S. Park, Beomjun Kim, Kyuwon Kim, Youngseop Son, K. Yi
{"title":"Time delay compensation for environmental sensors of high-level automated driving systems","authors":"S. Park, Beomjun Kim, Kyuwon Kim, Youngseop Son, K. Yi","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a time delay compensation algorithm for environmental sensors of automated driving systems. The time delay involved with the transmission of the measurements from the sensors to the processor cannot be negligible because it is responsible for estimation and control of the system. As the automotive environmental sensors such as laser scanner or radar perform measurements at a constant frequency, the measurement time latencies can be assumed to be constant. From this aspect, the constant time delay characteristics is analyzed via vehicle tests and compensated by forward estimation based coordinate transformation. The proposed compensation algorithm has been verified via test data based open loop simulation of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). It is shown that the proposed compensation enhances environment perception performance and driver's safety.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Löcken, Heiko Müller, Wilko Heuten, Susanne CJ Boll
{"title":"An experiment on ambient light patterns to support lane change decisions","authors":"Andreas Löcken, Heiko Müller, Wilko Heuten, Susanne CJ Boll","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225735","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, several automotive manufacturers started to integrate ambient light displays into cars to increase drivers' comfort. Expanding their possible application areas, we propose a display that continuously informs the driver of the vehicle's as well as the environment's state. We studied this display in a lane change maneuver, in which a driver has to decide if he or she can change lane in front of a faster closing car or brake to keep a safe distance to a slower car in front. We present results of an experiment for light patterns that are based on results of a design workshop and definitions for lane change decision aid systems (LCDAS) of ISO 17387. Though we used ISO's definitions for the timings, our participants felt that status updates on the display came too late. In addition, the abrupt warnings, implemented in one of the tested patterns, led to worse performance of the participants. On the other hand, we observed that participants liked a continuous encoding of the time-to-collision (TTC) and observed a decrease in missed opportunities to overtake. Therefore, we argue that the defined limits for the warning levels are not well suited to support drivers during decision making in our scenario. Our contribution lies in a novel way of supporting drivers during lane change using an ambient in-vehicle light display. We showed that a continuous light pattern might help drivers in decision making, while more research has to be done to validate this.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128517788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stochastic model predictive controller with chance constraints for comfortable and safe driving behavior of autonomous vehicles","authors":"David Lenz, Tobias Kessler, A. Knoll","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225701","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the application of stochastic model predictive control with chance constraints to autonomous driving. We use a condensed formulation of a linearized vehicle model to setup a quadratic program with nonlinear chance constraints, which can be solved with off-the-shelf optimization algorithms. We further show how obstacle information in the path planning stage can be converted into a set of linear state constraints that can be directly used in the control algorithm. The resulting controller is potentially real-time capable and achieves a tradeoff between safety and comfort in its control behavior.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125290558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved path tracking approach for unmanned vehicles based on clothoid curve","authors":"Yun-xiao Shan, Cheng Chen, Wei Yang, Bi-jun Li","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225733","url":null,"abstract":"For its high efficiency and simpleness, Pure-Pursuit has been widely used in fields of automatic drive. This paper presents a modified robust controller based on Pure-Pursuit. The highlight of the method is that it replaces the circle in Pure-Pursuit with a clothoid C1 curve. Meantime, it applies the curvature information from the clothoid curve to tune the look-ahead distance. We compare the controller with improved Pure-Pursuit through experiments on the platform of autonomous vehicle, TuZhi, developed by Wuhan University. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller is more effective.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125963519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Barjenbruch, Dominik Kellner, J. Klappstein, J. Dickmann, K. Dietmayer
{"title":"Joint spatial- and Doppler-based ego-motion estimation for automotive radars","authors":"M. Barjenbruch, Dominik Kellner, J. Klappstein, J. Dickmann, K. Dietmayer","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225789","url":null,"abstract":"An ego-motion estimation method based on the spatial and Doppler information obtained by an automotive radar is proposed. The estimation of the motion state vector is performed in a density-based framework. Compared to standard vehicle odometry the approach is capable to estimate the full two dimensional motion state with three degrees of freedom. The measurement of a Doppler radar sensor is represented as a mixture of Gaussians. This mixture is matched with the mixture of a previous measurement by applying the appropriate egomotion transformation. The parameters of the transformation are found by the optimization of a suitable join metric. Due to the Doppler information the method is very robust against disturbances by moving objects and clutter. It provides excellent results for highly nonlinear movements. Real world results of the proposed method are presented. The measurements are obtained by a 77GHz radar sensor mounted on a test vehicle. A comparison using a high-precision inertial measurement unit with differential GPS support is made. The results show a high accuracy in velocity and yaw-rate estimation.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129381838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal parameter selection of a Model Predictive Control algorithm for energy efficient driving of heavy duty vehicles","authors":"Michael Henzler, M. Buchholz, K. Dietmayer","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225773","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved approach to the problem of energy efficient driving of heavy duty vehicles. The proposed model for a map-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) leads to an underlying Quadratic Programming (QP) optimization problem, allowing computationally efficient and robust solutions. A parameter estimation procedure is developed for a vehicle- and optimization-independent parametrization of the tradeoff between saving energy and keeping a desired vehicle velocity. Extensive simulations on a highway scenario for different optimization parameters give further insight to optimization properties, which can be utilized to enhance control performance. Compared to previous literature, we demonstrate a significant improvement of the computation time to under one-fifth of a millisecond, while maintaining (or even increasing) the fuel consumption reduction, which is 8.1 percent with the proposed approach compared to a standard cruise controller, without a decrease in the average cruising speed.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114194602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced 3-D trailer pose estimation for articulated vehicles","authors":"Christian Fuchs, F. Neuhaus, D. Paulus","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225688","url":null,"abstract":"When crafting driver assistance systems designed for truck/trailer combinations, knowledge about the position and orientation of a truck relative to the attached trailer is a vital prerequisite for any kinematic calculation and trajectory estimation. An advanced optical sensor system measuring the 3-D state of an attached two-axle trailer is proposed in this publication. It uses a Kalman filter for enhanced pose estimation and is evaluated against previous versions of the sensor system for the same purpose.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125637095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vehicle trajectory prediction for adaptive cruise control","authors":"Sung Gu Yi, C. Kang, Seung-Hi Lee, C. Chung","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225663","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new vehicle trajectory prediction algorithm for adaptive cruise control (ACC). When vehicle trajectory prediction is not precise enough, it is possible for a neighboring vehicle to be detected as a target. Thus, we propose a new method using both yaw rate and curvature rate to precisely predict vehicle trajectory and to resolve an undesirable case in ACC system. The proposed method was validated via CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink. Also, we validated the proposed method via experimental results with a test vehicle on highway system for the practicality.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130426646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic detection of traffic lights using support vector machine","authors":"Zhilu Chen, Quan Shi, Xinming Huang","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225659","url":null,"abstract":"Many traffic accidents occurred at intersections are caused by drivers who miss or ignore the traffic signals. In this paper, we present a new method for automatic detection of traffic lights that integrates both image processing and support vector machine techniques. An experimental dataset with 21299 samples is built from the captured original videos while driving on the streets. When compared to the traditional object detection and existing methods, the proposed system provides significantly better performance with 96.97% precision and 99.43% recall. The system framework is extensible that users can introduce additional parameters to further improve the detection performance.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134261886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Thomas, Kai Stiens, Sebastian Rauch, R. Rojas
{"title":"Grid-based online road model estimation for advanced driver assistance systems","authors":"Julian Thomas, Kai Stiens, Sebastian Rauch, R. Rojas","doi":"10.1109/IVS.2015.7225665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2015.7225665","url":null,"abstract":"The information about the road course and individual lanes is an important requirement in driver assistance systems and for automated driving applications. It is often stored in a highly accurate offline map so that the road and the lanes are known in advance. However, there exist situations where an offline map can become unusable or invalid. This paper presents a novel approach for a road model estimation solely based on online measurements from sensors mounted on the ego vehicle. It combines perception data like detected lane markings, the movement history of dynamic objects in the vehicle's environment and detected road boundaries into a grid-based road model. This approach allows for an estimation of the road model even when one source of information is not available and offers a redundant source of information about the road, which is necessary in critical applications such as automated driving. The presented approach was tested and evaluated with a prototype vehicle and real sensor data from German highway scenarios.","PeriodicalId":294701,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129730006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}