{"title":"Introduction to natural textile fibres","authors":"R. Kozłowski, M. Mackiewicz-Talarczyk","doi":"10.1533/9780857095503.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095503.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural fibres with their long history of serving mankind are very important in a wide range of applications, and they compete and coexist in the 21st century with man-made fibres, especially as far as quality, sustainability and economy of production are concerned. This ‘Introduction’ describes the classification of natural fibres, levels of production and advantages derived from their excellent permeability, biodegradability and healthy properties. Natural fibres conduct heat, can be properly dyed, resist mildew, have natural antibacterial properties, block ultraviolet (UV) radiation and can be easily made flame retardant. The genetic modification (bioengineering in USA) of natural fibrous raw materials improves their productivity and performance. The confirmed importance of natural fibres resulted in the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations declaring 2009 as the International Year of Natural Fibres.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130620404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Leão, B. Cherian, S. D. Souza, R. Kozłowski, Sabu Thomas, M. Kottaisamy
{"title":"Natural fibres for geotextiles","authors":"A. Leão, B. Cherian, S. D. Souza, R. Kozłowski, Sabu Thomas, M. Kottaisamy","doi":"10.1533/9780857095510.2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095510.2.280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Geotextiles prepared with natural fibres are an emerging technology with versatile applications. The differential is their intrinsic features such as renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, lower cost and carbon footprint compared to the traditional materials. In the present chapter, key properties are addressed. Many aspects of the main geotextiles are described including chemical composition, physical structure and types of mats according to its functional need. Also, the possibility of using different designs, shapes, composition due to the versatile range of natural fibre sources, can promote great interactions with the soil, it can helps to delay crack development in asphalt, the restraint of soil through filtration and drainage when the filter cake is formed; it can control the erosion and helps the vegetative growth; reinforcement of civil construction in pavement and rail road; and others. Technical aspects, construction processes and long-term durability are described and the perspectives to develop this supply chain.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117239966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural fibres for paper and packaging","authors":"R. Passas","doi":"10.1533/9780857095510.2.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095510.2.367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the end of the 20th century, the future of the paper was not very optimistic due to the development of numerical technologies. Even if some paper grades have suffered, others like packaging boards, tissue papers and speciality papers have good economic trends. Furthermore, the environmental policies contribute to the development of natural fibre based materials and also to reuse a maximum of materials. Another important point to take into account is the climate warming, the fossil resources depletion and the trade globalization. All of that leads to new potential resources in order to produce greener paper and board. This chapter highlights the origin of natural fibres which could be used in the pulp and paper business, describes briefly the pulping and papermaking processes including some aspects about the specificity of the use of annual plants and to presents some new challenges for papermakers.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115478133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bast fibres","authors":"Jiantang Xu, A. Tao, J. Qi, Yufu Wang","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-12-818398-4.00005-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818398-4.00005-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mohair, cashmere and other animal hair fibres","authors":"L. Hunter","doi":"10.1533/9780857095503.1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095503.1.196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although luxury animal fibres, excluding silk, represent far less than 0.1% of global fibre production of 100 million tons (10 x 1010 kg), they play a very significant role in the luxury, high-value-added end of the market, notably the apparel market, being renowned for their special and mostly unique features, notably comfort and softness. This chapter covers the production, properties, processing and end-uses of the various luxury animal fibres, with the exclusion of silk, with the main focus on the down (undercoat) fibres of those animals with two fibre coats.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128090291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the flame retardancy of natural fibres","authors":"R. Kozłowski, M. Muzyczek","doi":"10.1533/9780857095510.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095510.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Protecting flammable textiles against fire is extremely important. Textiles are widely used and very often they are subject to incidental fire. Commonly used natural fibres generally represent two categories: lignocellulosic (cotton, flax, jute, ramie, hemp, sisal, etc.) and protein (wool, silk, leather). This chapter discusses the main requirements for flame retardancy and the methods used to provide resistance of fibres and textiles to fire. The two main types of flame retardancy of fabrics – non-durable and durable – are discussed. The chapter also looks at the primary applications of flame retardants (FRs) such as uniforms for fire-fighting personnel, armed forces and police, protective clothing for workers, home furnishing, and industrial and barrier uses. Lately there has been growing use of flexible intumescent back coatings. Future trends include nanostructured FRs, functionalization of natural fibres by substitution of reactive groups decreasing flammability, and the use of genetic engineering to obtain transgenic lignocellulosic and protein fibres.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115572187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural fibre composites (NFCs) for construction and automotive industries","authors":"Yong K Kim, V. Chalivendra","doi":"10.1533/9780857095510.2.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095510.2.254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This chapter focuses on natural fibre composites (NFCs) in which the matrix materials are polymeric resins. NFCs are composite materials comprising at least one major component derived from a renewable biological origin. Fundamentals of NFC materials are discussed in terms of reinforcement preforms, matrix resins, composite manufacturing techniques, characterization and quality assurance. Since NFC material based on renewable resources can provide viable low-cost structural components and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional structural materials for automotive and construction applications, the newly emerging bio-based structural composite materials for construction and automotive industry application are also considered. In this second edition, the fracture toughness enhanced NFCs by interlaminar reinforcement techniques for these structural applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":295879,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Natural Fibres","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122107750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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