Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP最新文献

{"title":"Early Childhood Education to Promote Health Equity: A Community Guide Systematic Review.","authors":"Robert A. Hahn, W. Steven Barnett, John A. Knopf, B. Truman, Robert L. Johnson, Jonathan E. Fielding, Carles Muntaner, Camara Phyllis Jones, M. T. Fullilove, Pete C. Hunt","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000378","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Children in low-income and racial and ethnic minority families often experience delays in development by 3 years of age and may benefit from center-based early childhood education.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000A meta-analysis on the effects of early childhood education by Kay and Pennucci best met Community Guide criteria and forms the basis of this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000There were increases in intervention compared with control children in standardized test scores (median = 0.29 SD) and high school graduation (median = 0.20 SD) and decreases in grade retention (median = 0.23 SD) and special education assignment (median = 0.28 SD). There were decreases in crime (median = 0.23 SD) and teen births (median = 0.46 SD) and increases in emotional self-regulation (median = 0.21 SD) and emotional development (median = 0.04 SD). All effects were favorable, but not all were statistically significant. Effects were also long-lasting.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Because many programs are designed to increase enrollment for high-risk students and communities, they are likely to advance health equity.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122867328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve Cancer Screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.","authors":"A. Degroff, Aundrea D. Carter, K. Kenney, Z. Myles, S. Melillo, J. Royalty, Ketra L. Rice, Lindsay Gressard, Jacqueline W. Miller","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000369","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides cancer screening to low-income, un-, and underinsured women through more than 11 000 primary care clinics. The program is well-positioned to work with health systems to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to increase screening among all women.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To collect baseline data on EBI use, evaluation of EBIs, and related training needs among NBCCEDP grantees.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a Web-based survey in late 2013 among NBCCEDP grantees for the period July 2012 to June 2013. This was the first systematic assessment of EBIs among NBCCEDP grantees.\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's NBCCEDP.\u0000\u0000\u0000PARTICIPANTS\u0000Primarily program directors/coordinators for all 67 NBCCEDP grantees.\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES\u0000Data captured were used to assess implementation of 5 EBIs, their evaluation, and related training needs. Frequencies and proportions were determined. Cluster analysis identified grantees with similar patterns of EBI use for NBCCEDP clients and providers.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000On average, 4.1 of 5 EBIs were implemented per grantee for NBCCEDP clients and providers. Four clusters were identified including \"high overall EBI users,\" \"high provider EBI users,\" \"high EBI users with no provider assessment and feedback,\" and \"high client EBI users.\" Only 1.8 EBIs were implemented, on average, with non-NBCCEDP clients and providers. Fewer than half (n = 32, 47.8%) of grantees conducted process or outcome evaluation of 1 or more EBIs. Overall, 47.6% of grantees reported high or medium training needs for client-oriented EBIs and 54.3% for provider-oriented EBIs.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The NBCCEDP grantees are implementing EBIs extensively with clients and providers. Increased EBI use among non-NBCCEDP clients/providers is needed to extend the NBCCEDP's reach and impact. Grantee training and technical assistance is necessary across EBIs. In addition, grantees' use of process and outcome evaluation of EBI implementation must be increased to inform effective program implementation.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Strategy for Addressing Population Health Management.","authors":"J. Kapp, D. Oliver, E. Simões","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000383","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Population health management in the era of the Affordable Care Act focuses on identifying needs of health care service areas for targeted strategies. The United States has a \"health disadvantage\" compared with peer countries, particularly regarding obesity and women's life expectancy, while having high rates of mammography screening. Emphasizing lifestyle factors is a strategy to reduce one's risk of obesity and heart disease, as well as some breast cancers.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We explored perceptions of the risk of female population-based breast cancer mortality compared with heart disease mortality; perceived likelihood of developing breast cancer; and recognition of the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Cross-sectional online survey.\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000Service area of one mid-Missouri health care system.\u0000\u0000\u0000PARTICIPANTS\u0000Female US residents ages 35 to 49 years who did not have a personal history of any cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Minority women and women with a college education or less had greater odds of reporting that breast cancer, rather than heart disease, would cause more deaths in women this year. Women who had ever had a mammogram had greater odds of reporting a moderate/high compared with low likelihood of developing breast cancer. Women with less than a college education had greater odds of not knowing of any lifestyle behaviors or reporting only clinical behaviors related to reducing one's risk of breast cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The present study illuminates areas of lagging information dissemination that may be used for targeted strategies for population health management in the era of the Affordable Care Act, that of bridging healthy lifestyle strategies for heart health with messages for breast health.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126049152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendation for Center-Based Early Childhood Education to Promote Health Equity.","authors":"C. T. Force","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000354","url":null,"abstract":"The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends early childhood education programs based on strong evidence of effectiveness in improving educational outcomes associated with long-term health and sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving social- and health-related outcomes. When provided to low-income or racial and ethnic minority communities, early childhood education programs are likely to reduce educational achievement gaps, improve the health of low-income student populations, and promote health equity.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"261 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123889925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Public Health Leadership.","authors":"R. Little, A. Greer, M. Clay, C. McFadden","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000399","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Public health leaders play pivotal roles in ensuring the population health for our nation. Since 2000, the number of schools of public health has almost doubled. The scholarly credentials for leaders of public health in academic and practice are important, as they make decisions that shape the future public health workforce and important public health policies.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000This research brief describes the educational degrees of deans of schools of public health and state health directors, as well as their demographic profiles, providing important information for future public health leadership planning.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Data were extracted from a database containing information obtained from multiple Web sites including academic institution Web sites and state government Web sites. Variables describe 2 sets of public health leaders: academic deans of schools of public health and state health directors.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Deans of schools of public health were 73% males and 27% females; the PhD degree was held by 40% deans, and the MD degree by 33% deans. Seventy percent of deans obtained their terminal degree more than 35 years ago. State health directors were 60% males and 40% females. Sixty percent of state health directors had an MD degree, 4% a PhD degree, and 26% no terminal degree at all. Sixty-four percent of state health directors received their terminal degree more than 25 years ago. In addition to terminal degrees, 56% of deans and 40% of state health directors held MPH degrees.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The findings call into question competencies needed by future public health professionals and leadership and the need to clarify further the level of public health training and degree type that should be required for leadership qualifications in public health.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria-Based Resource Allocation: A Tool to Improve Public Health Impact.","authors":"J. Ross Graham, C. Mackie","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000319","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000Resource allocation in local public health (LPH) has been reported as a significant challenge for practitioners and a Public Health Services and Systems Research priority. Ensuring available resources have maximum impact on community health and maintaining public confidence in the resource allocation process are key challenges. A popular strategy in health care settings to address these challenges is Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA). This case study used PBMA in an LPH setting to examine its appropriateness and utility.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000The criteria-based resource allocation process PBMA was implemented to guide the development of annual organizational budget in an attempt to maximize the impact of agency resources. Senior leaders and managers were surveyed postimplementation regarding process facilitators, challenges, and successes.\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000Canada's largest autonomous LPH agency.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000PBMA was used to shift 3.4% of the agency budget from lower-impact areas (through 34 specific disinvestments) to higher-impact areas (26 specific reinvestments). Senior leaders and managers validated the process as a useful approach for improving the public health impact of agency resources. However, they also reported the process may have decreased frontline staff confidence in senior leadership.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In this case study, PBMA was used successfully to reallocate a sizable portion of an LPH agency's budget toward higher-impact activities. PBMA warrants further study as a tool to support optimal resource allocation in LPH settings.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123434829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Communities, Active Economies.","authors":"Chip Johnson, J. Moore","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121214324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences Supporting Local Health Departments to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates.","authors":"K. Drezner, K. Heyer, Lisa McKeown, Lilly Kan","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000405","url":null,"abstract":"I n the fall of 2014, the National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) launched a project to support a subset of local health departments to engage and collaborate with health care providers and other key stakeholders to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in their communities. This project, supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is one component of NACCHO’s immunization program. NACCHO’s immunization program is dedicated to strengthening local health departments’ immunization infrastructure by working to increase their capacity to implement evidence-based public health programs, policies, and services to meet national standards for preventing and controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. NACCHO is the voice of the 2800 local health departments in the United States that work every day to protect and promote health and well-being for all people in their communities. NACCHO provides resources to help local health departments develop public health policies and programs to ensure that communities have access to the vital services people need to keep them protected from disease and disaster. Local health departments play a pivotal role in maintaining high levels of community immunization rates, acting as leaders in their communities and strengthening their networks through partnerships with state immunization programs, coalitions, and the immunization neighborhood. According to the 2013 National Profile of Local Health Departments, 90% of local health departments provide direct immunization services. In addition, local health department immunization programs deliver provider education, outreach campaigns, and vaccine-preventable disease outbreak","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128813624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocacy for Leaders: Crafting Richer Stories for Public Health.","authors":"G. Matthews, S. Burris, S. Ledford, E. Baker","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114902532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting a New Path: Helping Local Health Departments Navigate Emerging Issues in Public Health.","authors":"L. Hasbrouck","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000000393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000393","url":null,"abstract":"In communities across the United States, public health and health care systems are changing due to a number of forces. Health care reform spurs innovation in payment and service delivery. Economic instability leads to federal, state, and local budget cuts. Accreditation and community benefit requirements encourage collaborative assessment and improvement planning. The list goes on. Despite facing these often challenging forces of change, local health departments (LHDs) are seizing emerging opportunities, exploring new partnerships, and continuing to minimize—and prevent—threats to the health and well-being of their communities. The National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) helps LHDs find their footing in this changing landscape. We strive to understand their needs and challenges, highlight innovation, disseminate evidence-based practices, provide training and continuing education, and advocate for policies that support health and equity.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}