Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences最新文献_第3页

Wave-in-ice: theoretical bases and field observations. 冰中波:理论基础和实地观测。

IF 5

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Epub Date: 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0254

Hayley H Shen

{"title":"Wave-in-ice: theoretical bases and field observations.","authors":"Hayley H Shen","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0254","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a significant increase of studies on wave-ice interactions in the past decades. Through a close look at a representative set of theories, this paper investigates different physical processes that have produced different wave dispersion and attenuation. The existing theories have considered four major processes: scattering, flexural damping, viscoelastic damping and basal friction. Each theory looked into one of these processes and used a different mathematical formulation to model these processes. The low-frequency behaviours of the resulting spectral attenuation in these theories are fundamentally different from each other. Recent field observations have produced a large amount of data to calibrate and validate these theories. The uncertainties in using field measurements to determine attenuation due to ice covers are discussed. Both observational data and applications of these theories in field conditions suggest a multi-physics approach. A number of studies to further the theoretical development are recommended. It will take time for wave-in-ice models to reach the same level of performance as wave models for the open ocean, relying on the combined effort of theoretical, modelling and observational studies. This article is part of the theme issue 'Theory, modelling and observations of marginal ice zone dynamics: multidisciplinary perspectives and outlooks'.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":" ","pages":"20210254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33459159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Marginal ice zone dynamics. 边缘冰带动力学。

IF 5

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Epub Date: 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0266

Vernon A Squire

{"title":"Marginal ice zone dynamics.","authors":"Vernon A Squire","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0266","url":null,"abstract":"For the best part of my entire career, I have focused on the marginal ice zone, abbreviated to MIZ by most sea ice scientists. Defined perfunctorily by the National Snow & Ice Data Center as the part of the seasonal ice zone where waves, swells and other open ocean processes affect the sea ice, the MIZ habitually extends from the ice edge some 100-200 km into the ice pack with morphology that varies dramatically spatially and with time. In general, the Antarctic MIZ is wider than MIZs in the Arctic, recognizing that increases in the ferocity and incidence of storms and the durability of ice due to global climate change are already affecting the physical attributes of each MIZ. I provide here a somewhat historically tailored preamble to a unique compilation of up-to-the-minute MIZ research in this theme issue that includes the nexus between contemporary theoretical, modelling and experimental projects. A prognosticative synopsis of these projects is also included later in the volume, framed in the context of the ongoing ontogenesis of the research field. This article is part of the theme issue 'Theory, modelling and observations of marginal ice zone dynamics: multidisciplinary perspectives and outlooks'.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":" ","pages":"20210266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33459160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Modelling wave-ice interactions in three dimensions in the marginal ice zone. 边缘冰带波冰相互作用的三维模拟。

IF 5

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Epub Date: 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0263

Will Perrie, Michael H Meylan, Bechara Toulany, Michael P Casey

{"title":"Modelling wave-ice interactions in three dimensions in the marginal ice zone.","authors":"Will Perrie, Michael H Meylan, Bechara Toulany, Michael P Casey","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0263","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerns wave-ice interactions in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). We compare idealized simulations using two recent three-dimensional formulations for wave-ice interactions for flexible ice floes, with selected parametrizations for the scattering of ocean surface waves due to individual ice floes. These parametrizations are implemented in a modern version of the wave model WAVEWATCH III® (hereafter, WW3) as source terms in the action balance equation. The comparisons consist of simple hypothetical experiments to identify characteristics of the wave-ice parametrizations. Comparisons show that the two new wave-ice formulations give attenuation of wave heights that can be less intense in the direction of propagation than those of other considered formulations. Within the wave energy spectrum, the one-dimensional attenuation extends over the entire frequency domain to the high-frequency limit. Within the MIZ beyond the ice edge, there is evidence for a 'roll-over' effect in the simulations of attenuation. These new formulations can potentially improve previous parametrizations in simulations of wave scattering and attenuation within the MIZ. This article is part of the theme issue 'Theory, modelling and observations of marginal ice zone dynamics: multidisciplinary perspectives and outlooks'.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":" ","pages":"20210263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33459156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Correction to: 'Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations' (2022) by Dykes et al. 更正:“流行病学建模的可视化:挑战、解决方案、反思和建议”(戴克斯等人，2022年)。

IF 5

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Epub Date: 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0296

Jason Dykes, Alfie Abdul-Rahman, Daniel Archambault, Benjamin Bach, Rita Borgo, Min Chen, Jessica Enright, Hui Fang, Elif E Firat, Euan Freeman, Tuna Gönen, Claire Harris, Radu Jianu, Nigel W John, Saiful Khan, Andrew Lahiff, Robert S Laramee, Louise Matthews, Sibylle Mohr, Phong H Nguyen, Alma A M Rahat, Richard Reeve, Panagiotis D Ritsos, Jonathan C Roberts, Aidan Slingsby, Ben Swallow, Thomas Torsney-Weir, Cagatay Turkay, Robert Turner, Franck P Vidal, Qiru Wang, Jo Wood, Kai Xu

{"title":"Correction to: 'Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations' (2022) by Dykes et al.","authors":"Jason Dykes, Alfie Abdul-Rahman, Daniel Archambault, Benjamin Bach, Rita Borgo, Min Chen, Jessica Enright, Hui Fang, Elif E Firat, Euan Freeman, Tuna Gönen, Claire Harris, Radu Jianu, Nigel W John, Saiful Khan, Andrew Lahiff, Robert S Laramee, Louise Matthews, Sibylle Mohr, Phong H Nguyen, Alma A M Rahat, Richard Reeve, Panagiotis D Ritsos, Jonathan C Roberts, Aidan Slingsby, Ben Swallow, Thomas Torsney-Weir, Cagatay Turkay, Robert Turner, Franck P Vidal, Qiru Wang, Jo Wood, Kai Xu","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2022.0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0296","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Dykes J et al. 2022 Correction to: ‘Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations’ (2022) by Dykes et al.. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 380: 20220296. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0296 Correction to: ‘Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations’ (2022) by Dykes et al. Jason Dykes, Alfie Abdul-Rahman, Daniel Archambault, Benjamin Bach, Rita Borgo, Min Chen, Jessica Enright, Hui Fang, Elif E. Firat, Euan Freeman, Tuna Gönen, Claire Harris, Radu Jianu, Nigel W. John, Saiful Khan, Andrew Lahiff, Robert S. Laramee, Louise Matthews, Sibylle Mohr, Phong H. Nguyen, Alma A. M. Rahat, Richard Reeve, Panagiotis D. Ritsos, Jonathan C. Roberts, Aidan Slingsby, Ben Swallow, Thomas Torsney-Weir, Cagatay Turkay, Robert Turner, Franck P. Vidal, Qiru Wang, Jo Wood and Kai Xu","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":" ","pages":"20220296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33458700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drought risk in the Anthropocene: from the jaws of death to the waters of life 人类世的干旱风险:从死亡之口到生命之水

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0003

J. Bevan

{"title":"Drought risk in the Anthropocene: from the jaws of death to the waters of life","authors":"J. Bevan","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this closing article, Sir James Bevan, Chief Executive of the Environment Agency, sets the scene on the Anthropocene: what this new epoch means for humans and nature, how we got here, and where we need to go next. This article sets out the alarming impact that the epoch's most distinctive feature, climate change caused by human activity, is having on drought risk and extreme weather. In response to these challenges, Sir James will review the progress made by world leaders at COP26, and set out what needs to happen next to mitigate the worst impacts of runaway climate change and to adapt to impacts that are irrevocable. In particular, he will examine what needs to be done to escape what in 2019 he called the ‘jaws of death’, the point on water companies' planning charts some 20 years from now where if we don't intervene water demand will outstrip supply. Sir James will set out what the Environment Agency is doing alongside business, government, civil society and what the Royal Society can do to help. Finally this article argues why we should be optimistic we can turn the climate crisis into an opportunity to create a better world. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk in the Anthropocene’.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Understanding the transgression of global and regional freshwater planetary boundaries 了解全球和区域淡水行星边界的海侵

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0294

A. Pastor, H. Biemans, W. Franssen, D. Gerten, H. Hoff, F. Ludwig, P. Kabat

{"title":"Understanding the transgression of global and regional freshwater planetary boundaries","authors":"A. Pastor, H. Biemans, W. Franssen, D. Gerten, H. Hoff, F. Ludwig, P. Kabat","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0294","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater ecosystems have been degraded due to intensive freshwater abstraction. Therefore, environmental flow requirements (EFRs) methods have been proposed to maintain healthy rivers and/or restore river flows. In this study, we used the Variable Monthly Flow (VMF) method to calculate the transgression of freshwater planetary boundaries: (1) natural deficits in which flow does not meet EFRs due to climate variability, and (2) anthropogenic deficits caused by water abstractions. The novelty is that we calculated spatially and cumulative monthly water deficits by river types including the frequency, magnitude and causes of environmental flow (EF) deficits (climatic and/or anthropogenic). Water deficit was found to be a regional rather than a global concern (less than 5% of total discharge). The results show that, from 1960 to 2000, perennial rivers with low flow alteration, such as the Amazon, had an EF deficit of 2–12% of the total discharge, and that the climate deficit was responsible for up to 75% of the total deficit. In rivers with high seasonality and high water abstractions such as the Indus, the total deficit represents up to 130% of its total discharge, 85% of which is due to withdrawals. We highlight the need to allocate water to humans and ecosystems sustainably. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk in the Anthropocene’.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123660683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Drought risk in the Anthropocene 人类世的干旱风险

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0297

Jim W Hall, J. Hannaford, G. Hegerl

{"title":"Drought risk in the Anthropocene","authors":"Jim W Hall, J. Hannaford, G. Hegerl","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0297","url":null,"abstract":"The summer of 2022 has seen remarkable hydrological conditions across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Europe has seen what could be the most severe drought conditions to hit the continent for more than 500 years [1], with exceptionally low water levels impacting navigation of inland waterways and leaving insufficient cooling water for power plants. French fire fighters struggled with wildfires on a dramatic scale. The Yangtze River in China reached historically low levels. In the Western USA, the drought has broken previous records for the driest 22-year period in the region since the year 800 CE [2], depriving farmers of water and further impacting fragile ecosystems in the Colorado River basin. Examining these various manifestations of drought reveals a series of interlinked phenomena that are examined in this themed issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. First, it is clear that droughts are profoundly humaninfluenced, and we expect them to be even more so in the future. The title of this themed issue—Drought risk in the Anthropocene—reflects the recognition that the Earth System is human-influenced to an extent that we are said to be living in a new geological era [3]. Droughts are a manifestation of the Anthropocene in a number of different senses. As the paper by Vicente-Serano et al. (Global drought trends and future projections) [4] explains, greenhouse gas emissions are driving some of the conditions that are making droughts more severe. Human influences both warm the planet and intensify contrasts between wet and dry conditions, and drought has been impacted particularly by increased evaporation linked to warming. Human","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Resilience to hydrological droughts in the northern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia 澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地北部对水文干旱的适应能力

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0296

R. Quentin Grafton, Long Chu, R. Kingsford, G. Bino, John F. Williams

{"title":"Resilience to hydrological droughts in the northern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia","authors":"R. Quentin Grafton, Long Chu, R. Kingsford, G. Bino, John F. Williams","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0296","url":null,"abstract":"We respond to the problem of declining streamflows in the northern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, a region that suffers from hydrological droughts and a drying trend. We partitioned the effect of meteorological trends from anthropogenic drivers on annual streamflow, quantified the effect of annual streamflow decline on waterbird abundance, estimated the effects of streamflow change on a measure of ecosystem resilience, and calculated the net benefits of in-stream water reallocation. The anthropogenic drivers of hydrological droughts were assessed by comparing the Lower Darling (hereafter the Barka) River, which has large recorded water extractions, with the adjacent Paroo River, which has very little recorded water extractions. Findings include: (1) only about one-third of the recent reduced streamflow of the Barka River is due to a meteorological drying trend; (2) statistically significant declines in waterbird species richness and abundance have occurred on both rivers between 1983–2000 and 2001–2020; (3) declines in waterbird abundance have been much larger along the Barka River than the Paroo River; and (4) ecosystem resilience, as measured by waterbird abundance, wasgreater on the Paroo River. Our four-step framework is applicable in any catchment with adequate time-series data and supports adaptive responses to hydrological droughts. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk in the Anthropocene’.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126368026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Strategic analysis of the drought resilience of water supply systems 供水系统抗旱能力的战略分析

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0292

A. Murgatroyd, H. Gavin, Olivia Becher, G. Coxon, D. Hunt, Emily K. Fallon, J. Wilson, Gokhan Cuceloglu, J. Hall

{"title":"Strategic analysis of the drought resilience of water supply systems","authors":"A. Murgatroyd, H. Gavin, Olivia Becher, G. Coxon, D. Hunt, Emily K. Fallon, J. Wilson, Gokhan Cuceloglu, J. Hall","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2021.0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0292","url":null,"abstract":"Severe droughts can result in shortages of water supplies, with widespread social and economic consequences. Here we use a coupled simulation model to assess the reliability of public water supplies in England, in the context of changing scenarios of water demand, water regulation and climate change. The coupled simulation model combines climate simulations, a national-scale hydrological model and a national-scale water resource systems model to demonstrate how extreme meteorological droughts translate into hydrological droughts and water shortages for water users. We use this model to explore the effectiveness of strategic water resource options that are being planned in England to secure water supplies to most of England's population up to a drought return period of 1 in 500 years. We conclude that it is possible to achieve a 1-in-500-years standard in locations where strategic resource options are used, while also reducing water abstraction to restore the aquatic environment. However, the target will be easier to achieve if effective steps are also taken to reduce water demand. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk in the Anthropocene’.","PeriodicalId":286094,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131868348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Modelling brain tissue elasticity with the Ogden model and an alternative family of constitutive models^†. 用奥格登模型和本构模型的替代家族建模脑组织弹性†。

IF 5

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Epub Date: 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0325

Afshin Anssari-Benam, Michel Destrade, Giuseppe Saccomandi

引用次数: 11