多区域环境下的知识创造与扩散:基于主体模型的概念基础

M. Duenser, M. Paier, Astrid Unger
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引用次数: 1

摘要

各区域强劲的创新活力对于实现国家和区域经济增长目标至关重要。在这方面,欧洲、国家和区域决策者正在寻求政策建议。区域创新源于企业的创新绩效,企业日益面临全球竞争,而技术发展和专业化的加速又加强了企业的创新绩效。必要的新知识不再只能在组织内部创造,而是越来越多地通过与附近的合作伙伴以及世界上任何地方的灵活网络中的研发合作来获取。在这方面,创造知识的区域间网络对区域政策越来越重要。然而,到目前为止,在区域科学中,关于企业本地化知识创造过程与其嵌入区域间研发合作网络之间关系的系统证据很少。本工作文件通过对区域知识创造建模,考虑到区域内外的公司层面的研发合作,代表了缩小这一研究差距的第一步。我们采用经验驱动的基于主体的建模(ABM)方法来模拟欧洲地区的知识创造。我们特别关注三个主要目标:(i)描述区域间研发合作对区域知识创造的影响,(ii)解开作为区域知识创造触发因素的“本地嗡嗡声”和“全球管道”的关系,以及(iii)描述欧洲区域之间和内部的技术专业化和地理集中趋势(以及未来前景)。我们的目标是证明ABM方法的力量——到目前为止很少在区域科学的背景下使用——分析研发网络和技术绩效之间的相互依赖关系以及公司的合作行为。此外,本研究的新颖之处在于其广泛使用经验数据来初始化和校准ABM,这将使我们能够将模型应用于现实世界背景:在政策实验中,可以模拟政治框架条件对区域知识创造的影响,以支持对不同公共政策措施的事前评估。模型的理论基础及其实证立足点将使模拟模型对地区、国家和欧洲层面的决策者具有高度的相关性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Knowledge Creation and Diffusion in a Multi-Regional Setting: Conceptual Foundations for an Agent-Based Model
Strong dynamics of innovation in regions are crucial for achieving national and regional economic growth objectives. In this respect, policy recommendations are being sought by European, national as well as regional policymakers. Regional innovation results from the innovative performance of firms, which increasingly have to face global competition, tightened by accelerated technological development and specialization. The necessary new knowledge can no more be created within organizations only, but has increasingly to be sourced through R&D collaborations in flexible networks with partners nearby as well as from anywhere in the world. In this regard, inter-regional networks for the creation of knowledge are gaining importance for regional policy. However, there is little systematic evidence so far in Regional Science on the relationship between localised knowledge creation processes in firms and their embedding in inter-regional R&D collaboration networks.

This Working Paper represents a first step towards closing this research gap by modelling knowledge creation in regions, taking into account firm-level R&D collaborations, inside and outside of the region. We adopt an empirically driven agent-based modelling (ABM) approach to simulate knowledge creation in European regions. In particular, we focus on three main objectives: (i) characterising the influence of inter-regional R&D collaboration on the regional knowledge creation, (ii) disentangling “local buzz” and “global pipelines” as triggers of the regional knowledge creation, and (iii) characterising technological specialization and geographical concentration tendencies (as well as future prospects) among and within European regions.

Our aim is to demonstrate the power of the ABM approach – up to now rarely used in the context of Regional Science – to analyse the interdependencies between R&D networks and the technological performance as well as the collaborative behaviour of firms. Moreover, a novelty of this research is in its extensive use of empirical data for the initialization and the calibration of the ABM, which will enable us to apply the model to real world contexts: In policy experiments the effect of political framework conditions on the regional knowledge creation can be simulated, in order to support the ex-ante evaluation of different public policy measures. Both the theoretical foundation of the model and its empirical foothold will equip the simulation model with a high level of relevance for policymakers at regional, national and European levels.
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