Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions最新文献

{"title":"Organic layer characteristics and microbial utilization of the biosulfur globules produced by haloalkaliphilic Thioalkalivibrio versutus D301 during biological desulfurization.","authors":"Zhixia Liu, Maohua Yang, Tingzhen Mu, Jinlong Liu, Linxu Chen, Delu Miao, Jianmin Xing","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01274-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-022-01274-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The haloalkaliphilic genus Thioalkalivibrio, widely used in bio-desulfurization, can oxidize H₂S to S^o, which is excreted outside cells in the form of biosulfur globules. As by-product of bio-desulfurization, information on biosulfur globules is still very scant, which limits its high-value utilization. In this paper, the characteristics of biosulfur globules produced by Thioalkalivibrio versutus D301 and the possibility of cultivating sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as a high biological-activity sulfur source were studied. The sulfur element in the biosulfur globules existed in the form α-S₈, which was similar to chemical sulfur. The biosulfur globule was wrapped with an organic layer composed of polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of this organic layer could change. In the formation stage of biosulfur globules, the organic layer was dominated by polysaccharides, and in later stage, proteins became the main component. We speculated that the organic layer was mainly formed by the passive adsorption of organic matter secreted by cells. The existence of organic layer endowed biosulfur with better bioavailability. Compared with those found using chemical sulfur, the growth rates of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377^T, Thiomicrospira microaerophila BDL05 and Thioalkalibacter halophilus BDH06 using biosulfur increased several folds to an order of magnitude, indicating that biosulfur was a good sulfur source for cultivating sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40625661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halorientalis salina sp. nov., Halorientalis marina sp. nov., Halorientalis litorea sp. nov.: three extremely halophilic archaea isolated from a salt lake and coarse sea salt.","authors":"Bei-Bei Wang, Ya-Ping Sun, Zhang-Ping Wu, Xi-Wen Zheng, Jing Hou, Heng-Lin Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01275-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-022-01275-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three halophilic archaeal strains, NEN8^T, GDY88^T and ZY14^T, were isolated from a salt lake in Tibet and coarse sea salt samples from Guangdong and Hebei, China, respectively. These strains formed three separate clades (showing 94.4-95.8% and 87.1-89.4% similarities, respectively) and then clustered with the current Halorientalis members (showing 90.7-97.6% and 87.0-91.2% similarities, respectively), as revealed by phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and rpoB' genes. The overall genome-related index, average nucleotide identity (ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), average amino acid identity (AAI) and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values, among the three strains and members of the genus Halorientalis were 76.0-88.0%, 21.3-37.2%, 69.0-88.3% and 57.7-78.1%, clearly below the threshold values for species demarcation. Strains NEN8^T, GDY88^T and ZY14^T could be distinguished from current Halorientalis species according to differential phenotypic characteristics. The major polar lipids of the three strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and disulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S₂-DGD). In addition, mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1) was detected in strain NEN8^T and phosphatidic acid (PA), posssulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-TGD-1) and sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether-phosphatidic acid (S-DGD-PA) were observed in strain ZY14^T. These results revealed that strains NEN8^T (= CGMCC 1.17213^T = JCM 34155^T), GDY88^T (= CGMCC 1.18548^T = JCM 34481^T) and ZY14^T (= CGMCC 1.17178^T = JCM 34154^T) represent three novel species of the genus Halorientalis, for which the names Halorientalis salina sp. nov., Halorientalis marina sp. nov. and Halorientalis litorea sp. nov. are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40598033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of heavy metal-resistant Halobacterium salinarum isolated from Sfax solar saltern sediments.","authors":"Houda Baati,&nbsp;Mariem Siala,&nbsp;Chafai Azri,&nbsp;Emna Ammar,&nbsp;Christopher Dunlap,&nbsp;Mohamed Trigui","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01273-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-022-01273-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The draft genome sequences of five archaeal strains, isolated from Sfax solar saltern sediments and affiliated with Halobacterium salinarum, were analyzed in order to reveal their adaptive strategies to live in hypersaline environments polluted with heavy metals. The genomes of the strains (named AS1, AS2, AS8, AS11, and AS19) are found to contain 2,060,688; 2,467,461; 2,236,624; 2,432,692; and 2,428,727 bp respectively, with a G + C content of 65.5, 66.0, 67.0, and 66.2%. The majority of these genes (43.69-55.65%) are annotated as hypothetical proteins. Growth under osmotic stress is possible by genes coding for potassium uptake, sodium efflux, and kinases, as well as stress proteins, DNA repair systems, and proteasomal components. These strains harbor many genes responsible for metal transport/resistance, such as: copper-translocating P-type ATPases, ABC transporter, and cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance protein. In addition, detoxification enzymes and secondary metabolites are also identified. The results show strain AS1, as compared to the other strains, is more adapted to heavy metals and may be used in the bioremediation of multi-metal contaminated environments. This study highlights the presence of several commercially valuable bioproducts (carotenoids, retinal proteins, exopolysaccharide, stress proteins, squalene, and siderophores) and enzymes (protease, sulfatase, phosphatase, phosphoesterase, and chitinase) that can be used in many industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9288257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40528280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil substrate culturing approaches recover diverse members of Actinomycetota from desert soils of Herring Island, East Antarctica.","authors":"Nicole Benaud,&nbsp;Devan S Chelliah,&nbsp;Sin Yin Wong,&nbsp;Belinda C Ferrari","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01271-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-022-01271-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating health crisis requiring urgent action. Most antimicrobials are natural products (NPs) sourced from Actinomycetota, particularly the Streptomyces. Underexplored and extreme environments are predicted to harbour novel microorganisms with the capacity to synthesise unique metabolites. Herring Island is a barren and rocky cold desert in East Antarctica, remote from anthropogenic impact. We aimed to recover rare and cold-adapted NP-producing bacteria, by employing two culturing methods which mimic the natural environment: direct soil culturing and the soil substrate membrane system. First, we analysed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data from 18 Herring Island soils and selected the soil sample with the highest Actinomycetota relative abundance (78%) for culturing experiments. We isolated 166 strains across three phyla, including novel and rare strains, with 94% of strains belonging to the Actinomycetota. These strains encompassed thirty-five 'species' groups, 18 of which were composed of Streptomyces strains. We screened representative strains for genes which encode polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, indicating that 69% have the capacity to synthesise polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide NPs. Fourteen Streptomyces strains displayed antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and yeast pathogens using an in situ assay. Our results confirm that the cold-adapted bacteria of the harsh East Antarctic deserts are worthy targets in the search for bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9279279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40590174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for anti-oxidative stress and anti-acid stress in bioleaching of LiCoO₂ using an acidophilic microbial consortium.","authors":"Dehong Liu, Hongjie Shi, Guanglin Chen, Xu Zhang, Tingyue Gu, Minglong Zhu, Wensong Tan","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01270-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-022-01270-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High metal ion concentrations and low pH cause severely inhibit the activity of an acidophilic microbial consortium (AMC) in bioleaching. This work investigated the effects of exogenous spermine on biofilm formation and the bioleaching efficiency of LiCoO₂ by AMC in 9K medium. After the addition of 1 mM spermine, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase increased, while the amount of H₂O₂, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in AMC decreased. These results indicated that the ability of AMC biofilm to resist oxidative stress introduced by 3.5 g/L Li⁺ and 30.1 g/L Co²⁺ was improved by spermine. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase was promoted to restore the intracellular pH buffering ability of AMC. Electrochemical measurements showed that the oxidation rate of pyrite was increased by exogenous spermine. As a result, high bioleaching efficiencies of 97.1% for Li⁺ and 96.1% for Co²⁺ from a 5.0% (w v^-1) lithium cobalt oxide powder slurry were achieved. This work demonstrated that Tafel polarization can be used to monitor the AMC biofilm's ability of uptaking electrons from pyrite during bioleaching. The corrosion current density increased with 1 mM spermine, indicating enhanced electron uptake by the biofilm from pyrite.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asgard archaea in saline environments.","authors":"Horia L Banciu, Ionuț M Gridan, Adrian V Zety, Andreea Baricz","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01266-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-022-01266-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of candidate Asgardarchaeota superphylum appear to share numerous eukaryotic-like attributes thus being broadly explored for their relevance to eukaryogenesis. On the contrast, the ecological roles of Asgard archaea remains understudied. Asgard archaea have been frequently associated to low-oxygen aquatic sedimentary environments worldwide spanning a broad but not extreme salinity range. To date, the available information on diversity and potential biogeochemical roles of Asgardarchaeota mostly sourced from marine habitats and to a much lesser extend from true saline environments (i.e., > 3% w/v total salinity). Here, we provide an overview on diversity and ecological implications of Asgard archaea distributed across saline environments and briefly explore their metagenome-resolved potential for osmoadaptation. Loki-, Thor- and Heimdallarchaeota are the dominant Asgard clades in saline habitats where they might employ anaerobic/microaerophilic organic matter degradation and autotrophic carbon fixation. Homologs of primary solute uptake ABC transporters seemingly prevail in Thorarchaeota, whereas those putatively involved in trehalose and ectoine biosynthesis were mostly inferred in Lokiarchaeota. We speculate that Asgardarchaeota might adopt compatible solute-accumulating ('salt-out') strategy as response to salt stress. Our current understanding on the distribution, ecology and salt-adaptive strategies of Asgardarchaeota in saline environments are, however, limited by insufficient sampling and incompleteness of the available metagenome-assembled genomes. Extensive sampling combined with 'omics'- and cultivation-based approaches seem, therefore, crucial to gain deeper knowledge on this particularly intriguing archaeal lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40400878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halomonas faecis sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from human faeces.","authors":"Zhu-Xiang Liu, Jin-Hua Chen, Ling-Ling Yang, Yu-Zhou Feng, Li-Ying Deng, Jian-Wu He, Shu-Kun Tang, Yi-Guang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00792-022-01269-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-022-01269-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-sporulating, non-motile rod, designated strain JSM 104105^T, was isolated from human faeces. Strain JSM 104105^T was able to grow with 0.5-18% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4-9%), at pH 6-10.5 (optimum pH 7-8) and at 10-40 °C (optimum 30 °C) in complex media. The major cellular fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0, C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c and C_12:0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9 and the genomic DNA G + C content was 64.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 104105^T should be assigned to the genus Halomonas, and was most closely related to Halomonas gudaonensis SL014B-69^T (99.0% sequence similarity), followed by Halomonas azerbaijanica TBZ202^T (98.6%) and Halomonas lysinitropha 3(2)^T (97.3%). The whole genomic analysis showed that strain JSM 104105^T constituted a different taxon separated from the recognized Halomonas species. Combined data from phenotypic and genotypic studies demonstrated that strain JSM 104105^T represents a new species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas faecis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 104105^T (= CCTCC AB 2014160^T = CGMCC 1.12945^T = KCTC 42146^T).</p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39986819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of in situ microbial activity and sulphidogenesis in perennially sub-0 °C and hypersaline sediments of a high Arctic permafrost spring.","authors":"Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon,&nbsp;Raven Comery,&nbsp;Charles W Greer,&nbsp;Lyle G Whyte","doi":"10.1007/s00792-014-0703-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0703-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lost hammer (LH) spring perennially discharges subzero hypersaline reducing brines through thick layers of permafrost and is the only known terrestrial methane seep in frozen settings on Earth. The present study aimed to identify active microbial communities that populate the sediments of the spring outlet, and verify whether such communities vary seasonally and spatially. Microcosm experiments revealed that the biological reduction of sulfur compounds (SR) with hydrogen (e.g., sulfate reduction) was potentially carried out under combined hypersaline and subzero conditions, down to -20 °C, the coldest temperature ever recorded for SR. Pyrosequencing analyses of both 16S rRNA (i.e., cDNA) and 16S rRNA genes (i.e., DNA) of sediments retrieved in late winter and summer indicated fairly stable bacterial and archaeal communities at the phylum level. Potentially active bacterial and archaeal communities were dominated by clades related to the T78 Chloroflexi group and Halobacteria species, respectively. The present study indicated that SR, hydrogenotrophy (possibly coupled to autotrophy), and short-chain alkane degradation (other than methane), most likely represent important, previously unaccounted for, metabolic processes carried out by LH microbial communities. Overall, the obtained findings provided additional evidence that the LH system hosts active communities of anaerobic, halophilic, and cryophilic microorganisms despite the extreme conditions in situ. </p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-014-0703-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32801654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic tools for the piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus yayanosii.","authors":"Xuegong Li,&nbsp;Ling Fu,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Xiaopan Ma,&nbsp;Xiang Xiao,&nbsp;Jun Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00792-014-0705-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0705-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hyperthermophile Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1 is the only high-pressure-requiring microorganism obtained thus far within the archaea domain or among all non-psychrophiles in any domain. In this study, we developed a genetic manipulation system for P. yayanosii after first isolating a facultatively piezophilic derivative strain, designated P. yayanosii A1. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene was overexpressed in strain P. yayanosii A1 and was demonstrated to confer host cell resistance against simvastatin. Furthermore, using simvastatin as a selection marker, the endogenous pyrF of P. yayanosii A1 was disrupted through homologous recombination, thus generating the additional host strain P. yayanosii A2 (ΔpyrF). A markerless gene disruption vector was constructed by incorporating a pyrF-sim (R) cassette that enables the combined use of simvastatin resistance for positive selection and 5-FOA for counter selection. The utility of this versatile disruption system was demonstrated by deleting the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase of P. yayanosii strain A1. These results demonstrate that a variety of genetic tools are now in place to study unknown gene function and the molecular mechanisms of piezophilic adaptation in P. yayanosii. </p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00792-014-0705-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32810381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic template-free synthesis of dsDNA by Thermococcus nautili primase PolpTN2, DNA polymerase PolB, and pTN2 helicase.","authors":"Pierre Béguin, Sukhvinder Gill, Nicole Charpin, Patrick Forterre","doi":"10.1007/s00792-014-0706-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00792-014-0706-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A combination of three enzymes from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus nautili, DNA primase PolpTN2, DNA polymerase PolB, and pTN2 DNA helicase, was found to synthesize up to 300-400 ng/µl dsDNA from deoxynucleotide triphosphates in less than 30 min in the absence of added template DNA and oligonucleotide primer. The reaction did not occur below 64 °C. No synthesis was observed if PolpTN2 or PolB were left out; helicase was not essential but accelerated the reaction. The DNA synthesized consisted of highly reiterated palindromic sequences reaching up to more that 10 kb. Sequence analysis of three independent reaction products synthesized at different temperatures showed that the palindromes shared a common pentanucleotide core, suggesting that random nucleic acid fragments were not responsible for priming the reaction. When enzymes were added sequentially, preincubation with primase plus helicase followed by PolB led to a shorter delay before the onset of the reaction as compared to preincubation with PolB plus helicase followed by primase. This suggests that the primase generates seeds that are subsequently amplified and elongated in synergy with PolB by a mechanism involving hairpin formation and slippage synthesis. </p>","PeriodicalId":288153,"journal":{"name":"Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions","volume":" ","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32833623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}