发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

The Mind Research Repository最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Superiority in English and German: Cross-language grammatical differences? 英语和德语的优势:跨语言语法差异?
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/SYNT.12030
Jana Häussler, Margaret Grant, G. Fanselow, L. Frazier
{"title":"Superiority in English and German: Cross-language grammatical differences?","authors":"Jana Häussler, Margaret Grant, G. Fanselow, L. Frazier","doi":"10.1111/SYNT.12030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SYNT.12030","url":null,"abstract":"Do the grammars of English and German contain a ban on moving the lower of two wh - s (‘Superiority’), or is the ir lower acceptability due simply to the complexity of processing the longer dependency that results when the lower wh- is moved? The results of four acceptability judgment studies suggest that a processing-alone account is inadequate. Crossing wh -dependencies lower the acceptability of both German and English questions, but with a significantly larger penalty in English than in German (Experiment 1). The larger penalty in English cannot be attributed to greater sensitivity to violations in English, since relative clause island violations result in comparable effects in the two languages (Experiment 2). A processing- only account might claim long dependencies are easier to process in German than in English because of richer case, but a control experiment did not support this possibility (Experiment 4). We suggest that moving the lower of two wh -s is banned in the grammar in English but not in the grammar of German. This predicts that there should be a penalty for crossing dependencies in English even in helpful (Bolinger) contexts, confirmed in Experiment 3, and even in short easy- to-process sentences, confirmed by simple six word sentences in Clifton, Fanselow and Frazier (2006). Finally, if German grammar does not contain a ban on crossing, it is not surprising that the penalty in German is smaller than in English, or that like-Animacy of the two wh-s plays a larger role in German than in English since feature similarity generally gives rise to difficulty in processing whereas in English a grammatical ban on crossing will lower acceptability whether there is processing difficulty or not. Syntax","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"245 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Measuring foreign accent strength in English : Validating Levenshtein distance as a measure 测量英语外国口音强度:验证Levenshtein距离作为一种测量方法
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/22105832-00402001
Martijn Wieling, Jelke Bloem, Kaitlin Mignella, Mona Timmermeister, J. Nerbonne
{"title":"Measuring foreign accent strength in English : Validating Levenshtein distance as a measure","authors":"Martijn Wieling, Jelke Bloem, Kaitlin Mignella, Mona Timmermeister, J. Nerbonne","doi":"10.1163/22105832-00402001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00402001","url":null,"abstract":"With an eye toward measuring the strengths of foreign accents in American English, we evaluate the suitability of a modified version of the Levenshtein distance (LD) for comparing (the phonetic transcriptions of) accented pronunciations. Although this measure has been used successfully inter alia to study the differences among dialect pronunciations, it has not been applied to study foreign accents. Here, we use it to compare the pronunciation of non-native English speakers to native American English speech. Our results indicate that the Levenshtein distance is a valid native-likeness measurement, as it correlates strongly with the average \"native-like\" judgments given by more than 1000 native American English raters (r = -0.8, p < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115058856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
Constituent Order in German Multiple Questions: Normal Order and (Apparent) Anti-Superiority Effects 德国多元问题中的构成秩序:正常秩序与(明显的)反优势效应
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110401929-004
G. Fanselow, J. Haeussler, Thomas Weskott
{"title":"Constituent Order in German Multiple Questions: Normal Order and (Apparent) Anti-Superiority Effects","authors":"G. Fanselow, J. Haeussler, Thomas Weskott","doi":"10.1515/9783110401929-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110401929-004","url":null,"abstract":"In many languages of the world, in particular those with a clause-final positioning of the verb, the order of the constituents of a clause is fairly free. Nevertheless, clauses have an “unmarked” or “normal” arrangement of their constituents in most of these free constituent order languages – polysynthetic languages such as Mohawk are a notable exception (Baker, 1996). The present paper is concerned with the factors that determine whether a given constituent order is unmarked or not. In particular, we report a series of judgment experiments concerned with constituent order preferences in German multiple questions. Their results show that multiple questions are a further, hitherto unknown, argument for the claim that normal order is not just determined by (semantic) role but also by cast: normal word order for wh-phrases differs from normal word order in simple declaratives. We will offer an attempt of an explanation for this difference in terms of a hierarchy of Case assigning heads in the final section of the paper. LE-Proceedings","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132681574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Further Testing of Limits of Cognitive Plasticity: Negative Age Differences in a Mnemonic Skill Are Robust 认知可塑性极限的进一步检验:记忆技能的负年龄差异是稳健的
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.121
P. Baltes, R. Kliegl
{"title":"Further Testing of Limits of Cognitive Plasticity: Negative Age Differences in a Mnemonic Skill Are Robust","authors":"P. Baltes, R. Kliegl","doi":"10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier testing-the-limits research on age differences in cognitive plasticity of a memory skill was extended by 18 additional assessment and training sessions to explore whether older adults were able to catch up with additional practice and improved training conditions. The focus was on the method of loci, which requires mental imagination to encode and retrieve lists of words from memory in serial order. Of the original 37 subjects, 35 (16 young, ranging from 20 to 30 years ofage, and 19 older adults, ranging from 66 to 80 years of age) participated in the follow-up study. Older adults showed sizable performance deficits when compared with young adults and tested for limits of reserve capacity. The negative age difference was substantial, resistant to extensive practice, and applied to all subjects studied. The primary origin for this negative age difference may be a loss in the production and use of mental imagination for operations of the mind. Developmental Psychology","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129371456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 324
How structure-sensitive is the parser? Evidence from Mandarin Chinese 解析器对结构有多敏感?来自普通话的证据
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9781614510888.43
Zhong Chen, L. Jäger, S. Vasishth
{"title":"How structure-sensitive is the parser? Evidence from Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Zhong Chen, L. Jäger, S. Vasishth","doi":"10.1515/9781614510888.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614510888.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125867584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Testing-the-Limits and the Study of Adult Age Differences in Cognitive Plasticity of a Mnemonic Skill 记忆技能认知可塑性的极限检验与成人年龄差异研究
The Mind Research Repository Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.25.2.247
R. Kliegl, Jacqui Smith, P. Baltes
{"title":"Testing-the-Limits and the Study of Adult Age Differences in Cognitive Plasticity of a Mnemonic Skill","authors":"R. Kliegl, Jacqui Smith, P. Baltes","doi":"10.1037/0012-1649.25.2.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.25.2.247","url":null,"abstract":"Investigated the range and limits of cognitive reserve capacity as a general approach to the under- standing of age differences in cognitive functioning. Testing-the-limits is proposed as a research strategy. Data are reported from 2 training studies involving old (65 to 83 years old) and young adults (19 to 29 years old). The training, designed to engineer an expertise in serial word recall, involved instruction and practice in the Method of Loci. Substantial plasticity was evident in pretest to posttest comparisons. Participants raised their serial word recall several times above that of pretest baseline. Age-differential limits in reserve capacity were evident in amount of training gain but not in responses to conditions of increased test difficulty (speeded stimulus presentation). Group differences were magnified by the training to such a degree that age distributions barely overlapped at posttests. Testing-the-limits offers promise in terms of understanding the extent and nature of cognitive plasticity. Developmental Psychology","PeriodicalId":293042,"journal":{"name":"The Mind Research Repository","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115187817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 312
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信