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Economic potential of black liquor electrolysis as a treatment option for small agro-based mills 黑液电解作为小型农用粉碎机处理方案的经济潜力
November 2009 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.11.4
H. R. Ghatak
{"title":"Economic potential of black liquor electrolysis as a treatment option for small agro-based mills","authors":"H. R. Ghatak","doi":"10.32964/tj8.11.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.11.4","url":null,"abstract":"An economic simulation was performed to estimate potential costs and earnings associated with black liquor electrolysis for small agro-based paper mills. The results suggest that investing in low-potential black liquor electrolysis should give a payback of 0.6-4.2 years. Realistically, a payback period of less than 1.5 years is possible and would make economic sense. For high-potential black liquor electrolysis, the simulated payback period is 0.7 years in the best economic scenario. Under more realistic economic conditions, breakeven should be achieved within 2 years. Even with a lower selling price for hydrogen and higher electricity prices, a payback period less than 3 years could be possible. These are good propositions given the immense environmental benefits of the process. For low and high potential electrolysis the capital cost of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen selling price are the two most important economic indices affecting payback. Electricity price is expected to have a somewhat moderate influence.","PeriodicalId":296374,"journal":{"name":"November 2009","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125875002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Monitoring kraft recovery boiler fouling using principal component analysis 利用主成分分析法监测硫酸盐回收锅炉污垢
November 2009 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.11.22
Peter Versteeg, H. Tran
{"title":"Monitoring kraft recovery boiler fouling using principal component analysis","authors":"Peter Versteeg, H. Tran","doi":"10.32964/tj8.11.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.11.22","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers analyzed high resolution operational data from three recovery boilers using the principal component analysis (PCA) feature of a multivariate statistical analysis program to identify major operating variables that contributed to fouling and plugging. The results show that PCA can be used to visualize the variability relative to long-term fouling trends in the boilers and to graphically distinguish changes in the boiler fouling condition caused by operational variability over a short period. This represents a major step forward in identifying operating variables that might be adjusted to minimize fouling, and in developing an online fouling monitoring technology based on PCA.","PeriodicalId":296374,"journal":{"name":"November 2009","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132329507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Comparison of steel and cast iron Yankee cylinders 钢和铸铁洋基气缸的比较
November 2009 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.11.35
Jörg Bauböck
{"title":"Comparison of steel and cast iron Yankee cylinders","authors":"Jörg Bauböck","doi":"10.32964/tj8.11.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.11.35","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares steel and cast iron Yankees, explaining the advantages and disadvantages of both, the differences in their manufacture, and the properties of the materials used. Using a special cylinder as an example, the article points out the differences in terms of stresses and fatigue behavior. The surface temperature distribution and some of the factors that influence it also are discussed. Finally, some economic aspects are highlighted. Although the steel Yankee has some minor disadvantages, the comparison ultimately favors the steel Yankee.","PeriodicalId":296374,"journal":{"name":"November 2009","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124821551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Co-refining interactions among white birch, hybrid larch and black spruce species 白桦、杂交落叶松和黑云杉种间的共精炼相互作用
November 2009 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.11.30
Quanqing Zha, Robert Lanquette
{"title":"Co-refining interactions among white birch, hybrid larch and black spruce species","authors":"Quanqing Zha, Robert Lanquette","doi":"10.32964/tj8.11.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.11.30","url":null,"abstract":"Due to shortages of preferred wood species, introduction of less desirable species in mechanical pulping has become a reality. Mainly because of the striking differences in fiber morphology existing between various species, refining of mixtures of different species can be a challenge. In this work, we studied the possible synergistic effects of co-refining hybrid larch, white birch and black spruce. We observed that wood species and their proportions in the mixtures influence the degrees of interaction on energy consumption and paper properties.","PeriodicalId":296374,"journal":{"name":"November 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129481604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetic models for all chlorine dioxide and extraction stages in full ECF bleaching sequences of softwoods and hardwoods 动力学模型的所有二氧化氯和提取阶段在全ECF漂白序列的软木和硬木
November 2009 Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.32964/tj8.11.12
S. Jain, G. Mortha, C. Calais
{"title":"Kinetic models for all chlorine dioxide and extraction stages in full ECF bleaching sequences of softwoods and hardwoods","authors":"S. Jain, G. Mortha, C. Calais","doi":"10.32964/tj8.11.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj8.11.12","url":null,"abstract":"We present new and improved semi-empirical mathematical models for all the chlorine dioxide stages and extraction stages (including oxygen and/or peroxide reinforced) in a full elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching sequence. The models predict variations of kappa number, pH, brightness, and bleaching chemical consumption at each step of multistage ECF bleaching sequences. Our aims were to improve the kinetic and stoichio-\u0000metric equations involved in the chlorine dioxide stages [Do, D1, D2] for their predictability for different kinds of soft-wood and hardwood pulps and to model the extraction stages with or without oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide reinforcement [E, (EO), (EOP), (EP)]. The predicted results fit very closely to a wide range of laboratory and literature data, and the predictability was extended to a greater variety of pulps (softwoods and hardwood pulps, kraft or other alkaline pulps).","PeriodicalId":296374,"journal":{"name":"November 2009","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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