Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions最新文献

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Plasmid pP62BP1 isolated from an Arctic Psychrobacter sp. strain carries two highly homologous type II restriction-modification systems and a putative organic sulfate metabolism operon. 从一株Arctic Psychrobacter sp.菌株中分离到的质粒pP62BP1携带两个高度同源的II型限制性修饰系统和一个推测的有机硫酸盐代谢操纵子。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0435-2
Robert Lasek, Lukasz Dziewit, Dariusz Bartosik
{"title":"Plasmid pP62BP1 isolated from an Arctic Psychrobacter sp. strain carries two highly homologous type II restriction-modification systems and a putative organic sulfate metabolism operon.","authors":"Robert Lasek,&nbsp;Lukasz Dziewit,&nbsp;Dariusz Bartosik","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0435-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0435-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pP62BP1 (34,467 bp), isolated from Arctic Psychrobacter sp. DAB_AL62B, was determined and annotated. The conserved plasmid backbone is composed of several genetic modules, including a replication system (REP) with similarities to the REP region of the iteron-containing plasmid pPS10 of Pseudomonas syringae. The additional genetic load of pP62BP1 includes two highly related type II restriction-modification systems and a set of genes (slfRCHSL) encoding enzymes engaged in the metabolism of organic sulfates, plus a putative transcriptional regulator (SlfR) of the AraC family. The pP62BP1 slf locus has a compact and unique structure. It is predicted that the enzymes SlfC, SlfH, SlfS and SlfL carry out a chain of reactions leading to the transformation of alkyl sulfates into acyl-CoA, with dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a possible starting substrate. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of pP62BP1 and other Psychrobacter spp. plasmids revealed their structural diversity. However, the presence of a few highly conserved DNA segments in pP62BP1, plasmid 1 of P. cryohalolentis K5 and pRWF-101 of Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1 is indicative of recombinational shuffling of genetic information, and is evidence of lateral gene transfer in the Arctic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"363-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0435-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Effect of C-terminal truncation on enzyme properties of recombinant amylopullulanase from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus. c端截断对假乙醇热厌氧菌重组支链葡聚糖酶酶学性质的影响。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0438-z
Fu-Pang Lin, Yi-Hsuan Ho, Hsu-Yang Lin, Hui-Ju Lin
{"title":"Effect of C-terminal truncation on enzyme properties of recombinant amylopullulanase from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus.","authors":"Fu-Pang Lin,&nbsp;Yi-Hsuan Ho,&nbsp;Hsu-Yang Lin,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0438-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0438-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The smallest and enzymatically active molecule, TetApuQ818, was localized within the C-terminal Q818 amino acid residue after serial C-terminal truncation analysis of the recombinant amylopullulanase molecule (TetApuM955) from Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus. Kinetic analyses indicated that the overall catalytic efficiency, k (cat)/K (m), of TetApuQ818 was 8-32% decreased for the pullulan and the soluble starch substrate, respectively. Changes to the substrate affinity, K (m), and the turnover rate, k (cat), were decreased significantly in both enzymatic activities of TetApuQ818. TetApuQ818 exhibited less thermostability than TetApuM955 when the temperature was raised above 85°C, but it had similar substrate-binding ability and hydrolysis products toward various substrates as TetApuM955 did. Both enzymes showed similar spectroscopies of fluorescence and circular dichroism, suggesting the active folding conformation was maintained after this C-terminal Q818 deletion. This study suggested that the binding ability of insoluble starch by TetApuM955 did not rely on the putative C-terminal carbohydrate binding module family 20 (CBM20) and two FnIII regions of TetApu, though the integrity of the AamyC module of TetApuQ818 was required for the enzyme activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"395-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0438-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Validation of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in an ice alga Chlamydomonas during freezing acclimation. 冰藻衣藻在冷冻驯化过程中基因表达研究的内务基因验证。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0441-4
Chenlin Liu, Guangting Wu, Xiaohang Huang, Shenghao Liu, Bailin Cong
{"title":"Validation of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in an ice alga Chlamydomonas during freezing acclimation.","authors":"Chenlin Liu,&nbsp;Guangting Wu,&nbsp;Xiaohang Huang,&nbsp;Shenghao Liu,&nbsp;Bailin Cong","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0441-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0441-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antarctic ice alga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L can endure extreme low temperature and high salinity stress under freezing conditions. To elucidate the molecular acclimation mechanisms using gene expression analysis, the expression stabilities of ten housekeeping genes of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L during freezing stress were analyzed. Some discrepancies were detected in the ranking of the candidate reference genes between geNorm and NormFinder programs, but there was substantial agreement between the groups of genes with the most and the least stable expression. RPL19 was ranked as the best candidate reference genes. Pairwise variation (V) analysis indicated the combination of two reference genes was sufficient for qRT-PCR data normalization under the experimental conditions. Considering the co-regulation between RPL19 and RPL32 (the most stable gene pairs given by geNorm program), we propose that the mean data rendered by RPL19 and GAPDH (the most stable gene pairs given by NormFinder program) be used to normalize gene expression values in Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L more accurately. The example of FAD3 gene expression calculation demonstrated the importance of selecting an appropriate category and number of reference genes to achieve an accurate and reliable normalization of gene expression during freeze acclimation in Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"419-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0441-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40176513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Overexpression in a non-native halophilic host and biotechnological potential of NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Halobacterium salinarum strain NRC-36014. NRC-36014菌株NAD+依赖性谷氨酸脱氢酶在非原生嗜盐宿主中的过表达及其生物技术潜力
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0446-z
Nayla Munawar, Paul C Engel
{"title":"Overexpression in a non-native halophilic host and biotechnological potential of NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Halobacterium salinarum strain NRC-36014.","authors":"Nayla Munawar,&nbsp;Paul C Engel","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0446-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0446-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enzymes produced by halophilic archaea are generally heat resistant and organic solvent tolerant, and accordingly important for biocatalytic applications in 'green chemistry', frequently requiring a low-water environment. NAD(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from an extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum strain NRC-36014 was selected to explore the biotechnological potential of this enzyme and genetically engineered derivatives. Over-expression in a halophilic host Haloferax volcanii provided a soluble, active recombinant enzyme, not achievable in mesophilic Escherichia coli, and an efficient purification procedure was developed. pH and salt dependence, thermostability, organic solvent stability and kinetic parameters were explored. The enzyme is active up to 90 °C and fully stable up to 70 °C. It shows good tolerance of various miscible organic solvents. High concentrations of salt may be substituted with 30 % DMSO or betaine with good stability and activity. The robustness of this enzyme under a wide range of conditions offers a promising scaffold for protein engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"463-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0446-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40176515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Life at the hyperarid margin: novel bacterial diversity in arid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile. 极端干旱边缘的生命:智利阿塔卡马沙漠干旱土壤中的新型细菌多样性。
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0454-z
Julia W Neilson, Jay Quade, Marianyoly Ortiz, William M Nelson, Antje Legatzki, Fei Tian, Michelle LaComb, Julio L Betancourt, Rod A Wing, Carol A Soderlund, Raina M Maier
{"title":"Life at the hyperarid margin: novel bacterial diversity in arid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile.","authors":"Julia W Neilson, Jay Quade, Marianyoly Ortiz, William M Nelson, Antje Legatzki, Fei Tian, Michelle LaComb, Julio L Betancourt, Rod A Wing, Carol A Soderlund, Raina M Maier","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0454-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-012-0454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly half the earth's surface is occupied by dryland ecosystems, regions susceptible to reduced states of biological productivity caused by climate fluctuations. Of these regions, arid zones located at the interface between vegetated semiarid regions and biologically unproductive hyperarid zones are considered most vulnerable. The objective of this study was to conduct a deep diversity analysis of bacterial communities in unvegetated arid soils of the Atacama Desert, to characterize community structure and infer the functional potential of these communities based on observed phylogenetic associations. A 454-pyrotag analysis was conducted of three unvegetated arid sites located at the hyperarid-arid margin. The analysis revealed communities with unique bacterial diversity marked by high abundances of novel Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi and low levels of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, phyla that are dominant in many biomes. A 16S rRNA gene library of one site revealed the presence of clones with phylogenetic associations to chemoautotrophic taxa able to obtain energy through oxidation of nitrite, carbon monoxide, iron, or sulfur. Thus, soils at the hyperarid margin were found to harbor a wealth of novel bacteria and to support potentially viable communities with phylogenetic associations to non-phototrophic primary producers and bacteria capable of biogeochemical cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"553-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40176988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydroxybutyrate prevents protein aggregation in the halotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. CT13 under abiotic stress. 在非生物胁迫下,羟基丁酸可防止耐盐细菌假单胞菌CT13中的蛋白质聚集。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0445-0
Gabriela Soto, Lorena Setten, Christian Lisi, Camila Maurelis, Matteo Mozzicafreddo, Massimiliano Cuccioloni, Mauro Angeletti, Nicolás Daniel Ayub
{"title":"Hydroxybutyrate prevents protein aggregation in the halotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. CT13 under abiotic stress.","authors":"Gabriela Soto,&nbsp;Lorena Setten,&nbsp;Christian Lisi,&nbsp;Camila Maurelis,&nbsp;Matteo Mozzicafreddo,&nbsp;Massimiliano Cuccioloni,&nbsp;Mauro Angeletti,&nbsp;Nicolás Daniel Ayub","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0445-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0445-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a typical carbon and energy storage compound, is widely found in Bacteria and Archae domains. This polymer is produced in response to conditions of physiological stress. PHB is composed of repeating units of β-hydroxybutyrate (R-3HB). It has been previously shown that R-3HB functions as an osmolyte in extremophile strains. In this study, Pseudomonas sp. CT13, a halotolerant bacterium, and its PHB synthase-minus mutant (phaC) were used to analyze the chaperone role of R-3HB. The production of this compound was found to be essential to salt stress resistance and positively correlated with salt concentration, suggesting that PHB monomer acts as a compatible solute in Pseudomonas sp. CT13. R-3HB accumulation was also associated with the prevention of protein aggregation under combined salt and thermal stresses in Pseudomonas sp. CT13. Physiological concentrations of R-3HB efficiently reduced citrate synthase (CS) aggregation and stabilized the enzymatic activities of CS during thermal stress. Docking analysis of the CS/R-3HB interaction predicted the stability of this complex under physiological concentrations of R-3HB. Thus, in vivo, in vitro and in silico analyses suggest that R-3HB can act as a chemical chaperone.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"455-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0445-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40176514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov., the first described mesophilic species of the Thermotogales. Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov.,第一个被描述的中温菌种。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0
Camilla L Nesbø, Danielle M Bradnan, Abigail Adebusuyi, Marlena Dlutek, Amanda K Petrus, Julia Foght, W Ford Doolittle, Kenneth M Noll
{"title":"Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov., the first described mesophilic species of the Thermotogales.","authors":"Camilla L Nesbø,&nbsp;Danielle M Bradnan,&nbsp;Abigail Adebusuyi,&nbsp;Marlena Dlutek,&nbsp;Amanda K Petrus,&nbsp;Julia Foght,&nbsp;W Ford Doolittle,&nbsp;Kenneth M Noll","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel mesophilic member of the Thermotogales, strain MesG1.Ag.4.2, was isolated from sediments from Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA. The strain grew optimally at 37 °C with a doubling time of 16.5 h on xylose. Carbohydrates and proteinaceous compounds supported growth and pentoses were preferred over hexoses. The strain was strictly anaerobic and growth was slightly stimulated by thiosulfate, sulfite, and elemental sulfur. The G + C content of its genomic DNA was 45.3 mol%. Strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 and Kosmotoga olearia lipids were analyzed. Strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 contained no long-chain dicarboxylic acids and its major phospholipid was lyso-phosphatidylserine. Long-chain dicarboxylic acids were found in K. olearia and its major phospholipid was cardiolipin, a lipid not yet reported in Thermotogales species. Phylogenetic analyses of its two 16S rRNA genes placed strain MesG1.Ag.4.2 within the bacterial order Thermotogales. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and its low optimal growth temperature, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Thermotogaceae, order Thermotogales. The name Mesotoga prima gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. prima is MesG1.Ag.4.2 (= DSM 24739 = ATCC BAA-2239).</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"387-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0437-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40158527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
Effects of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Meiothermus ruber CBS-01 trehalose synthase on thermostability and activity. 橡胶减温菌CBS-01海藻糖合成酶n端和c端结构域对热稳定性和活性的影响
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0436-1
Yufan Wang, Jun Zhang, Wenwen Wang, Yanchao Liu, Laijun Xing, Mingchun Li
{"title":"Effects of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Meiothermus ruber CBS-01 trehalose synthase on thermostability and activity.","authors":"Yufan Wang,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Wenwen Wang,&nbsp;Yanchao Liu,&nbsp;Laijun Xing,&nbsp;Mingchun Li","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0436-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0436-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous trehalose synthases (TreS) from thermophilic microorganisms have extra C-terminal domains. To determine the function of the N- and C-terminal domains of TreS from the thermophilic bacterium Meiothermus ruber CBS-01, the two domains were expressed. From the findings, the N-terminal domain from M. ruber was not active when compared with that from Thermus thermophilus, which had been studied previously. The circular dichroism spectrum showed that the secondary structure of N-terminal domain from M. ruber underwent a greater change than that of C terminus. In addition, the N-terminal domain from T. thermophilus and C terminus from M. ruber were fused. The fusion protein TSTtMr was more efficient and thermostable than the TreS from M. ruber. The N-terminal domain from M. ruber and C terminus from T. thermophilus were fused. The optimum temperature and thermostability of fusion protein TSMrTt were similar to the TreS from M. ruber. It was presumed that aside from the C-terminal domain, the N-terminal domain of TreS from thermophilic bacteria could influence thermostability. For the TreS from M. ruber, the mutant protein R392F led to a complete loss in activity, and R392A showed a sharp decrease in activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"377-85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0436-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40152568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Homogeneous incorporation of secondary cell wall polysaccharides to the cell wall of Thermus thermophilus HB27. 次级细胞壁多糖均匀结合到嗜热热菌HB27细胞壁。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0448-x
Federico Acosta, Miguel A de Pedro, José Berenguer
{"title":"Homogeneous incorporation of secondary cell wall polysaccharides to the cell wall of Thermus thermophilus HB27.","authors":"Federico Acosta,&nbsp;Miguel A de Pedro,&nbsp;José Berenguer","doi":"10.1007/s00792-012-0448-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0448-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular surface protein layers (S-layers) from most Gram-positive bacteria and from the ancestral bacterium Thermus thermophilus attach to pyruvylated polysaccharides (SCWP) covalently bound to the peptidoglycan through their SLH domain. However, it is not known whether the synthesis of SCWP and S-layer is coordinated enough as to follow a similar pattern of incorporation to the cell wall during growth. In this work we analyse the localization of newly synthesized SCWP on the cell wall of T. thermophilus by immunoelectron microscopy. For this, we obtained mutants with a reduced amount of pyruvylated SCWP through mutation of the csaB gene encoding the SCWP-pyruvylating activity, and its upstream gene csaA, a putative sugar transporter. We hypothesized that CsaA would be required for the synthesis of the SCWP. However, we found that csaA mutants showed only a minor decrease in the amount of SCWP immunodetected on the cell walls in comparison with csaB mutants, revealing its irrelevance in the process. Complementation experiments of csaB mutants with CsaB expressed from inducible promoters revealed that newly synthesized SCWP was homogeneously distributed along the cell wall. Fusions with thermostable fluorescent protein revealed that CsaB was distributed also in homogeneous pattern associated with the membrane. These data support that synthesis of SCWP takes place in disperse and homogeneous form all over the cell surface, in contrast to the zonal incorporation at the cell centre recently demonstrated for SlpA.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"485-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-012-0448-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40176517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Localized synthesis of the outer envelope from Thermus thermophilus. 嗜热菌外包膜的局部合成。
IF 2.9
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Pub Date : 2012-03-01 Epub Date: 2012-01-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0427-7
Federico Acosta, Laura Alvarez, Miguel Angel de Pedro, José Berenguer
{"title":"Localized synthesis of the outer envelope from Thermus thermophilus.","authors":"Federico Acosta,&nbsp;Laura Alvarez,&nbsp;Miguel Angel de Pedro,&nbsp;José Berenguer","doi":"10.1007/s00792-011-0427-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-011-0427-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In agreement with its distinct phylogenetic origin, the envelope of Thermus thermophilus consists of a complex pattern of layers with properties intermediate between those of Gram positives and Proteobacteria. Its cell wall of Gram positive composition is surrounded by an outer envelope that includes a crystalline layer scaffold built up by the SlpA protein, lipids and polysaccharides. The synthesis of this outer envelope has been studied by confocal microscopy. Available amino groups from the cell surface, mainly belonging to the SlpA protein, were covalently labelled in vivo with fluorescent dyes. Stained cells were able to grow without any apparent loss of viability, allowing the localization of the regions of new synthesis as dark nonfluorescent spots. Our results demonstrate that the outer envelope of T. thermophilus is synthesized from a central point in the cells, likely following a helical pattern. Cell poles and subpolar regions are basically inert and retain their label for generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"267-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-011-0427-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39966998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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