M. Chamana, K. Schmitt, Rabindra Bhatta, Ilham Osman, Sanka Liyanage, M. Murshed, S. Bayne, Joshua Macfie
{"title":"Hierarchical Operation of Flexible Building Microgrids for Distributed Critical Loads Resiliency","authors":"M. Chamana, K. Schmitt, Rabindra Bhatta, Ilham Osman, Sanka Liyanage, M. Murshed, S. Bayne, Joshua Macfie","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611816","url":null,"abstract":"Community-scale microgrids play an essential role in serving critical loads during emergency conditions, involving the operation of breakers, tie-switches, distributed energy resources (DERs), and loads. Electric loads are primarily considered as lumped loads without many granular levels of controls. Flexible buildings offer the central microgrid management system an opportunity to shed multiple noncritical loads at granular levels by adopting Internet-of- Things (IoT) based controls. This work presents a novel bi-level optimal sequence of operations for managing the controllable devices in microgrids to serve loads, based on a priority scheme in community scale-scale microgrids. The proposed methodology is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and adapts to various operating conditions. The proposed method is validated through case studies that are performed on the Banshee microgrid benchmark model.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refueling Delay Models in Heterogenous Road Networks for Wireless Communications Base Station Gensets Operating in Extreme Conditions","authors":"V. Krishnamurthy, A. Kwasinski","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611799","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents models for calculating travel delays in heterogeneous road networks in extreme conditions. The models are developed to facilitate the calculation of fuel delivery and restoration delays in wireless communications base stations and other system nodes requiring electric power. The travel delay is calculated by representing road networks as spatial graphs whose attributes are modified by an extreme event. Travel delays are random and are characterized by a triangular distribution whose parameters, namely minimum, mode and maximum, are calculated using the developed models. Each road segment or edge's travel time is a function of its length and the type of road. The type of road is characterized by its speed limit. The travel delays to each cell site is calculated assuming that the crew and fuel trucks originate on the boundary of the analyzed region. A nuclear attack is used as an example of extreme event to exemplify the models. Results indicate that type of road, path choice and subsequent congestion post extreme event can have significant impacts on the spatial distribution of delays.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijay Banerjee, Sena Hounsinou, Harrison Gerber, Gedare Bloom
{"title":"Modular Network Stacks in the Real- Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems","authors":"Vijay Banerjee, Sena Hounsinou, Harrison Gerber, Gedare Bloom","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611788","url":null,"abstract":"Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) is a real-time operating system used by the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) open-source software for high-precision scientific instruments such as particle accelerators and telescopes. EPICS relies on the networking capabilities of RTEMS for microcontrollers that need to meet real-time constraints. However, the networking available in RTEMS either lacks the necessary drivers to be fully operational or lacks security features required in modern networks. In this paper, we introduce a modular networking architecture for RTEMS by separating the network software implementation and device drivers from the RTEMS kernel to provide them as a static library for applications to use. This networking-as-a-library concept provides application developers with better capabilities to select the network features needed for their target application and to keep their networking software undated and secure.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"28 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132609884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kurt Vedros, Georgios Michail Makrakis, C. Kolias, Min Xian, Daniel Barbará, C. Rieger
{"title":"On the Limits of EM Based Detection of Control Logic Injection Attacks In Noisy Environments","authors":"Kurt Vedros, Georgios Michail Makrakis, C. Kolias, Min Xian, Daniel Barbará, C. Rieger","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611805","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulty in applying traditional security mechanisms in Industrial Control System (ICS) environments makes a large portion of these mission-critical assets vulnerable to cyber attacks. Therefore, there is a dire need for the development of novel security mechanisms specifically designed to protect such critical systems. Recently a lot of attention has been given to mechanisms that exploit the EM emanations of devices for defense purposes. Such practices may lead to the development of robust external and non-intrusive anomaly detection systems. Nevertheless, the majority of current work in the area neglects to consider the implications of real-life environments, particularly environmental noise. In this work, we explore the limits of EM-based anomaly detection towards identifying injection attacks in control logic software in noisy environments. Our study conducted upon both synthetically generated and real signals identified that indeed environmental noise might significantly degrade the accuracy of the anomaly detection process. Experiments done upon synthetic data indicated that assuming that signals are captured with high sampling rates, even minor code injections can be detected with above-90% accuracy in noisy environments where SNR is up to −2dB. This is true even if naive detection methods are considered. Moreover, experiments done using a real-life testbed attest that even single-instruction injections can be detected with near-perfect accuracy in relatively clean environments. Finally, noise-elimination techniques can drastically improve the reliability of the detection mechanism even in noisy environments.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133493839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Vartanian, Clay Koplin, Trever Kudrna, W. Clark, Daniel R. Borneo, Jaime T. Kolln, Daisy Huang, F. Tuffner, M. Panwar, Emma E. Stewart, Lauren Khair
{"title":"Applying Utility's Advanced Grid Technologies to Improve Resiliency of a Critical Load","authors":"C. Vartanian, Clay Koplin, Trever Kudrna, W. Clark, Daniel R. Borneo, Jaime T. Kolln, Daisy Huang, F. Tuffner, M. Panwar, Emma E. Stewart, Lauren Khair","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611785","url":null,"abstract":"The US DOE Office of Electricity's Energy Storage Program's joint R&D work with the Cordova Electric Cooperative (CEC) has deployed several advanced grid technologies that are providing benefits today to Cordova Alaska's electricity users. Advanced grid technologies deployed through DoE co-funded R&D include a 1MW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and enhanced monitoring including Phasor Measurement Units (PMU's) to help better understand the operational impacts of the added BESS. This paper will highlight key accomplishments to-date in deploying and using advanced grid technologies, and then outline the next phase of work that will use these technologies to implement an operating scheme to reconfigure the utility's distribution system and utility resources including BESS to provide emergency back-up power to a critical load: the Cordova Community Medical Center (CCMC). This paper will include additional insights on the use of utility resources to support critical loads via case study examples by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Assoc. (NRECA).","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127095684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Panwar, R. Hovsapian, Fathalla Eldali, Tony Thomas, Clay Koplin
{"title":"Design of Resilient Electric Distribution Systems for Remote Communities: Surgical Load Management using Smart Meters","authors":"M. Panwar, R. Hovsapian, Fathalla Eldali, Tony Thomas, Clay Koplin","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a systematic process of designing resilient electric distribution systems and microgrids using smart meters for surgical load management (SLM) as part of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The work focuses on selection approach, integration, and interoperability aspects for AMI in microgrids. SLM is proposed as a granular control methodology for serving selective critical loads across different distribution feeders in the system during extreme events. The surgical load shedding as well as load pick-up provides a robust approach for maximizing critical load served in a resource-constrained electric distribution system or a microgrid. We present the case of a 20 MW islanded microgrid in Cordova, AK, USA, which is the demonstration site for field validation of resilience enhancement technologies for the DOE-funded Grid Modernization project RADIANCE. Cordova microgrid is an islanded distribution grid that provides an environment to prove the approach, and the techniques may also be applicable to other regional distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114828041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linyu Lin, Joomyung Lee, B. Poudel, T. McJunkin, Truc-Nam Dinh, V. Agarwal
{"title":"Enhancing the Operational Resilience of Advanced Reactors with Digital Twins by Recurrent Neural Networks","authors":"Linyu Lin, Joomyung Lee, B. Poudel, T. McJunkin, Truc-Nam Dinh, V. Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611796","url":null,"abstract":"Because of a lack of operation data during abnormal and accident scenarios, along with the existence of uncertainty in the evaluation model for transient and accident analysis, the established abnormal and emergency operating procedures can be biased in characterizing the reactor states and ensuring operational resilience. To improve state awareness and ensure operational flexibility for minimizing effects on the system due to anomaly, digital twin (DT) technology is suggested to support operator's decision-making by effectively extracting and using knowledge of the current and future plant states from the knowledge base. To demonstrate DT's capability for recovering the complete states of reactors and for predicting the future reactor behaviors, this paper develops and assesses both the diagnosis and prognosis DTs in a nearly autonomous management and control system for an Experimental Breeder Reactor-II simulator during different loss-of-flow scenarios.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128154485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hossain-McKenzie, Daniel Calzada, N. Jacobs, Chris Goes, A. Summers, K. Davis, Hanyue Li, Zeyu Mao, T. Overbye, K. Shetye
{"title":"Adaptive, Cyber-Physical Special Protection Schemes to Defend the Electric Grid Against Predictable and Unpredictable Disturbances","authors":"S. Hossain-McKenzie, Daniel Calzada, N. Jacobs, Chris Goes, A. Summers, K. Davis, Hanyue Li, Zeyu Mao, T. Overbye, K. Shetye","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611801","url":null,"abstract":"Special protection schemes (SPSs) safeguard the grid by detecting predefined abnormal conditions and deploying predefined corrective actions. Utilities leverage SPSs to maintain stability, acceptable voltages, and loading limits during disturbances. However, traditional SPSs cannot defend against unpredictable disturbances. Events such as cyber attacks, extreme weather, and electromagnetic pulses have unpredictable trajectories and require adaptive response. Therefore, we propose a harmonized automatic relay mitigation of nefarious intentional events (HARMONIE)-SPS that learns system conditions, mitigates cyber-physical consequences, and preserves grid operation during both predictable and unpredictable disturbances. In this paper, we define the HARMONIE-SPS approach, detail progress on its development, and provide initial results using a WSCC 9-bus system.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115173872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Co-Simulation Approach to Modeling Electric Vehicle Impacts on Distribution Feeders During Resilience Events","authors":"T. Haines, B. Garcia, William F. Vining, M. Lave","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611803","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a co-simulation environment used to investigate how high penetrations of electric vehicles (EV s) impact a distribution feeder during a resilience event. As EV adoption and EV supply equipment (EVSE) technology advance, possible impacts to the electric grid increase. Additionally, as weather related resilience events become more common, the need to understand possible challenges associated with EV charging during such events becomes more important. Software designed to simulate vehicle travel patterns, EV charging characteristics, and the associated electric demand can be integrated with power system software using co-simulation to provide more realistic results. The work in progress described here will simulate varying EV loading and location over time to provide insights about EVSE characteristics for maximum benefit and allow for general sizing of possible micro grids to supply EVs and critical loads.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116863178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charalambos Konstantinou, G. Stergiopoulos, M. Parvania, P. Veríssimo
{"title":"Chaos Engineering for Enhanced Resilience of Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Charalambos Konstantinou, G. Stergiopoulos, M. Parvania, P. Veríssimo","doi":"10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611797","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical systems (CPS) incorporate the complex and large-scale engineered systems behind critical infrastructure operations, such as water distribution networks, energy delivery systems, healthcare services, manufacturing systems, and transportation networks. Industrial CPS in particular need to simultaneously satisfy requirements of available, secure, safe and reliable system operation against diverse threats, in an adaptive and sustainable way. These adverse events can be of accidental or malicious nature and may include natural disasters, hardware or software faults, cyberattacks, or even infrastructure design and implementation faults. They may drastically affect the results of CPS algorithms and mechanisms, and subsequently the operations of industrial control systems (ICS) deployed in those critical infrastructures. Such a demanding combination of properties and threats calls for resilience-enhancement methodologies and techniques, working in real-time operation. However, the analysis of CPS resilience is a difficult task as it involves evaluation of various interdependent layers with heterogeneous computing equipment, physical components, network technologies, and data analytics. In this paper, we apply the principles of chaos engineering (CE) to industrial CPS, in order to demonstrate the benefits of such practices on system resilience. The systemic uncertainty of adverse events can be tamed by applying runtime CE-based analyses to CPS in production, in order to predict environment changes and thus apply mitigation measures limiting the range and severity of the event, and minimizing its blast radius.","PeriodicalId":294639,"journal":{"name":"2021 Resilience Week (RWS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}