Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, B. E. Bassey, Inyang-etoh Paul, U. Francis, Asuquo Anne, Angela Okocha-Ejeko
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance pattern in Salmonella enterica from clinical and poultry sources in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, B. E. Bassey, Inyang-etoh Paul, U. Francis, Asuquo Anne, Angela Okocha-Ejeko","doi":"10.5897/jma2019.0413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jma2019.0413","url":null,"abstract":"Limited treated options to Salmonellosis exist due to the emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). This study determined the prevalence of common ESBL genes (blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA) and profiled their antimicrobial resistance drug pattern. A descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 16 Salmonella enterica isolates from diarrhoeic children at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and 39 isolates from healthy birds in poultry farms within the Calabar metropolis. Standard disc diffusion method determined antimicrobial susceptibility while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific primers identified the beta-lactamase genes. All 55 isolates phenotypically demonstrated ESBL production. All 55 salmonella isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime and Nalixidic acid. All the clinical isolates were susceptible Ciprofloxacin and Norflaxacin. The poultry isolates however exhibited varied degrees of resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Norflaxacin. All 55 Salmonella isolates carried the blaSHV genes, blaCTX-M gene (94.5%) blaOXA gene (18.2%). Molecular characterization identified the blaSHV gene as the most prominent. This study provides relevant data that would help in the implementation of policies regarding the use of antimicrobial agents in clinical and veterinary settings as well provide antimicrobial treatment guidelines that would strengthen infection control processes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Salmonella enterica, Antimicrobial-resistance, ESBL-genes, Poultry-sources.","PeriodicalId":295419,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122216202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasmid curing of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates from urine and stool samples","authors":"Oriomah Churchill, Akpe Azuka Romanus","doi":"10.5897/JMA2018.0399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2018.0399","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of bacteria resistance to antibiotics can either be chromosomal or extra-chromosomal (plasmid mediated) and one way of determining the origin of bacterial drug resistance is by plasmid elimination. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility of seven Escherichia coli isolates (numbered 1-7) from urine and stool samples, were assessed using the disk diffusion method. The 10 antibiotics used were: nitrofurantoin (100 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), tetracycline (50 µg), norfloxacin (10 µg), amoxycillin (20 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (10 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg) and gentamicin (10 µg). All isolates (100%) were observed to have shown resistance to ampicillin. Isolate No 6 was resistant to 70% of the antibiotics while isolate No 7 was observed to be resistant to 30% of the antibiotics. In order to determine if the resistance is plasmid mediated or chromosomal-borne, two of the isolates (29%) that showed resistance to more than one antibiotic were subjected to acridine orange mediated plasmid elimination. Isolate No 6 lost its resistance to 5 out of the 7 antibiotics (71%) while isolate number 7 lost its resistance to 2 out of the 3 antibiotics (67%) after the curing. Loss of resistance after the plasmid curing was an indication that the resistance was plasmid-mediated while the resistance mechanism for those that retained their resistance after plasmid curing was chromosomal-borne. It was suggested that further studies be done for the characterization of resistance plasmids on E. coli and policies be set that will minimize the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibiotics, chromosomal, Escherichia coli, plasmid, resistance, sensitivity, susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":295419,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasmid profile of human Escherichia coli isolated from five major geopolitical zones of Nigeria","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor, C. U. Iroegbu","doi":"10.5897/JMA2013.0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2013.0272","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmid exchange between different strains of bacteria of the same species or different strains of different species is a recognized source for the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, 89 human isolates of Escherichia coli from five major geopolitical zones of Nigeriawere isolated and tested against 14 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Resistance plasmids were extracted and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for profiling. In all, 42 different antibiotics resistance pattern was observed, with all the isolates showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Plasmid profiling revealed that the isolates contained various size of R-plasmids. A total of 146 plasmids were detected with molecular sizes ranging from 1 to 120 KB. Of all the plasmids detected, the 120 KB plasmid occurred most frequently in all the geopolitical zones. Although some strains exhibited different antibiotic resistance patterns, some of their plasmids had similar migration patterns on agarose gel electrophoresis. Multiple resistances were conferred by R-plasmids of different sizes. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance conferring plasmids observed in this study may be due to the increasing widespread use of antibiotics. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Plasmid profile, Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":295419,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129842207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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