{"title":"Adaptive supervisory control under sensor unavailability","authors":"H. Darabi, M. Jafari","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845373","url":null,"abstract":"We present a supervisory control architecture with control redundancy. We assume an adaptive architecture for the problem of switching from one control module to another when sensors used for observing events in the plant fail or become unavailable. It is assumed that there is an actual controller and a number of virtual controllers. The actual controller is in real feedback loop with the plant whereas the virtual ones are in virtual feedback such that the coupled behavior of any of these control modules with plant conforms to what is called normality criterion in the context of partial observation. Every time that a failure occurs and the environment changes, the actual controller is replaced by one of these virtual ones. The selection is based on some optimality criterion and user defined constraints.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115269469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A micro operation hand and its application to microdrawing","authors":"T. Nakamura, Y. Kogure, K. Shimamura","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844745","url":null,"abstract":"Force control is required in dexterous micro operation of small mechanical parts and biological objects. Our research aims at the development of micro operation hands. For this purpose a finger subsystem with a lever mechanism and magnetic actuators were developed and applied to contact motion task. In this paper, characteristics of the mechanism and actuators are analyzed. A motion control system which compensates for disturbances is designed and applied to drawing tasks of micro figures.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115634896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An online trajectory modifier for the base link of biped robots to enhance locomotion stability","authors":"J. Park, H. Cho","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845229","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an online trajectory modification scheme for biped robots to cope with uncertainty of their environment. The trajectory of the base link in the vertical direction is modified depending on the magnitude of zero moment point deviation from its safety boundary such that appropriate angular moment is generated to maintain stable walking. The modified trajectory then gradually returns to the original trajectory using a 3rd- or 5th-order interpolation polynomial. We expand the gravity-compensated inverted pendulum mode to generate the base-link trajectory not only for single support phases but also double support phases. In the simulations to evaluate the proposed scheme, an impedance controller is used to control a 6-DOF biped robot and the environment of the biped robot is assumed to consist of nonlinear and linear compliant contact models. The simulation results show that the proposed online trajectory modification scheme effectively enhances the stability of locomotion.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116894194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Channel algorithm of transversal passing through singularities for non-redundant robot manipulators","authors":"I. Dulęba","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844778","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a channel algorithm of transversal passing through singularities for non-redundant manipulators. An approach to a singular configuration is monitored by examining singular values of the Jacobian matrix of the manipulator which attain their zero values at singularities. The algorithm forces to smoothly change singular values of the Jacobian matrix. It results in continuous joint coordinates without jerks and extensive errors in tracking a desired path in a task space. An apparent advantage of the channel algorithm is its simplicity and utilization of a basic Newton algorithm only. The algorithm introduced is illustrated with examples including macro motions of the PUMA manipulator.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116947584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alami, R. Chatila, S. Fleury, M. Herrb, F. Ingrand, Maher Khatib, Benoit Morisset, P. Moutarlier, T. Siméon
{"title":"Around the lab in 40 days [indoor robot navigation]","authors":"R. Alami, R. Chatila, S. Fleury, M. Herrb, F. Ingrand, Maher Khatib, Benoit Morisset, P. Moutarlier, T. Siméon","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844044","url":null,"abstract":"The authors previously (1998) argued that the LAAS architecture is one of the most suitable for mobile robot control. This statement may seem over-optimistic, not to say pretentious and unverifiable. After all, can we compare architectures? can we set up benchmarks? or can we measure how good an architecture is compared to another? An architecture defines organization principles, integration methods and supporting tools. Comparing those tools, methods and principles may sometime end up in sterile controversies. However, we think there are means to measure the overall quality (or interest) of an architecture. Development time is for example one relevant criterion. Basically, using a specific architecture, how long does it take to integrate a complete demonstration, including nontrivial decisional capabilities, from the low level functional modules up to the supervisory level? This may seem a rather weak measure of architecture quality; however, it encompasses properties such as genericity and adaptability, ease of design and programming, extensibility and robustness. In this paper we describe our recent experience in integrating a complete demonstration from scratch in 40 days using the LAAS architecture.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117126936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-orbit calibration of the SPDM force-moment sensor","authors":"Farhad Aghili","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845293","url":null,"abstract":"A six-axes force/moment sensor can be completely characterized by a 6/spl times/6 gain matrix whose elements can be estimated from a sequence of sensor outputs and applied forces. Unlike the conventional calibration procedure that uses an external hardware to produce the load forces, we present a calibration procedure that applies inertial forces as a result of movement of a manipulator payload in free space. The subsequent inertial forces and moments are calculated by using the Newton-Euler formulation assuming known inertial parameters (mass, center of mass, inertia tensor) of the payload. An extended Kalman filter is employed to perform the estimation of the sensor gain matrix based on the measurements of the manipulator velocity and the sensor outputs. The performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated by simulation.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"59 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121114833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling of mechanical systems with lumped elasticity","authors":"W. Khalil, M. Gautier","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845349","url":null,"abstract":"Presents a method for the modeling of mechanical systems with lumped elasticity. The main applications of the method concern high speed machine tools and robots with elastic joints. The method can provide the kinematic and dynamic models of such systems. To achieve this goal we adapted some well known tools and notations which are widely used for rigid robots. The inverse dynamic model has to be redefined and developed.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast learning of biomimetic oculomotor control with nonparametric regression networks","authors":"T. Shibata, S. Schaal","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.845331","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate oculomotor control is one of the essential pre-requisites of successful visuomotor coordination. Given the variable nonlinearities of the geometry of binocular vision as well as the possible nonlinearities of the oculomotor plant, it is desirable to accomplish accurate oculomotor control through learning approaches. We investigate learning control for a biomimetic active vision system mounted on a humanoid robot. By combining a biologically inspired cerebellar learning scheme with a state-of-the-art statistical learning network, our robot system is able to acquire high performance visual stabilization reflexes after about 40 seconds of learning despite significant nonlinearities and processing delays in the system.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometric kinematics modeling of omni-directional autonomous mobile robot and its applications","authors":"Dongsung Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, W. Kwon","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.846328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.846328","url":null,"abstract":"A geometric kinematics modeling of a three wheeled autonomous mobile robot is proposed. Three types of basic motions are proposed for the path generation of the developed mobile robot. All paths of the mobile robot are achieved by the combination of proposed basic motions. The proposed scheme is verified through computer simulations and a practical model.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125099893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complex continuous meaningful humanoid interaction: a multi sensory-cue based approach","authors":"G. Cheng, Y. Kuniyoshi","doi":"10.1109/ROBOT.2000.846360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2000.846360","url":null,"abstract":"Human interaction involves a number of factors. One key and noticeable factor is the mass perceptual problem. Humans are equipped with a large number of receptors, equipped for seeing, hearing and touching, to name just a few. These stimuli bombard us continuously, often not on a singular basis. Typically multiple stimuli are activated at once, and in responding to these stimuli, variations of responses are exhibited. The current aim of our project is to provide an architecture, that will enable a humanoid robot to yield meaningful responses to complex and continuous interactions, similar to that of humans. We present our humanoid, a system which is able to simultaneously detect the spatial orientation of a sound source, and is also able to detect and mimic the motion of the upper body of a person. The motion produced by our system is human like-ballistic motion. The focus of the paper is on how we have come about the integration of these components. A continuous interactive experiment is presented in demonstrating our initial effort. The demonstration is in the context of our humanoid interacting with a person. Through the use of spatial hearing and multiple visual cues, the system is able to track a person, while mimicking the persons upper body motion. The system has shown to be robust and tolerable to failure, in performing experiments for a long duration of time.","PeriodicalId":286422,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065)","volume":"50 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125114754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}