Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Insulin resistance in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: effect of short-term erythropoietin therapy","authors":"H. Kasem, W. Shehab-Eldin, Islam Shebl, A. Sonbol, Mai A. Kamel","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a characteristic feature of uremia. Both IR and metabolic syndrome are considered independent predictors for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Few studies have shown a favorable effect of erythropoietin (EPO) in decreasing IR. We hypothesized that short-term treatment with EPO can lead to improvement of IR in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients and methods Patients were categorized into two groups: 20 hemodialysis patients (HDP) not receiving EPO (control) compared with other 40 HDP divided into two subgroups (20 diabetics and 20 nondiabetic), both receiving EPO (intervention group) all over the duration of the study, which extended for 6 months. All patients were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, as well as laboratory investigations. Results All baseline results of parameters of glycemic control showed significant stepwise increase from nondiabetic intervention group, to control group, and then to diabetic intervention group. homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was 1.64±0.88, 6.14±0.46, and then 10.78±2.84, respectively. On comparing the results before and after EPO therapy in both intervention groups, there was a significant improvement in IR in both groups. HOMA-IR was 10.78±2.84 and 5.52±161 (P<0.001) before and after intervention, respectively, for diabetic patients, whereas it was 1.64±0.88 and 0.8±0.28 (P<0.001) before and after intervention, respectively, for nondiabetic patients. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin level, as well as fasting and postprandial glucose measurements, all in both preintervension and postintervention settings were independent predictors for HOMA-IR after intervention in all 40 patients of both intervention groups. Conclusion EPO treatment in HDPs is followed by improvement of IR in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients with end-stage kidney disease and on hemodialysis.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130996402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intradialytic changes in endothelin-1 level and its relation with intradialytic hypertension","authors":"Magdy Elsharkawy, H. Zaghla, A. Emara, Y. Elemary, Mohamed A. Hassan","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_37_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_37_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background Intradialytic hypertension (IDH) is a major problem affecting 5–15% of patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We evaluated the changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels during HD and its relation to IDH. Patients and methods We divided 48 stable HD patients into two groups: group I included 24 HD patients with IDH, and group II included 24 HD patients with well-controlled blood pressure (BP). Diabetic patients, patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and patients with severe infection, malignancy, or having decompensated liver cell failure were excluded from this study. For all patients, BP measurement was done before HD session and every half an hour throughout the sessions. ET-1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique; three samples (before session, when BP rises during session, and at end of session) were taken from group I patients, and one sample was taken before the session in group II patients. Results Group I had significantly lower dry weight than group II (59.9±16 vs.71.5±11 kg) but a significantly higher ultrafiltration volume (2 vs. 1.5 l). There was a significant positive correlation between basal ET-1 and diastolic blood pressure after dialysis (r=0.51, P<0.05). In this study, basal ET-1 level had a significant moderate diagnostic performance in prediction of IDH (P< 0.001). Basal ET-1 more than or equal to 100 pg/ml had 100% specificity, 75% sensitivity, and 87.5% diagnostic accuracy in prediction of IDH, leading to suggestion that ET-1 was a significant risk factor for having IDH (P<0.05). Conclusion High ET-1 is a significant risk factor for having IDH, and basal ET-1 level had a significant moderate diagnostic performance in prediction of IDH.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117157070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of engulfment and cell motility 1 gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its association with renal biomarkers: case–control stody","authors":"Hawraa Mohammed, R. Al-Saegh, N. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_22_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_22_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious kidney-related complication of diabetes. It is also called diabetic kidney disease. Up to 40% of people with diabetes eventually develop kidney disease. Several genome-wide association studies have introduced engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) as a candidate gene that is associated with DN. This study assessed the association of ELMO1 gene polymorphisms with DN to investigate the effects of ELMO1 gene on susceptibility to DN in Kerbala/Iraqi province. Aim The current study aims to identify the role of ELMO1 gene polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs741301, as a candidate gene for susceptibility to DN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with the development and progression of this disease and to verify the relationship between the investigated SNPs of ELMO1 gene with the phenotype changes in particular kidney function tests and other kidney biomarkers that may be seen in patient. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted for a period of 14 months, starting from January 2018 to March 2019, in Al-Husain Medical City and Al-Kafeel Super Specialty Hospital in Kerbala. A total of 72 participants were divided into two groups: 36 patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy and 36 nonnephropathic patients with type 2 diabetes. DNA was extracted from the blood, and then genotyping of the SNP rs741301 was carried out by Tetra ARMS-PCR by using special primers. Results The genotype and allele frequencies were examined under the codominant, dominant, and recessive models with the use of multinomial logistic regression analysis. The patient with DN with the heterozygous genotype GG+AG (odds ratio=5.28, confidence interval=1.35–20.73, P=0.017) were higher than diabetic patients with GG+AG (odds ratio=4.231, confidence interval=1.06–16.97, P=0.042) under with dominant model. Conclusion SNP rs741301 of ELMO1 gene was associated with DN due type 2 diabetes complication in Kerbala/Iraqi province.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128254480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients in Benha University Hospitals","authors":"A. El-Badawy, A. Mansour, Rasha Abdelmoniem","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_33_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_33_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is classically described as abrupt or rapidly reversible reduction of excretion of nitrogenous waste products including urea, nitrogen, and creatinine. In critical care setting, patients with AKI constitute an important subgroup in that they have higher short-term and long-term mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and more resource consumption. Risk factors for AKI in patients with severe illness are multifactorial, including underlying certain predisposing factors, as aged patients tend to acquire AKI more than younger patients, together with underlying comorbidities AKI is common and carries a high mortality rate. Most epidemiological studies were retrospective and were done in Western populations. Aim The aim was to highlight the risk factors, mechanisms, and prognosis in AKI in patients in ICU. Patients and methods This is a prospective, observational study that was carried out in ICU, Benha University Hospitals, from January 2018 to July 2018. This study included 50 critical ill patients admitted to ICU. Oral and written consent was taken from every participant after explaining the procedures of the analysis. All patients were clinically evaluated and had routine assessment. Results The mean age of our studied population was 56.3±6.8 years, demonstrating a significant trend toward an increased number of AKI cases with older age. Males represented 68.9% of the included patients, and 62% of patients with AKI had a history of diabetes mellitus. Mortality was evident in 14% of patients with AKI. Patients with AKI with older age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor were significantly associated with renal replacement therapy. Conclusion AKI was associated with high mortality rate, and early identification may cause a dramatic decrease in mortality and morbidity, which could be expected in these high-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation ESNT Hemodialysis Guidelines 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_44_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_44_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128974351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal biopsy registry in Alexandria area","authors":"Mahmoud Abdelhady, A. Koraei, M. Salem, N. Baddour, Yasser Nienaa","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_23_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_23_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background There is a paucity of registries on diseases found on renal biopsies, especially in Egypt. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to identify the pattern of renal pathology among renal biopsy (RB) specimens and to study the clinicopathological correlation of RB in the Alexandria area, which is considered the biggest second city in Egypt after Cairo, with around six million inhabitants, as a step toward generating a national RB registry. Methods We evaluated all the available adult native renal biopsies that were performed in the Alexandria area during the years 2012 and 2015 from the two main nephropathology centers. Clinical presentations were asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, nephrotic syndrome (NS), nephritic syndrome, and unexplained acute kidney injury. Renal diseases were divided into four major categories: (a) primary glomerulonephritides (GN); (b) secondary GN; (c) tubulointerstitial nephropathies (TIN); and (d) vascular nephropathies. The distinction between primary and secondary GN was not established by a single histological approach, but by association of the morphological findings and available clinical data. A RB forum was designed to collect the clinical and pathological data. Results 861 native renal biopsies were included; the most common age interval during which RB was performed was 20–30 years (32.6%); female gender (51%) was slightly more prevalent than male sex (49%). The renal specimen was inadequate in 14.1% of the cases. Of all biopsies, primary GN was the most frequent (64.3%), followed by secondary GN (27.8%), TIN (4.2%), and vascular nephropathies (1.2%), where end stage renal disease (ESRD) cases represented 2.4%. The most common clinical syndrome as an indication for RB was NS (57.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (21.6%), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (9.3%), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (8.9%), nephritic syndrome (1.2%), and nephritic nephrotic syndrome (1.2%). At the time of the biopsy, 53.2% of the patients presented with elevated kidney functions. Mesangioproliferative GN was the most common primary GN (24.8%), followed by membranoproliferative GN (23.7%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (21.4%), membranous nephropathy (10.3%), IgA nephropathy (8.8%), minimal change disease (5.7%), and crescentic GN (5.3%). Lupus nephritis was the most common cause of secondary GN (56.3%), followed by amyloidosis (14.6%), diabetic nephropathy (12.6%), nodular GN (6.8%), cast nephropathy (4.4%), cryoglobulinemia (2.9%), gouty nephropathy (1.9%), and lymphomatous infiltration (0.5%). Acute TIN represented 65.5% of the TIN cases and chronic TIN represented 35.5%. Thrombotic microangiopathy represented 66.6% of the vascular diseases and hypertension (HTN) nephrosclerosis represented 33.3%. Conclusion Our RB registry represents an important contribution toward understanding the epidemiology of renal diseases in Alexandria city. We are hoping that this registry will be the basis for developing a nation","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121022581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intradialytic complications: a poor prognostic factor among patients with lassa fever with acute kidney injury undergoing hemodialysis","authors":"M. Rafiu, S. Dada, C. Azubike, S. Ahmed, A. Aigbiremolen, I. Alili, P. Akhideno, Cyril O. Erameh, E. Ifada, A. Aigbiremolen-Alphonsus, Esther Omonzokpea, K. Iraoyah, J. Okoeguale, E. Ogbaini-Emovon, S. Okogbenin, G. Akpede, P. Okokhere","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_26_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_26_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of Lassa fever (LF) that is notably associated with poor outcome. The study aimed at evaluating the relationship between the clinical parameters and outcome of hemodialysis-treated patients with AKI complicating LF and to highlight our experience between 2014 and 2018. Materials and methods This was a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study involving patients with LF complicated by AKI who had hemodialysis at the dedicated dialysis suite located in our hospital between January 2014 and September 2018. Information were extracted from the clinical and laboratory records of the patients during the period under review. Results A total of 83 patients had 199 sessions of hemodialysis. Male to female ratio was 2.5 : 1. The mean age was 34.3±13.7 years. The mean number of hemodialysis sessions per patient was 2.4±1.5. The frequency of intradialytic complication was 9.6%, whereas hypotension (62.5%) was the commonest. Occurrence of intradialytic complications was significantly associated with mortality (χ2=5.370, d.f.=1, P=0.020). A high incidence of anemia (65.1%) was observed among the patients. Sixteen (19.3%) of the patients died. There was no significant association between age, sex, number of dialysis session or anemia and outcome of LF. Compared with those who died, patients who recovered had significantly higher mean postdialysis diastolic blood pressure (t=2.382, P=0.020). Conclusion Intradialytic complication is infrequent in dialysis treated LF patients with AKI, but has significant association with mortality.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129220337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gym nephropathy ‘bodybuilding versus kidney damaging’","authors":"M. Gawad, Heba Kalawy","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_32_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_32_19","url":null,"abstract":"Nonnutritional and nutritional supplements are widely used by bodybuilders. Abuse of these supplements can cause kidney injury by different mechanisms. We refer to any kidney injury caused by any of these supplements as ‘gym nephropathy.’ Anabolic-androgenic steroids are taken by athletes to gain muscle, but they may induce kidney injury through multiple pathways. Creatine supplementation is safe to be used, and it is capable of increasing muscle strength and mass; however, the indiscriminate use of it may induce acute kidney injury. Many bodybuilders abuse oral and injectable vitamins, which may cause acute kidney injury. High protein improves the training adaptations to exercise with no harm as long as the renal functions are normal; however, the theoretical risks should be reviewed carefully with some individuals. Energy drink-induced renal failure has been also reported. In this article, we review different forms of kidney injury secondary to supplements abused by bodybuilders.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a clinical biomarker in patients with diabetic nephropathy in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Heba H. El Demellawy, M. EL FEKI, H. Eissa, M. Tawfik, Dina Elessawi","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_9_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_9_19","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To demonstrate the importance of the marker of tubulointerstitial damage, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), in the follow-up of the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with various degrees of renal impairment were subdivided into three categories based on urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR): 20 patients with normoalbuminuria (<30 mg albumin/g Cr), 20 with microalbuminuria (30–300 mg albumin/g Cr), and 20 with macroalbuminuria (>300 mg albumin/g Cr). Few exclusion criteria were considered such as infections, neoplasia, and any inflammation that could interfere with uNGAL measurement. Twenty healthy individuals were taken as a control group. Serum creatinine, UACR, urine protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are measured to determine their correlation with uNGAL, which was measured using a suitable human NGAL ELISA kit. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula was used to calculate the eGFR in patients. Results The differences between the means of uNGAL in the different patients’ groups were found to be highly statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship (inverse correlation) between uNGAL levels and eGFR in the three patient groups (P<0.05) and also a converse correlation was noted between uNGAL and UACR in the various patient groups involved in the study (P<0.05). Conclusion NGAL may be useful as a clinical marker to predict and assess the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy chain disease: a rare case report of adult nephrotic syndrome","authors":"Sanjeev S Manjunath, Chettipunyam S Chetan, S. Suchitha, Gangadhar Chirag","doi":"10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_21_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jesnt.jesnt_21_19","url":null,"abstract":"Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease is a systemic disorder characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulins as nonfibrillar material in various organs. Three subtypes have been reported: light chain deposition disease, light and heavy chain deposition disease and heavy chain deposition disease. Among these, light chain deposition disease is the most prevalent. Reports of light and heavy chain and heavy chain disease are rare, with fewer than two dozen documented cases in the world literature and very few from India. Heavy chain disease is characterized by glomerular, tubular, and vascular wall deposition of monoclonal heavy chains without associated light chains. We present the case of a 51-year man, who presented with a 3-month history of pedal edema, hypertension detected 3 months ago, and mild renal failure Estimated Glomerular filteration rate (eGFR) 66 ml/min/1.73 m2; histopathology showed heavy chain deposition disease. The case emphasizes the need for a thorough workup for plasma cell dyscrasias when we see membranoproliferative pattern in adult patients. This patient was treated with bortezomib-based regimen and after 3 months achieved near-complete remission of proteinuria with improvement in serum creatinine.","PeriodicalId":285751,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Egyptian Society of Nephrology and Transplantation","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122905799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}