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Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació最新文献

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Designing disease-resistant crops: From basic knowledge to biotechnology 设计抗病作物:从基础知识到生物技术
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2020-03-10 DOI: 10.7203/metode.11.15496
Selena Gimenez-Ibanez
{"title":"Designing disease-resistant crops: From basic knowledge to biotechnology","authors":"Selena Gimenez-Ibanez","doi":"10.7203/metode.11.15496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/metode.11.15496","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient records describe how plant diseases were attributed to many causes which included divine power, religious belief, and superstition. Far from these days, we now have detailed knowledge about how plant immunity is executed. Plants employ two types of sensors to perceive and defeat the litany of pathogenic organisms that attack them, whilst microbes deploy a myriad of specialized weapons to suppress immunity and promote infection. This opens a path to exploiting these insights to increase crop resistance. Here we describe novel biotechnological approaches for designing superior disease-resistant crops to fight agricultural losses in the field while reducing chemical inputs, towards a more sustainable agriculture that ensures food security.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131130762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Einstein and Nazi physics: When science meets ideology and prejudice 爱因斯坦和纳粹物理学:当科学遇到意识形态和偏见
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.13472
P. Ball
{"title":"Einstein and Nazi physics: When science meets ideology and prejudice","authors":"P. Ball","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.13472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.13472","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1920s and 30s, in a Germany with widespread and growing anti-Semitism, and later with the rise of Nazism, Albert Einstein’s physics faced hostility and was attacked on racial grounds. That assault was orchestrated by two Nobel laureates in physics, who asserted that stereotypical racial features are exhibited in scientific thinking. Their actions show how ideology can infect and inflect science. Reviewing this episode in the current context remains an instructive and cautionary tale.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115383111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ensayo sobre los futuros digitales 关于数字未来的文章
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.12539
R. Capurro
{"title":"Ensayo sobre los futuros digitales","authors":"R. Capurro","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.12539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.12539","url":null,"abstract":"The following reflections are based on the premise that individual and social life is open not only to a single goal, in a deterministic historical process, but rather, to a number of possibilities, among which we can find digitalisation. Society, understood as interaction among free citizens and between them and their government, must now promote everyone’s participation in the creation of potential digital futures. These must be based on fair rules and also promote digital literacy both in the sense of educating citizens in the management of digital technologies and in giving them the tools to reflect critically upon them in relation to sustainable lifestyles.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129775711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Science and political ideology: The example of Nazi Germany 科学与政治意识形态:以纳粹德国为例
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.13657
U. Deichmann
{"title":"Science and political ideology: The example of Nazi Germany","authors":"U. Deichmann","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.13657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.13657","url":null,"abstract":"Although in their basic framework Nazi anti-Semitic and racist ideology and policies were not grounded in science, scientists not only supported them in various ways, but also took advantage of them, for example by using the new possibilities of unethical experimentation in humans that these ideologies provided. Scientists’ complicity with Nazi ideology and politics does, however, not mean that all sciences in Nazi Germany were ideologically tainted. I argue, rather, that despite the fact that some areas of science continued at high levels, science in Nazi Germany was most negatively affected not by the imposition of Nazi ideology on the conduct of science but by the enactment of legal measures that ensured the expulsion of Jewish scientists. The anti-Semitism of young faculty and students was particularly virulent. Moreover, I show that scientists supported Nazi ideologies and policies not only through so-called reductionist science such as eugenics and race-hygiene, but also by promoting organicist and holistic ideologies of the racial state.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Destroyed research in Nazi Vienna: The tragic fate of the Institute for Experimental Biology in Austria 纳粹维也纳被摧毁的研究:奥地利实验生物学研究所的悲惨命运
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.14247
K. Taschwer
{"title":"Destroyed research in Nazi Vienna: The tragic fate of the Institute for Experimental Biology in Austria","authors":"K. Taschwer","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.14247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.14247","url":null,"abstract":"Relative to its size, no scientific institute was hit harder by National Socialism than Vienna’s Institute for Experimental Biology (Biologische Versuchsanstalt, BVA). Of the 33 collaborators before March 1938, 18 were expelled immediately after the «Anschluss» for racist reasons. Among them were two of the three founders and sponsors, zoologist Hans Przibram and botanist Leopold von Portheim. Seven members of the BVA were killed in the Holocaust, including Przibram. The building was destroyed by fire during the last days of the war. Afterwards the Institute remained forgotten and suppressed. It took more than 75 years after Austria’s annexation, before the Academy of Sciences – from 1914 to 1945 owner of the BVA – acknowledged the tragic history of the Institute.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127889697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Looking for the unknown soldier: Identifying the missing from the First World War 寻找无名士兵:确认第一次世界大战中失踪的士兵
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.13839
N. Márquez-Grant, Roland Wessling, Angela Öfele, Victoria Moore
{"title":"Looking for the unknown soldier: Identifying the missing from the First World War","authors":"N. Márquez-Grant, Roland Wessling, Angela Öfele, Victoria Moore","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.13839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.13839","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been an increase in the numbers of archaeologists and physical anthropologists involved in searching, locating and assisting in the identification of war casualties. These scientists have played an invaluable role within a larger team of professionals, working together to provide a dignified burial to those who fell for their country and remembering them. This paper reviews some of the work undertaken in Europe with regard to WWI casualties and how the war missing are located and ultimately identified when possible, bringing also some closure to their living relatives.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Humans 2.0: Writingthe future of humanevolution 人类2.0:书写人类进化的未来
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.10.12554
G. Marfany
{"title":"Humans 2.0: Writing\u0000the future of human\u0000evolution","authors":"G. Marfany","doi":"10.7203/METODE.10.12554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.10.12554","url":null,"abstract":"Can\u0000humans control the future evolution of our species? Based on current\u0000knowledge in genetics, one can infer and extrapolate what may happen\u0000in the near future. After all, if we are to predict the future, we\u0000must first understand the foundations of our present. To answer the\u0000first question, I will briefly present what we know about our genome\u0000and whether we have enough data to infer who we are (known as the\u0000genotype–phenotype correlation), then I will present new technological\u0000advances and their potential impact on our\u0000evolution.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114873811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The human-computerconnection: An overview of brain-computerinterfaces 人机连接:脑机接口概述
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.9.12639
J. Millán
{"title":"The human-computer\u0000connection: An overview of brain-computer\u0000interfaces","authors":"J. Millán","doi":"10.7203/METODE.9.12639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.9.12639","url":null,"abstract":"This\u0000article introduces the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI), which\u0000allows the control of devices without the generation of any active\u0000motor output but directly from the decoding of the user’s brain\u0000signals. Here we review the current state of the art in the BCI field,\u0000discussing the main components of such an interface and illustrating\u0000ongoing research questions and prototypes for controlling a large\u0000variety of devices, from virtual keyboards for communication to\u0000robotics systems to replace lost motor functions and even clinical\u0000interventions for motor rehabilitation after a stroke. The article\u0000concludes with some insights into the future of\u0000BCI.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
When the state of theart is ahead of the state of understanding: Unintuitive properties ofdeep neural networks 当心灵状态超过理解状态时:深度神经网络的非直觉属性
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.9.11035
J. Serrà
{"title":"When the state of the\u0000art is ahead of the state of understanding: Unintuitive properties of\u0000deep neural networks","authors":"J. Serrà","doi":"10.7203/METODE.9.11035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.9.11035","url":null,"abstract":"Deep\u0000learning is an undeniably hot topic, not only within both academia and\u0000industry, but also among society and the media. The reasons for the\u0000advent of its popularity are manifold: unprecedented availability of\u0000data and computing power, some innovative methodologies, minor but\u0000significant technical tricks, etc. However, interestingly, the current\u0000success and practice of deep learning seems to be uncorrelated with\u0000its theoretical, more formal understanding. And with that, deep\u0000learning’s state-of-the-art presents a number of unintuitive\u0000properties or situations. In this note, I highlight some of these\u0000unintuitive properties, trying to show relevant recent work, and\u0000expose the need to get insight into them, either by formal or more\u0000empirical means.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114815812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Robotics andautomation for societal good: Global South challenges andtechnology-policyconsiderations 为社会造福的机器人和自动化:全球南方的挑战和技术政策考虑
Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació Pub Date : 2018-11-20 DOI: 10.7203/METODE.9.12222
R. Madhavan
{"title":"Robotics and\u0000automation for societal good: Global South challenges and\u0000technology-policy\u0000considerations","authors":"R. Madhavan","doi":"10.7203/METODE.9.12222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7203/METODE.9.12222","url":null,"abstract":"Robotics\u0000and automation and artificial intelligence technologies hold immense\u0000potential in addressing many of the societal challenges as exemplified\u0000in the sustainable development goals of the 2030 agenda of the United\u0000Nations. They have the potential not only to increase the standard of\u0000living in developed countries, but to improve the quality of life in\u0000the so-called «Global South». This article discusses underlying\u0000challenges and technology-policy considerations when deploying\u0000emerging technologies in developing and developed economies. Various\u0000examples and implementations in collaboration with humanitarians,\u0000researchers and developers, and professional organizations across the\u0000globe are outlined.","PeriodicalId":291069,"journal":{"name":"Mètode Revista\nde difusió de la\ninvestigació","volume":"97 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129999053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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