City of Big ShouldersPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0002
Robert G. Spinney
{"title":"Chigagou Becomes Chicago, 1750–1835","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the Americans that sought excitement and potential wealth of the frontier and headed for the remote settlement of Chigagou in the late 1700s and early 1800s. It describes Chigagou as a typical North American frontier settlement that includes wealthy speculators, dirty fur trappers, and fugitives from justice that sought shelter in run-down flophouses. It also highlights the period between 1750 and 1835, in which the French, British, Anglo-American settlers, and Native Americans jockeyed for control over North America. The chapter illustrates how the little settlement of Chigagou was emblematic of the European conflicts between the French and British as it passed from French control to British authority and finally to American control within a thirty-year period. It analyzes Chigagou in the early 1800s that began to look like an Anglo-American town that is more appropriately referred to by its Europeanized name of Chicago.","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenges of the Post-Machine Years, 1976–1997","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks into the Democratic National Convention that returned to Chicago in 1996. It describes the Convention as the first presidential-nominating convention to be held in Chicago since the infamous and nationally televised 1968 Democratic National Convention. The chapter mentions Michael Bilandic, a shy, careful, competent, and hardworking lawyer, who succeeded Richard J. Daley as mayor of Chicago in 1976. It investigates how Bilandic kept Chicago on a straight course, even if he did not provide dynamic leadership. It also recounts Bilandic's undoing due to the fabled Blizzard of 1979, in which record-breaking snowstorms hit Chicago and caused a cold spell that kept the snow on the ground for fifty days.","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114960963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. The New Immigration, 1880–1920","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134551225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
City of Big ShouldersPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0007
Robert G. Spinney
{"title":"The New Immigration, 1880–1920","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the large numbers of immigrants who came to Chicago in the years between 1880 and 1920. It talks about the 2.5 million immigrants that were mostly from southern and eastern Europe. It also mentions the Irish and Germans that remained the largest immigrant groups in Chicago in 1880. The chapter draws attention to the pre-1880 immigrants, who were a product of what historians call the “old immigration” and quite different from the newcomers who constituted the “new immigration” of the 1880s, 1890s, 1900s, and 1910s. It points out that most of the pre-1880 immigrants hailed from northern and western Europe. Many of them, like the Irish and British, already spoke English and were familiar with Anglo-American culture.","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114540362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. Progressivism and Urban Reform, 1890–1915","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116148978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. The Early World of Chigagou, 1600–1750","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122335738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
City of Big ShouldersPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0004
Robert G. Spinney
{"title":"Chicago Conquers the Midwest, 1850–1890","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Chicago in the 1850s, which had been thriving but remained an unspectacular frontier town and the unglamorous home of thirty thousand residents and miles of mud. It mentions the Swedish novelist Fredrika Bremer who described Chicago as one of the most miserable and ugliest cities she has yet seen in America, which she observed during her visit in 1853. The chapter talks about Chicago's population that would grow to 1.7 million, making it the second largest city in the United States. It points out the observation made by the French political scientist Emile Boutmy in the late 1800s regarding the United States as primarily a commercial society and only secondarily a nation. It also investigates how Chicago emerged as the preeminent “commercial company” in the world between 1850 and 1900.","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"420 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124208058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Chicago Conquers the Midwest, 1850–1890","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115294454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tables","authors":"","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"11. Richard J. Daley and the City That Works, 1955–1976","authors":"Robert G. Spinney","doi":"10.7591/9781501748356-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501748356-014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Richard J. Daley, who was elected mayor of Chicago in 1955 and won re-election in the city's next five mayoral contests. It describes Daley as the undisputed boss of Chicago and the man who perfected the Cook County Democratic Party machine. It analyzes why Daley might have been the best in American history at doing what he did, in which he used a political machine to govern a large city. The chapter investigates how Daley was a scrupulously honest politician who steered clear of financial and moral improprieties but failed to adjust to the changing realities of Chicago, especially those relating to its growing black population. It also recounts Daley's death in 1976 that marked the passing of an era in Chicago history.","PeriodicalId":287944,"journal":{"name":"City of Big Shoulders","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131265745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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