IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility最新文献

{"title":"A Multivariable Search Approach to Frequency Assignment","authors":"M. Massaro","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568689","url":null,"abstract":"A multivariable, non-linear search approach to fre­ quency assignment is presented. The frequency assign­ ment problem is formulated as a multivariable search problem by choosing the objective function, -which is to be minimized by the search algorithm, to be the interference criterion and by choosing the independent variables of the objective function, which are to be selected by the search algorithm, as the operational frequencies of the communi­ cation or radar system. The successful solutions of two radar intersite frequency assignment problems obtained by using optimization techniques are discussed. In the first illustration a frequency assignment minimizing inter­ ference is determined for a deployment of four surveillance radar systems; in the second iUustration, a frequency assignment optimizing the utilization of the spectrum is determined for a deployment of seven surveiUance radar systems.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126685063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum Resource Assessment of the 2.7 TO 2.9 GHz Band","authors":"R. Hinkle, R. M. Pratt","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568681","url":null,"abstract":"The Office of Telecommunications (OT) undertook a detailed program to measure and analyze spectrum utilization in the 2.7 to 2.9 GHz band in the Los Angeles and San Fran­ cisco areas in support of an Office of Telecommunications Policy (OTP) Spectrum Resource Assessment task. The measurement program consisted of on-site visits to com­ pare predicted and actual PPI interference patterns, and utilization of the Radio Spec­ trum Measurement System (RSMS) van to vali­ date the component models used in predicting radar-to-radar interference.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"85 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121153488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Fiber Optics in a Broadband, Sensitive, Isotropic Antenna --15 kHz to 150 MHz","authors":"E. B. Larsen, J. Andrews","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568760","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband, active, isotropic receiving antenna was developed at NBS for the frequency range 15 kHz to 150 MHz. It was designed for use with a conventional receiver to measure weak, near-zone electric fields of unknown polarization, such as leakage emanations from electronic equipment placed within a shielded enclosure. The antenna system consists of three mutually-orthogonal active dipoles, each 31 cm long by 3 cm diameter. The entire frequency range of each of the three field components is amplified and used to modulate a high-speed light emitting diode (LED) located inside the dipole. The modulated infrared (IR) signals are guided through glass fibers 10 meters long which connect the \"isolated\" dipoles to avalanche photodiodes at the far end of the fiber guides. These photodetectors recover the RF modulation from the IR carrier for input to the receiver. The fiber-optic antenna system described in this paper has high sensitivity (down to 10 μV/m) and fast response time (RF modulations up to 150 MHz). The read-out indication at each receiver frequency is proportional to the Hermitian magnitude of E, which is the root-sum-square value of three orthogonal E field components at the measurement point. The linear dynamic range of the antenna system depends on the receiver bandwidth and signal frequency. It is 70 to 75 dB at frequencies between 0.02 and 2 MHz (for 0.5 kHz receiver bandwidth), 60 to.70 dB between 2 and 25 MHz (for 5 kHz receiver bandwidth) and 40 to 55 dB between 25 and 200 MHz (for 50 kHz bandwidth).","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115800524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Office of Telecommunications Radio Spectrum Measurement System","authors":"R. Matheson","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568680","url":null,"abstract":"Sin ce 1973 the O f f i c e o f Telecommunications has been o p e r a t in g a Radio Spectrum Measurement System (RSMS) f o r the O f f i c e o f Te lecommunications P o l i c y (OTP) in su pp or t o f f e d e r a l frequency management pro­ c e s s e s . The RSMS i s a v an-d ep lo yed , computer -con­ t r o l l e d r e c e i v i n g sys tem desi gned to make many d i f ­ f e r e n t ty pes o f measurements between 100 MHz and 12 GHz. The RSMS has been used in measurement programs on s e l e c t e d Federal Government land mo bi le radio (LMR) and radar bands in th e areas around Washington, D .C . , N o r fo lk , Los A n g e le s , and San F r a n c i sc o . This paper d i s c u s s e s the c a p a b i l i t i e s o f the RSMS van and u ses some measured data as examples o f th o s e c a p a b i l i t i e s . THE VEHICLE","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130581848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic and EMC Control of a Deep-Space Satellite Transponder","authors":"R. Evans","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568711","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the EMC and Magnetic design and control work carried out on the Transponder section of the spacecraft used in German/US Space Exploration project HELIOS. This project represents a cooperative programme of space research between the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration and The Ministry for Scientific Research of the German Federal Republic.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Shuttle Electromagnetic Environment Measurement","authors":"F. Haber, C. Kocher, L. Forest","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568695","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a study leading to a method for carrying out an electromagnetic environment experiment (EEE) using the NASA Space Shuttle are herein described. The objective is to map intentional and nonintentional electromagnetic emissions from the earth's surface in the microwave range. The experiment proposed below emphasizes emissions aimed tangent to the earth's sur­ face and normal to the earth's surface, but the method can be adapted for use at an angle above the horizontal. High-gain antennas look toward the horizon or below and rotate, sweeping out a cycloidal swath oh the earth's surface as the satellite moves in its orbit. We develop electrical and mechanical sweep parameters and examine both the probability that the receiver's main beam will correctly detect a given emitter, and the probability that the receiver will erroneously measure powerful emitters though not pointing to them. A brief survey of the emitter densities that the receiver is likely to see provides a rationale for the selection of certain design parameters.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132031737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Electronics and EMC Regulation","authors":"M. Toia","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568685","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer electronic devices both generate and receive radio frequency interference (RFI). CW and broadband signals emanate from such equipment. There are many documented cases of RFI involving sometimes unlikely sources. Radiations are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, and these are administered by the FCC Laboratory. It would behoove the equipment designer to understand the applicable rules. Staff at the Commission's Laboratory may be consulted in this regard.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116622203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Shielding Design - A Pragmatic Approach","authors":"P. Madle","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568704","url":null,"abstract":"A simplified estimate is made of the energy coupled to a circuit inside a shielded enclosure. The steps are 1) Estimate maximum values of local electric and magnetic fields on exterior of shield resulting from incident electromagnetic field, 2) Apply known values of Transfer Impedance and Admittance of \"leaky\" areas of shield to determine internal electric and magnetic fields, and 3) Estimate energy coupled to load.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National and International Radio Interference Regulations for Consumer Products","authors":"H. K. Mertel","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568684","url":null,"abstract":"The legal and technical status of Radio-Frequency Inter­ feren ce Regulations for consumer products are review ed for countries that have such regulations. The paper analyzes the form ulation of in terference l im its on the basis of natural noise and ITU/CCIR treaties; review s the status of certif ication system s; tabulates the national, regional, and international regulations; and looks at the regulations planned for the European Econom ic Com m unity, Sp ecific data for the legal status of EMI regulations, the pertinent references, and their source are presented.","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130253840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RF Radiation Hazards: An Engineering Status Review","authors":"A. Kall","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1976.7568726","url":null,"abstract":"The su b jec t of microwave radiation hazards d ea ls with th e b io lo g ic a l e f f e c t s on man o f h igh l e v e l radio frequency rad ia t io n . This i s a form of n o n io n iz in g rad ia t ion , a s op p osed to io n iz in g radiation produced by X -r a y s , gamma r a y s , the re su l t s of nuclear f i s s i o n , e t c . M icrowave radiation com es from high power transmitters and radar s y s t e m s , and numerous in du str ia l , m edica l and d om estic d e v i c e s . Immediate e f f e c t s h av e a lready b een observed on man in the near v ic in ity o f high power radiating a n te n n a s , and on laboratory anim als in s im u lated microwave radiation environm ents . There is in c r e a s in g concern about the cum ulative e f fec t of l i te r a l ly th o u sa n d s .o f su ch radiating e le m e n ts , t o ­ gether with the m ill ions o f other lo w l e v e l transmitting d e v ic e s now operating in th is country. The q u est io n b e in g a sk e d with in creas in g em phasis is : what is th e e f f e c t upon the human b e in g , e s p e c i a l l y in urban a r e a s , of the accu m u la t ive l o w l e v e l radiation day after d ay , a l l the years o f o n e 's l i f e , from th e s e numerous emitting so u r c e s ? The answ er to th is q u e s ­ t io n , a s w e l l a s the entire su b jec t of th e immediate, and lon g-ran ge b io lo g ic a l e f f e c t s o f microwave rad i ­ a t ion upon th e human b e in g (and to a l e s s e r degree o f con cern , an im als and v e g e ta t io n ) , is a som ewhat gray area t o d a y . The importance o f r e sea rch in v e s t ig a t io n now stem s from the fact that the top ic d o es h a v e enormous p o ­ te n t ia l s i g n i f i c a n c e in that long-term e f f e c t s on the ind iv idual and his. offspring are yet to be determ ined, and from th e very p ractica l fact that modern man is in crea s in g the number of radiating s o u r c e s , and their power, in an unremitting e s c a l a t i o n . Thus th e pro­ b lem , w hi le at a le v e l of undetermined s e r io u s n e s s at p resen t , is c lea r ly one o f concern for the future, and major em p h asis i s being p la ce d upon the y ears of the next d e c a d e . INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL NOTES M icrowave radiation hazards has b een a su b jec t o f in crea s in g con cern in the r ecen t p a s t , la rg e ly over the la s t 25 years . U nlike som e other so u rces o f environm ental p o l ­ lu t io n , which ha ve a lw ay s been present but la y dormant until r eco gn it ion in modern t im e s , microwave radiation hazards were o f no concern until r e c e n t ly s im ply b e ­ c a u s e there w as l i t t le su ch radiation to be concerned w ith . It has on ly b een the proliferation of number and power o f RF radiat ion so u rc es that has g iv e n r i s e to in cr ea s in g concern about a s i tu a t io n that i s , a t b e s t , marginal tod ay , and c lea r ly hazardous for future y e a r s . At th e ","PeriodicalId":296335,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1976 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129706998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}