Spatial Analysis & Techniques eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Rainfall Derivatives and Risk Management in the Wine Sector","authors":"Jacopo Volpi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3323931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3323931","url":null,"abstract":"Since their first introduction in 1996, weather derivatives have been a topic of discussion. The ongoing climate change has, in fact, increased the risks for companies that are naturally exposed to meteorological variables, raising questions on how such companies should manage these increasingly significant risks. The wine sector is one of the most exposed to these risks, including rainfall risk. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of rainfall derivatives to create a strategy for managing rainfall risk. For this purpose, both put and call options are implemented. The pricing is carried out by Monte Carlo simulations, based on a model capable of simulating daily rain. Then, rainfall derivatives are applied to the Italian wine regions of the province of Trento and of Franciacorta, and an assessment of the profitability of companies purchasing such derivatives is made to understand their effectiveness in reducing rainfall risk.","PeriodicalId":293246,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Analysis & Techniques eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130850785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS for Building Smart Cities","authors":"Mona Mahrous Abdel Wahed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3163534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3163534","url":null,"abstract":"Smart city is one where investments in human, social capital, traditional transport and modern communication, infrastructure, sustainable economic development provides a high quality of life by engaging management of natural resources, through participatory action. It is a city equipped with basic infrastructure to give a clean and sustainable environment through application of some smart solutions. Smart Solutions will enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services. \u0000A critical success factor is a need for a common technology platform to enable integration, coordination and synergistic functioning of different participants of the smart city ecosystem. A centralized information system based on GIS provides an IT framework which integrates not only every stakeholder but also every aspect of smart city processes. GIS can play a critical role in enabling government interface where citizens can share grievances, comments on the status of city infrastructure and understand the corrective measure taken by the city authorities. \u0000Geospatial data and geographic information system are essential components for building smart cities in a basic way that maps the physical world into virtual environment as a referencing framework. This paper discusses the benefits of GIS in the key 'smart' sectors: •Planning •Energy • Water • Transportation • Governance","PeriodicalId":293246,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Analysis & Techniques eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114739239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Creation and Diffusion in a Multi-Regional Setting: Conceptual Foundations for an Agent-Based Model","authors":"M. Duenser, M. Paier, Astrid Unger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3455965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3455965","url":null,"abstract":"Strong dynamics of innovation in regions are crucial for achieving national and regional economic growth objectives. In this respect, policy recommendations are being sought by European, national as well as regional policymakers. Regional innovation results from the innovative performance of firms, which increasingly have to face global competition, tightened by accelerated technological development and specialization. The necessary new knowledge can no more be created within organizations only, but has increasingly to be sourced through R&amp;D collaborations in flexible networks with partners nearby as well as from anywhere in the world. In this regard, inter-regional networks for the creation of knowledge are gaining importance for regional policy. However, there is little systematic evidence so far in Regional Science on the relationship between localised knowledge creation processes in firms and their embedding in inter-regional R&amp;D collaboration networks.<br><br>This Working Paper represents a first step towards closing this research gap by modelling knowledge creation in regions, taking into account firm-level R&amp;D collaborations, inside and outside of the region. We adopt an empirically driven agent-based modelling (ABM) approach to simulate knowledge creation in European regions. In particular, we focus on three main objectives: (i) characterising the influence of inter-regional R&amp;D collaboration on the regional knowledge creation, (ii) disentangling “local buzz” and “global pipelines” as triggers of the regional knowledge creation, and (iii) characterising technological specialization and geographical concentration tendencies (as well as future prospects) among and within European regions.<br><br>Our aim is to demonstrate the power of the ABM approach – up to now rarely used in the context of Regional Science – to analyse the interdependencies between R&amp;D networks and the technological performance as well as the collaborative behaviour of firms. Moreover, a novelty of this research is in its extensive use of empirical data for the initialization and the calibration of the ABM, which will enable us to apply the model to real world contexts: In policy experiments the effect of political framework conditions on the regional knowledge creation can be simulated, in order to support the ex-ante evaluation of different public policy measures. Both the theoretical foundation of the model and its empirical foothold will equip the simulation model with a high level of relevance for policymakers at regional, national and European levels.","PeriodicalId":293246,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Analysis & Techniques eJournal","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114312231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Patterns of Land Use and Land Intensity in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"K. Chomitz, T. Thomas","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2687","url":null,"abstract":"Using census data from the Censo Agropecuario 1995-96, the authors map indicators of current land use, and agricultural productivity across Brazil's Legal Amazon, These data permit geographical resolution about ten times finer than afforded by\"municipio\"data, used in previous studies. The authors focus on the extent, and productivity of pasture, the dominant land use in Amazonia today. Simple tabulations suggest that most agricultural land in Amazonia yields little private economic value. Nearly ninety percent of agricultural land is either devoted to pasture, or has been out of use for more than four years. About forty percent of the currently used pastureland, has a stocking ratio of less that 0.5 cattle per hectare. Tabulations also show a skewed distribution of land ownership: almost half of Amazonian farmland is located in the one percent of properties that contain more than two thousand hectares. Multivariate analyses relate forest conversion, and pasture productivity to precipitation, soil quality, infrastructure, and market access, proximity to past conversion, and protection status. The authors find precipitation to have a strong deterrent effect on agriculture. The probability that land is currently claimed, or used for agriculture, or intensively stocked with cattle, declines substantially with increasing precipitation levels, holding other factors (such as road access) constant. Proxies for land abandonment are also higher in high rainfall areas. Together these findings suggest that the wetter Western Amazon is inhospitable to exploitation for pasture, using current technologies. On the other hand, land conversion, and stocking rates are positively correlated with proximity to past clearing. This suggests that in the areas of active deforestation in eastern Amazonia, the frontier is not :hollow:, and land use intensifies over time. But this area remains a mosaic of lands with higher, and lower potential agricultural value.","PeriodicalId":293246,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Analysis & Techniques eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}