Sociological Methods & Research最新文献_第2页

Post-Instrument Bias in Linear Models 线性模型中的仪器后偏差

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231156965

Adam Glynn, M. Rueda, Julian Schuessler

引用次数: 0

Lagged Dependent Variable Predictors, Classical Measurement Error, and Path Dependency: The Conditions Under Which Various Estimators are Appropriate 滞后因变量预测，经典测量误差和路径依赖:各种估计器是合适的条件

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231176845

Anders Holm, Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Robert Andersen

{"title":"Lagged Dependent Variable Predictors, Classical Measurement Error, and Path Dependency: The Conditions Under Which Various Estimators are Appropriate","authors":"Anders Holm, Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Robert Andersen","doi":"10.1177/00491241231176845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231176845","url":null,"abstract":"Lagged dependent variables (LDVs) are often used as predictors in ordinary least squares (OLS) models in the social sciences. Although several estimators are commonly employed, little is known about their relative merits in the presence of classical measurement error and different longitudinal processes. We assess the performance of four commonly used estimators: (1) the standard OLS estimator, (2) an average of past measures (AVG), (3) an instrumental variable (IV) measured at one period previously (IV), and (4) an IV derived from information from more than one time before (IV2). We also propose a new estimator for fixed effects models—the first difference instrumental variable (FDIV) estimator. After exploring the consistency of these estimators, we demonstrate their performance using an empirical application predicting primary school test scores. Our results demonstrate that for a Markov process with classic measurement error (CME), IV and IV2 estimators are generally consistent; LDV and AVG estimators are not. For a semi-Markov process, only the IV2 estimator is consistent. On the other hand, if fixed effects are included in the model, only the FDIV estimator is consistent. We end with advice on how to select the appropriate estimator.","PeriodicalId":286027,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115170007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Open-Ended Probes on Closed Survey Questions in Web Surveys 开放式问卷对网络调查中封闭式问卷问题的影响

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231176846

Patrícia Hadler

引用次数: 0

Exploring and Correcting the Bias in the Estimation of the Gini Measure of Inequality 探索和纠正不平等的基尼系数估计中的偏差

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231176847

J. Muñoz, P. Moya-Fernández, E. Álvarez-Verdejo

{"title":"Exploring and Correcting the Bias in the Estimation of the Gini Measure of Inequality","authors":"J. Muñoz, P. Moya-Fernández, E. Álvarez-Verdejo","doi":"10.1177/00491241231176847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231176847","url":null,"abstract":"The Gini index is probably the most commonly used indicator to measure inequality. For continuous distributions, the Gini index can be computed using several equivalent formulations. However, this is not the case with discrete distributions, where controversy remains regarding the expression to be used to estimate the Gini index. We attempt to bring a better understanding of the underlying problem by regrouping and classifying the most common estimators of the Gini index proposed in both infinite and finite populations, and focusing on the biases. We use Monte Carlo simulation studies to analyse the bias of the various estimators under a wide range of scenarios. Extremely large biases are observed in heavy-tailed distributions with high Gini indices, and bias corrections are recommended in this situation. We propose the use of some (new and traditional) bootstrap-based and jackknife-based strategies to mitigate this bias problem. Results are based on continuous distributions often used in the modelling of income distributions. We describe a simulation-based criterion for deciding when to use bias corrections. Various real data sets are used to illustrate the practical application of the suggested bias corrected procedures.","PeriodicalId":286027,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125461399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fieldwork Disrupted: How Researchers Adapt to Losing Access to Field Sites 野外工作中断:研究人员如何适应失去进入野外地点的机会

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231156961

Eric W. Schoon

{"title":"Fieldwork Disrupted: How Researchers Adapt to Losing Access to Field Sites","authors":"Eric W. Schoon","doi":"10.1177/00491241231156961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231156961","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how researchers adapt to disruptions that cost them access to their field sites, advancing a uniquely sociological perspective on the dynamics of flexibility and adaptation in qualitative methods. Through interviews with 31 ethnographers whose access was preempted or eliminated, I find that adaptation varied systematically based on when during the fieldwork process researchers' access was disrupted. The timing of the disruption shaped the relevance and implications of common conditions that affect fieldwork, such as funding availability, institutionalized time constraints, and sunk costs. Consequently, despite a lack of common conventions or training in how to adapt to losing access, adaptations took one of three general forms, which I refer to as turning home, pivoting, and following. I highlight specific challenges associated with each of these forms and offer insights for navigating them. Building from my findings, I make the case that the logistics of being flexible and adapting are part of a hidden curriculum in qualitative methods, and I discuss how interrogating the conditions that structure these aspects of fieldwork advances research and pedagogy in qualitative methodology.","PeriodicalId":286027,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130450444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal QCA: Integrating Time Through Change-Based Intervals (CBIs) and a Flexible Lag Condition (FLC) 纵向QCA:基于变化间隔(CBIs)和柔性滞后条件(FLC)的时间积分

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231156967

C. Niessen

{"title":"Longitudinal QCA: Integrating Time Through Change-Based Intervals (CBIs) and a Flexible Lag Condition (FLC)","authors":"C. Niessen","doi":"10.1177/00491241231156967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241231156967","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the methodological developments that aim to render qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) “time sensitive”, I propose a new procedure for carrying out QCA longitudinally. More specifically, I show first why longitudinal case disaggregation should be carried out with change-based intervals (CBIs) rather than with fixed intervals. Second, I develop a flexible lag condition (FLC) that (i) resolves two types of temporal contradictions and outcome redundancies that can result from temporal case disaggregation and (ii) allows to measure the average duration it takes for a combination of conditions to translate to an outcome. Since temporal contradictions and outcome redundancies are most likely with an increasing number of time points and conditions, as well as with CBIs in general, the FLC procedure is most useful in these cases. The fact that the interest of longitudinal analyses increases with the number of disaggregated cases underlines the usefulness of the proposed methodological innovation. Despite its suitability for mid-n and large-n analyses, longitudinal QCA with an FLC preserves a strong case-oriented and qualitative perspective and remains thereby loyal to QCA's original foundations.","PeriodicalId":286027,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inter-Rater Reliability Methods in Qualitative Case Study Research 定性案例研究中的互估信度方法

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/00491241231156971

R. Cole

引用次数: 2

Estimating Causal Effects of Multi-Valued Treatments Accounting for Network Interference: Immigration Policies and Crime Rates 估计考虑网络干扰的多价值处理的因果效应:移民政策和犯罪率

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221147503

C. Tortú, I. Crimaldi, F. Mealli, L. Forastiere

{"title":"Estimating Causal Effects of Multi-Valued Treatments Accounting for Network Interference: Immigration Policies and Crime Rates","authors":"C. Tortú, I. Crimaldi, F. Mealli, L. Forastiere","doi":"10.1177/00491241221147503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221147503","url":null,"abstract":"Policy evaluation studies, which assess the effect of an intervention, face statistical challenges: in real-world settings treatments are not randomly assigned and the analysis might be complicated by the presence of interference among units. Researchers have started to develop methods that allow to manage spillovers in observational studies; recent works focus primarily on binary treatments. However, many studies deal with more complex interventions. For instance, in political science, evaluating the impact of policies implemented by administrative entities often implies a multi-valued approach, as a policy towards a specific issue operates at many levels and can be defined along multiple dimensions. In this work, we extend the statistical framework about causal inference under network interference in observational studies, allowing for a multi-valued individual treatment and an interference structure shaped by a weighted network. The estimation strategy relies on a joint multiple generalized propensity score and allows one to estimate direct effects, controlling for both individual and network covariates. We follow this methodology to analyze the impact of the national immigration policy on the crime rate, analyzing data of 22 OECD countries over a thirty-years time frame. We define a multi-valued characterization of political attitude towards migrants and we assume that the extent to which each country can be influenced by another country is modeled by an indicator, summarizing their cultural and geographical proximity. Results suggest that implementing a highly restrictive immigration policy leads to an increase of the crime rate and the estimated effect is larger if we account for interference.","PeriodicalId":286027,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116526090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the Bias of Digital Data: An Approach to Combining Digital With Official Statistics to Estimate and Predict Migration Trends 数字数据的偏差建模:一种将数字与官方统计相结合来估计和预测移民趋势的方法

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140144

Yuan Hsiao, L. Fiorio, J. Wakefield, E. Zagheni

引用次数: 1

Multiple imputation of partially observed covariates in discrete-time survival analysis 离散时间生存分析中部分观察到的协变量的多重拟合

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140147

Anna Haensch, J. Bartlett, Bernd Weiss

引用次数: 0

Sociological Methods &amp; Research最新文献

Sociological Methods & Research最新文献