, respectively, 0.73–0.79 m/sec, 0.61–0.67 m/sec, and 0.61–0.73 m/s. Suggestions for development of future macroinvertebrate HSC include: (1) stratifying sampling by depth, velocity and substrate; (2) measuring the amount of organic matter in samples for use as an additional potential confounding factor; and (3) sampling a large area (0.84 m2) with a sampler with a rubber foam lining on the bottom of the sampler.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing the time-to-event framework to estimate elk abundance over a large spatial scale in the Klamath Mountains of California","authors":"Sara Moriarty-Graves, Erin Zulliger, Tom Batter, Christine Found-Jackson","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.10","url":null,"abstract":"In northern California, Roosevelt (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) and Rocky Mountain (C. c. nelsoni) elk occupy a wide variety of habitats over a large extent, including the Marble Mountains Elk Management Unit (MM EMU). Dense forest canopy and steep, mountainous terrain present significant challenges for monitoring elk populations using traditional aerial and ground-based methods. These constraints have resulted in inadequate spatial and temporal research and monitoring. To address the need for comprehensive and reliable elk abundance estimates, we implemented a landscape-level camera trap study within the MM EMU. We deployed 180 cameras and applied a time-to-event model to estimate elk abundance. This method uses the movement rate, area in front of each camera, and leverages the latency time to detection for a given species. Analysis yielded an estimate of 1,415 (95% CI: 1,044–1,919) elk across the management unit. Here, we present the use of a recently developed method to non-invasively estimate the abundance of unmarked elk at the landscape-level in northern California. Implementation of this method can provide reliable information to aid management decisions for the continued recreational, ecological, and economic benefits of elk and wildlife in general.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"204 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dimensions of angler nonresponse in California’s recreational steelhead fishing report card program","authors":"Vanessa M. Gusman Costa, Colby L. Hause","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.11","url":null,"abstract":"Angler demographics and behaviors have a significant impact on recreational fishery-dependent data, and recently, human dimensions have become more widely recognized as an important part of fisheries management. California’s steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) report card program has served to track recreational fishing effort and catch each calendar year for management purposes through angler self-reporting. However, angler report card return rates are consistently low, and there has been no recent effort to investigate angler attributes that may be contributing to nonresponse. This study evaluated trends in angler demographics as they relate to annual steelhead report card return rates as well as online reporting rates across the 2012–2019 study period. The study also assessed whether specific demographic or behavioral characteristics may affect the likelihood of anglers returning their report cards. Older, more avid anglers were found to have a greater likelihood of reporting in general. Motivations or deterrents for response vs. nonresponse could not be identified due to data limitations and should be the subject of future research.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"132 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire survival of the threatened California red-legged frog in the Sierra Nevada following the Mosquito Fire","authors":"J. Alvarez, Maresa Scofield, Francesca Cannizzo, Kimberly Comer, Marina L. Olson, Matt Coyle, Jeffery T. Wilcox","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceratonova shasta infection in lower Feather River Chinook juveniles and trends in water-borne spore stages","authors":"J. Foott, J. Kindopp, Katie Gordon, Alana Imrie, Kassie Hikey","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.9","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a five-year (2015–2020) survey of juvenile natural Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), adult salmon carcasses, and river water from the lower Feather River to determine infection prevalence, distribution, and spore quantity of the myxozoan parasite Ceratonova shasta. Average prevalence of infection in juvenile salmon collected from the high flow channel ranged from 45–58% depending on assay method. Initial infection of fry and detection of actinospore stage in river water began in late January or early February. Overt disease occurred in March and was lethal. Infection of the gill was detected weeks ahead of intestinal infection. Water-borne spore measurement and fish infection demonstrate an infectious zone beginning at the outlet of the Thermalito Afterbay. This zone is expanding downriver past the confluence of the Yuba River. Adult carcasses produce billions of myxospores annually that move downriver over the winter. C. shasta infection is one of several factors (predation, limited rearing habitat, elevated water temperature, water withdrawal, etc.) limiting natural Chinook Salmon recruitment in the Feather River.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delta Smelt stress responses during fish salvage at the John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility, California","authors":"Virginia Afentoulis, Andrew Rockriver, Samreen Siddiqui, Lauren Damon","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.8","url":null,"abstract":"The John E. Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility (Skinner Fish Facility) diverts entrained fish from the State Water Project’s pumping facilities in the southern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) and transports them via tanker trucks away from the immediate influence of the export pumps. During this process, the fish are counted and released back into the Delta, generally known as fish salvage. Since fish are caught and released back into the Delta, this whole process involves various points that can be stressful to fish, such as the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a state and federally listed species. To understand this process and improve fish facilities function, an investigation was conducted in 2005–2006, in which we evaluated sublethal stress associated with the terminal portion of the fish salvage process. This study included fish collection, handling, transportation, and release (CHTR) away from the export facilities. Physiological stress parameters for Delta Smelt were measured in the Skinner Fish Facility. We inserted wild and cultured adult Delta Smelt into the CHTR process and later sampled for plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate, which typically respond to acute and cumulative stress in fish. To help identify the source of overall stress response, we partitioned CHTR into three test phases: collection and handling, trucking and release, and uninterrupted CHTR. Differences in the delayed stress response between the different phases of CHTR were evaluated. Delta Smelt experienced stress in all phases of the CHTR process and in experimental handling controls indicated by higher plasma cortisol concentrations compared to their pre-experiment levels. Wild Delta Smelt experienced higher levels of cortisol response and took longer to recover than did cultured Delta Smelt.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43315190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documentation of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of terrestrial raptors in central California, USA","authors":"Alexis Leviner, J. Perrine","doi":"10.51492/cfwj.109.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.109.6","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are persistent environmental contaminants that to date have been studied primarily in aquatic systems, but few studies have examined their prevalence or impact in terrestrial trophic networks. A recent study documented microplastics in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of terrestrial raptors in central Florida. We used protocols based on that study to develop a baseline dataset of microplastics in the GI tracts of terrestrial raptors on the central coast of California. In 2021, Pacific Wildlife Care, a wildlife rehabilitation center in Morro Bay, CA, provided 16 raptor carcasses: three red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), four red-shouldered hawks (Buteo lineatus), two great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), and seven barn owls (Tyto alba). We found microplastics in the GI tracts of all 16 birds, with a mean (± SE) of 12.25 (± 1.89) microplastic particles per bird. Of the 196 microplastic particles we observed, microfibers were the most abundant (58%), followed by microbeads (34%), and microfragments (8%). However, microbeads were the most prevalent, found in all 16 birds, followed by microfibers (15 birds), and microfragments (6 birds). The chemical composition and source of these contaminants remains unclear, along with the physiological and ecological implications to raptor populations and their ecosystems, and the extent to which microplastics occur in other terrestrial species and regions in California.","PeriodicalId":29697,"journal":{"name":"California Fish and Wildlife Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48204123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}