Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications最新文献

Systemic Sclerosis 系统性硬化病

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91318

M. Borlu, Eda Öksüm Solak

{"title":"Systemic Sclerosis","authors":"M. Borlu, Eda Öksüm Solak","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91318","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, autoimmune disease which can affect the blood vessels, the visceral organs, and the skin. SSc, most commonly, develops between the ages of 30 and 50, but it can be seen at any age. In terms of skin involvement, SSc can be classified as limited or diffuse. Its etiopathogenesis is still unclear. Microvascular dysfunction is thought to be followed by immunological activation, collagen and extracellular matrix deposition, and finally fibrosis. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation. Sclerosis of the metacarpophalangeal and/or metatarsophalangeal joints is the major diagnostic criterion, whereas sclerodactylia, digital ulcers (DU), and pulmonary fibrosis are the minor criteria. SSc is diagnosed with one major criterion or two minor criteria. Detection of autoantibodies can help the diagnosis. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-centromere antibody, anti-scl 70, RNA polymerase 1 and 3, and anti-fibrillin antibody can be found positive in SSc. SSc must be differentiated from all sclerosing diseases and the diseases with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Visceral diseases, such as primary pulmonary hypertension, primary biliary cirrhosis, and infiltrative cardiomyopathy, should also be considered in its differential diagnosis. The main treatment goal is to target visceral involvement.","PeriodicalId":294085,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133496377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and KCa Channels in Endothelial Cells: A Mini-Review 内皮细胞中l -精氨酸/一氧化氮通路和KCa通道的研究进展

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-08-31 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93400

Marcelo González, José Rivas

{"title":"L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and KCa Channels in Endothelial Cells: A Mini-Review","authors":"Marcelo González, José Rivas","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93400","url":null,"abstract":"The endothelium is an organ with a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health through the regulation of vascular tone, vascular resistance, blood flow, and arterial pressure. These functions are related with the synthesis and release of vasoactive molecules, mainly vasodilators like nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Both factors are released and diffused from endothelial cells to the smooth muscle cells, where there is a subsequent activation of signaling pathways that finally decrease the intracellular calcium to induce the vascular relaxation. The study of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the endothelial function still is in development, but from the evidence obtained from the endothelial cells in vitro studies are possible to partially describe the pathways to regulate the physiological endothelial function and the disturbances in pathological conditions. In this mini-review, we describe the main mechanisms for NO synthesis and the role of potassium channels related with EDHF. We include schemes and graphical summaries for better understanding of the molecular regulation of vascular tone in the human cardiovascular system.","PeriodicalId":294085,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116008354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Rheumatic Diseases 甲襞毛细血管镜在风湿病中的应用

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.92786

A. Patil, I. Sood

引用次数: 1

Vasculitis and Vasculopathies 血管炎和血管病变

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-06-17 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92778

Ana Paula Urzedo, M. Manso, T. Faria

引用次数: 0

Treatment of Vasculitis: Beyond the Basics 血管炎的治疗:超越基础

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-06-05 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92729

M. I. Ghauri, M. Mukarram

引用次数: 0

Basic Principles in Microvascular Anastomosis and Free Tissue Transfer 微血管吻合和游离组织移植的基本原理

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91917

I. Vila, I. Couto-González, Beatriz Brea-García

引用次数: 1

Giant Cell Arteritis: Current Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment 巨细胞动脉炎:发病机制和治疗的最新进展

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91018

M. Dagostin, R. Pereira

{"title":"Giant Cell Arteritis: Current Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment","authors":"M. Dagostin, R. Pereira","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91018","url":null,"abstract":"Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common vasculitis in adults, with the incidence increasing with the advancing age. The aorta and its branches, especially the carotid extracranial branches, are the classic targets of inflammation in GCA. Visual loss, upper limb ischemia, and stroke are complications described. Suspicion of GCA is a medical emergency, and patients need to be quickly diagnosed/treated to prevent irreversible damage. Headache is the most common symptom, and a new-onset headache in older adults should always raise the suspicion of GCA. Patients may also present with scalp tenderness or tongue/jaw pain. GCA is often found to be the cause of an obscure-origin fever in older patients. A positive temporal artery biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis, but imaging techniques enable the assessment of cranial and extracranial arteries and the aorta. Ultrasound of temporal arteries is recommended and noncompressible “halo” sign is the typical finding. PET, MRI, or CT may be useful for the detection of the disease in the aorta and other vessels. The treatment must be started promptly with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. When visual symptoms/unilateral visual loss is present, methylprednisolone pulse is recommended. Methotrexate, leflunomide and tocilizumab may be effective and well-tolerated glucocorticoid-sparing agents in GCA. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in patients.","PeriodicalId":294085,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"425 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Impact of Nailfold Capillaroscopy in the Approach of Microcirculation 甲襞毛细管镜对微循环入路的影响

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90525

V. Bernardino, A. Rodrigues, A. Lladó, Melissa Fernandes, A. Panarra

引用次数: 5

The Role of Physical Activity on Insulin Resistance-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction 运动对胰岛素抵抗相关内皮功能障碍的作用

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89314

Shruti M. Gandhi, E. Nylen, S. Sen

{"title":"The Role of Physical Activity on Insulin Resistance-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction","authors":"Shruti M. Gandhi, E. Nylen, S. Sen","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89314","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness significantly impact morbidity and mortality across the spectrum of noncommunicative chronic illnesses experienced by modern lifestyles. Physical activity itself prompts an intricate interplay of physiological responses across vital organ systems including microvascular adaptations to optimize nutrient, oxygen, and hormone delivery, some of which involves insulin-mediated regulation. Insulin has been known to act on the vasculature in multiple ways by its effects on endothelium and skeletal muscle blood flow. This is important to understand as it has implications for conditions associated with insulin resistance (IR) such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, diabetes, and polycystic ovarian syndrome among others. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality contributed by endothelial dysfunction via increased atherosclerosis, hypertension, and increased free fatty acid levels. In this chapter, we will discuss the effects of insulin on the vasculature, IR on the endothelium, and lastly, what impact physical activity may have on such processes.","PeriodicalId":294085,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Applications and Mechanisms of YC-1: A Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator 可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂YC-1的治疗应用和机制

Vascular Biology - Selection of Mechanisms and Clinical Applications Pub Date : 2019-05-17 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84572

Chieh-Hsi Wu, C. Pan, Ming‐Jyh Sheu

引用次数: 2