Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae)","authors":"A. Tamási, M. Shoge, T. Adegboyega, E. Chukwuma","doi":"10.13057/biofar/f190203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f190203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tamasi AA, Shoge MO, Adegboyega TT, Chukwuma EC. 2021. Phytochemical analysis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of the leaf extract of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae). Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 57-64. Due to the use of Senna occidentalis as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial agent traditionally, this study examined the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the isolated methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of the leaves of Senna occidentalis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard procedures. Antimicrobial activity was performed by using standard procedures against known common clinical isolates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the abundant presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate fraction. Cardiac glycosides were not detected in all the tested isolated fractions while steroids were found to be present and abundant in ethyl acetate and hexane fractions respectively. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol fraction contained 4%w/w alkaloids, 0.51%w/w flavonoids, 9.5%w/w saponins, 1.3%w/w tannins 5.5%w/w terpenoids, and 0.6%w/w total phenol content. The antimicrobial susceptibility test shows a range of inhibitory zone of 10-16 mm. Hexane fraction has the highest zone of inhibition against Candida albicans. The lowest MIC values of 0.6mg/mL and 0.2mg/mL were observed in ethyl acetate fraction against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli respectively. The highest MIC was 20mg/mL was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction against Staphylococcus aureus. The MMC values were varied widely. The MMC value against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton rubrum was 5mg/mL while the MMC value against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was 20mg/mL. The results from this study show that the leaves of Senna occidentalis can serve as a potential source of some phytochemicals and also have the potential to be developed as a source of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":293159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer mechanism of artonin E and related prenylated flavonoids from the medicinal plant Artocarpus elasticus","authors":"C. Bailly","doi":"10.13057/biofar/f190202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f190202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bailly C. 2021. Anticancer mechanism of artonin E and related prenylated flavonoids from the medicinal plant Artocarpus elasticus. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 44-56. Plants of the Artocarpus genus are largely distributed throughout tropical Asia and Oceania. Species such as A. altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg and A. heterophyllus Lam. are popular trees known as breadfruit and jackfruit, respectively. They contain a large structural diversity of bioactive prenylated flavonoids. Here we have focused on the less known species Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume which is well distributed in southeast Asia, and used in traditional medicine to treat dysentery, tuberculosis, and other diseases. Numerous prenylated flavonoids have been isolated from the leaves and bark of A. elasticus, such as artocarpesin, artocarpin, artelastin, and many others. They are endowed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. A focus is made of the subgroup of compounds designated artonins, with the derivative artonin E as a lead anticancer agent. Art-E has revealed marked anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, after oral administration. The mechanism of action of Art-E is discussed, to highlight the structural and functional analogy between Art-E and the antitumor natural product morusin. Both compounds trigger TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. They can be considered further for the development of novel anticancer agents.","PeriodicalId":293159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124623244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative wound healing potential of Mitracarpus hirtus ointment and honey in diabetic albino rats by collagen assessment","authors":"I. Bawa, Jacob Aondongusha Jato, Akyengo Ovye, Akighir John","doi":"10.13057/biofar/f190201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f190201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Inalegwu B, Jato JA, Akyengo O, Akighir J. 2021. Comparative wound healing potential of Mitracarpus hirtus ointment and honey in diabetic albino rats by collagen assessment. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 39-44. All humans will experience some type of wound in every lifetime. Most wounds heal quickly with little or no attention, but many people suffer from complex and/or persistent wounds, therefore posing a burden. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. ointment against honey in diabetic rats. To achieve this, percentage wound closure and collagen assessments were used to express treatment efficacy. Results show that on day 21, rats treated with M. hirtus ointment had the highest percentage closure (94.5%) while honey treated and non-treated recorded 90.0% and 83.3% respectively. Similarly, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed on day 21 in the total collagen deposited in wounds of diabetic rats (10.57 ± 0.7) and M. hirtus ointment treated wounds (11.77 ± 0.4) as compared with the non-treated diabetic rats. M. hirtus ointment was efficacious in healing wounds in diabetic rats and heals wound faster than honey and may hold potential for wound healing in diabetes mellitus sufferers. However, the wound healing mechanism of this ointment needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":293159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117351164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the hemostatic effects of freeze-dried extracts of selected Kenyan plants","authors":"Peter Waweru, E. G. Makunyi, Frederick Bukachi","doi":"10.13057/biofar/f170104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f170104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Makunyi EG, Bukachi F, Waweru P. 2019. Investigation of the hemostatic effects of freeze-dried extracts of selected Kenyan plants. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 39-46. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of freeze-dried extracts of Tridax procumbens, Terminalia brownii, Euphorbia tirucalli, and Asphillia africana on hemostasis. Freeze-dried extract of the selected plants was prepared and dose determined for the study. Twelve male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to two groups (control and test). Blood was collected under standard procedures. Duke's method was used for the bleeding time while the capillary method was used for clotting time. ACL Elitepro machine was used to do prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Thromboelastography was done for the most potent extracts. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and results were presented as mean± standard error of means. Differences were considered to be significant if P < 0.05. The results showed that the percentage yield of the extract was; Tridax procumbens (0.8%), Terminalia brownii (0.5%), Euphorbia tirucalli (0.2%) and Aspillia pluriseta (1.3%). Bleeding and clotting time: The bleeding time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.0068) and by freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p=0.0068). Freeze-dried leaf extract of Asphillia africana increased the bleeding time (p=0.01). The clotting time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.038), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p=0.043) and by freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p=0.01). Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time: The prothrombin time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p = 0.004), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p<0.001) and Freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p=0.001). Activated partial thromboplastin time was reduced by freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens (p< 0.001), the freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii (p<0.001) and by freeze-dried stem extract of Euphorbia tirucalli (p<0.001). The results for thromboelastogrpahy showed that four parameters of thromboelastography were tested. Freeze-dried leaf extract of Tridax procumbens reduced the r time (p =0.04), k time (p=0.04) and maximum amplitude (p =0.026) but increased the alpha angle (p =0.01). The freeze-dried bark extract of Terminalia brownii did not have statistically significant differences in thromboelastography variables.","PeriodicalId":293159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and partial characterization of d-endotoxins from some local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for insecticidal activity against the spotted stem borer","authors":"Kimani Peter Githaiga","doi":"10.13057/biofar/f170103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f170103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kimani PG, Nyambaka H, Kasina M. 2018. Screening and partial characterization of d-endotoxins from some local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for insecticidal activity against the spotted stem borer. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: 21-38. Prolonged use of synthetic chemical pesticides is environmentally undesirable, causing the rapid development of resistance among insect pests. Kenya has unexplored potential in controlling lepidopteran pests by using proteinous delta-endotoxins sourced from local isolates of a naturally occurring bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). This study attempted to identify the insecticidal proteins in some Kenyan Bt isolates, characteristic of Cry1 and/or Cry2 proteins. It also aimed to test their efficacy as affected by different temperatures and their specificity on an invasive and prevalent lepidopteran stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Delta-endotoxin crystals were isolated and purified from cultures of twenty unidentified local Bt isolates using froth floatation and centrifugation. Total protein in the resulting suspensions was quantified using the Bradford assay method, and the approximate protein yield was 3.14 ±0.084 mg/mL of nutrient broth culture with a purity level of 54.8 % ±15.3 %. Leaf-dip bioassays used for testing the efficacy of the d-endotoxins against C. partellus. Among the isolates evaluated, Bt 44 and Bt 48 had the most potent d-endotoxin crystals towards the 1st instar larvae, leading to mortality of 62.6 % and 64.8 % respectively after 72 h. The effect of the d-endotoxins' concentration and temperature on larval mortality was examined for 72 hours at temperatures of 24°C, 27°C and 31°C and levels of 0.01 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. The resulting LC50 was 52.3 µg/mL and 42.0 µg/mL, while LT50 values were 76.7h and 60.9h for Bt 44 and Bt 48, respectively. Higher efficacy found at 24°C and 31°C than at 27°C, an indication that these d-endotoxins are tolerable for local conditions where temperatures are higher than in temperate regions. The relationship between concentration and temperature was significant for d-endotoxins of Bt 48 but not those of Bt 44. A major protein component of the d-endotoxins had a molecular weight Mr ~ 130 kDa, which generates a trypsin-resistant core of Mr ~ 70 kDa. Cry protein analysis detected more Cry1 in Bt 44 than Bt 48 ?-endotoxins and no Cry2 in either. However, cry gene analysis using PCR detected the presence of both cry1 and cry2 genes in the DNA of Bt 44 but none in Bt 51, a negative control from toxicity tests against the pest. The chromatographic analysis revealed some differences in the elution profiles of d-endotoxins of both Bt 44 and Bt 48, an indication that there may be different types and amounts of the Cry toxins in the crystals or even novel proteins. These findings indicate that the two local Bt isolates expressed Cry1, and probably Cry2 proteins can control C. partellus and may, therefore, become promising sources for","PeriodicalId":293159,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123972832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}