Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika最新文献

{"title":"Identifying, Evaluating, and Adapting to Risks in an Atmosphere of Uncertainty","authors":"A. Mozgovaya","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper belongs to the relevant field of empirical risk research in sociology and studies personal risk identification and evaluation in an atmosphere of uncertainty. While empirical data regarding risk perception is quite sufficient, studies have found no sound methodological foundation for reviewing and interpreting risk identification and evaluation, as well as ways in which people adapt to risks throughout their lives. Therefore, we propose a multi-paradigm concept of the system that individuals use to navigate their lives. This concept can be used as an underlining methodology for studying the specific features of identifying, evaluating, and adapting to risks in an atmosphere of uncertainty. We believe that, within the sociological paradigm, the nature of the adaptive process of “navigating uncertainty” lies in structuring it both on the personal and on the institutional level.\u0000\u0000The analysis of data collected during several regional studies and one national study provides empirical justification of the vital impact that subjective expectations and preferences have on decisionmaking in an atmosphere of uncertainty where the result of such decision-making is not clearly predictable. By evaluating the tolerance of various threat types, we can draw justified conclusions regarding the subjective importance/value of the respective entities. Our study shows that there is a solid cluster of the most vital values, threats to which are least permissible. Such values may be described as “irreplaceable” and “inalienable”; while the less vital values (but threats to which are still considered impermissible) are described as “replaceable” and “alienable”.\u0000\u0000The results of analyzing the links between the subjective damage perception, along with other elements of the individual’s life navigation system, on the one hand, and the choice of specific strategy to give the uncertain environment some structure (adaptation strategy) will be presented in the next paper.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114751508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Organizational and Methodological Aspects of Remotely Researching the Issues Arising from the Digital Transformation of Regions with Different Levels of Social and Cultural Modernization. Part I","authors":"V. Bogdanov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6801","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first part of an article that will discuss digital transformation issues in Russian regions that differ by social and cultural modernization level, as well as the population’s willingness to accept digital transformation in life and at work. Today’s main digital transformation tools and regulators are regional governance systems, along with the relevant official bodies that are responsible for the design and implementation of strategic solutions for territorial development. In response to the associated issues, we interviewed experts in 17 Russian regions that differ by the aforementioned modernization level. We used the data collected during the interviews to: determine how prepared the regional organizations and enterprises are for digital transformation; evaluate the resources currently available for “breakthrough projects”; discover the public attitude towards the introduction of the Russian Federation Digital Economy national project. The article focuses on the research rationales and cognitive procedures that have been developed for the purposes of management sociology, and applies them to studying the issues that arise out of digital transformation and the introduction of “smart” governance on the regional level, based on the optimization of digital transformation through the involvement of the so-called stakeholders — specially assembled activist teams that contribute to the controlled implementation of digital technology in the region in a variety of ways, from research to applied solutions.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134261790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Happiness and Social Well-Being in the Estimates of Russians – the Problem of Differentiation of Concepts","authors":"P. Sushko","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7094","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes subjective assessments of social well-being and happiness in the context of their relationship with the characteristics of individuals in various areas of the social system. The similarities and differences in assessments of these categories are analyzed in the context of age, socioprofessional and income groups. It is shown that in older age groups, as well as in low-income groups engaged in low-skilled physical and non-physical labor, the categories of happiness and well-being are not actually divided in subjective assessments. On the contrary, in younger age groups, as well as those who belong to the middle and high-income groups mainly engaged in highly skilled non-physical labor, a discrepancy is found in assessments of social well-being and happiness. In the first case, the similar perception of the categories studied is evidence of weak motives for achievement and of focus on the reference groups in assessments. In these groups, the principle of “living no worse than others” prevails. In the second case, the difference in the estimates of well-being and happiness can be explained by the more stable position of these groups in the social system. They are better aware of the possible levels of social well-being that one can strive for. The empirical basis for the analysis was the 26th wave of the annual RLMS-HSE survey monitoring the Russian population’s economic status and health, which was conducted in 2017.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115901489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Level of Education and Cultural Capital as Migration Factors (Based on People Living in the Republic of Bashkortostan)","authors":"Marsel S. Turakaev","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6805","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the link between education status and cultural capital, on the one hand, and migration likelihood, on the other hand. The conclusions are based on two surveys of respondents living the Republic of Bashkortostan. The desire to continue one’s education and the dissatisfaction with one’s current education level are among the key factors that drive the local population to change their permanent place of residence. Cultural capital, in turn, is viewed through the prism of skills and knowledge, everyday leisure practices, and values. For instance, the greater a group’s computer and Internet literacy, the higher the share of people who are ready to permanently move to a different place. Those locals who express their readiness to migrate are generally younger; they tend to spend their free time online, acquire self-taught skills, pursue creative hobbies and sports etc. They value life-long learning, independence, initiative, and a desire for change, and plan their future a long way in advance. By contrast, respondents who do not plan to migrate tend to prefer traditional pastimes and practices: gardening, watching television, reading newspapers, going to church or mosque, performing home repairs etc.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114821082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social and Economic Aspects of Integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation","authors":"T. Litvinova, O. Vershinina","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.4.6799","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the social and economic aspects of integrating the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation. This study is making a new contribution to sociology, as it brings together social and economic statistics and studies of the population’s perception of the impact that the new region’s integration has had on Russian society (conducted as an online survey).\u0000\u0000We analyze the population’s quality of life indices: average per capita income, expense structure, and minimum wage. The study allows us to conclude that the region is falling far behind the national average per capita income, as well as the relevant figures in most other regions of the Southern Federal District. In order to provide a counterpoint to these statistics regarding Russians’ opinion on the consequences of the Republic of Crimea joining the country, we conducted a sociological online survey (n=1012) among both Crimean inhabitants and people living elsewhere in Russia. The survey shows that the evaluation of the peninsula’s integration into Russia is mostly positive (72%) and neutral (18%), and that a lot of Russians, even though they may never have even visited Crimea, show great concern regarding the region’s social and economic issues, such as the condition of its infrastructure, local tourism, banking and loan restrictions, etc.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115027826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literacy Problems in the New Digital Reality (by the Example of Schoolchildren)","authors":"Tamara N. Lombina, V. Mansurov, O. Yurchenko","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7097","url":null,"abstract":"The article centers on the problems of reading in the new digital reality associated with the appearance of texts of a new digital format and the changed reading practices. This issue becomes topical, as digital reading starts to prevail over traditional which affects individual readers and the educational system. We conducted a pilot study of the reading skills of fourth-grade students (106 people) and analysed their reading practices. Testing according to the method of L. Yasyukova showed that most pupils (70%) have incomplete reading skills. Our respondents spend more time on digital reading (searching for information and communicating with friends on the Internet) as compared to reading paper books. In classes where pupils spend more time on the Internet, a larger percentage of pupils showed incomplete reading skills. Based on the data obtained, we formulated a hypothesis that requires further verification. The time spent by pupils on the Internet and the amount of digital reading may affect the level of understanding of texts on paper.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127849747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labor Migration and Business Activity in Russia: Analysis of the Tabarman Business Platform","authors":"V. Peshkova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.1.6272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.1.6272","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the entrepreneurial activity of migrants from Kyrgyzstan in Russia (on the example of Moscow and the Moscow region). The article analyzes the activity of the business platform “Tabarman” created by the entrepreneurs of Kyrgyz origin. The empirical part of the study is based on the event analysis of information about the activities of the tabarman business platform in social networks and the Internet, as well as on the analysis of the survey of participants of the first business forum organized by The platform, held on may 22, 2018. The analysis of the forum audience gives an opportunity to get an idea about the peculiarities of business activity of entrepreneurs of Kyrgyz origin, and the analysis of the platform as a business project-manifestations of the diversity of migrant infrastructure. The emergence of the Tabarman business platform is a vivid example of the quantitative and qualitative accumulation of personal and group resources of migrants from Kyrgyzstan, which has led to the complication of the interests and needs of recent migrant workers and the growth of entrepreneurial activity among them.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123402894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescents of the 1990s and Today: Perceptions of Environmental Issues","authors":"L. Ivanova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6695","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the dynamics of the attitude of adolescents to environmental problems. Relevance of the article is determined by the prospect of active influence of the younger generation on the environment in the near future. The attitude of teenagers in 1996 and 2017 to the possibility of economic growth and improvement of the well-being of Russians due to environmental degradation, as well as their concern about environmental problems (air and water pollution, deforestation, etc.) is analyzed. A comparison of the data from two surveys on “Adolescent health and the environment” in 1996 and 2017 showed that despite the deepening environmental crisis, the proportion of adolescents had almost doubled over the past two decades (13.1% in 1996, compared to 24.1% in 2017) of those who fully or partially agreed with the prospect of Russia’s economic growth due to environmental pollution, by 9.4% of those who agreed that the welfare of the people should be improved to the detriment of it; in addition, the share of adolescents who expressed serious concern about environmental problems has decreased, and the participation of respondents in environmental movements remains at a low level. There is also a positive trend: over two decades, the proportion of those who never litter the streets or nature has almost tripled. The article also considers data of all-Russian adult population surveys, which show that in comparison with the 1990s, the anxiety of Russians about environmental problems in their places of residence has decreased. In some questions, young people are more complacent than the older generation, although there is no basis for this. In the West, schoolchildren are active in the fight against global warming. The mass of the movement suggests the impact of this activity from school environmental education and education for sustainable development, which is given insufficient attention in Russia.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133191589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational and Methodological Aspects of Remote Research of Problems of Digitalization of Regions with Different Level of Sociocultural Modernization. Part II","authors":"V. Bogdanov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7100","url":null,"abstract":"This is the second part of the article, devoted to the study of the issues relating to the control of digitalization processes in Russian regions with different levels of sociocultural modernization. In the first part of the article, the theoretical and methodological and organizational aspects of remote study of these issues were presented. In particular, in the context of socioeconomic transformations outlined and approved by state authorities in strategic “breakthrough” plans, the necessity of conceptualizing digitalization as a process was explicated. Digitalization and the digital economy have become new markers in the power and political discourse quite recently, but the national “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” project has already been launched, which, according to its developers, should ensure the high-quality achievement of the goals of digitalization with regard to the primary elements of management (training of personnel and development of organizational and technological infrastructures). However, the role of digitalization in the modernization of regions is not fully understood. The social effects that the population may experience from the introduction of “breakthrough” design choices are not clear. Today, the population is compulsorily involved in rigorous algorithms and procedures of information technology interactions, in which the rules are initially established by technocratic subsystems, and not by the people, who would at least have the right to a wider degree of feedback from government agencies and its contractors, with well-defined guarantees for resolving their problems. In this regard, we actualize the problem of the transition from technocratic smart “regulation” involving technical methods of one-way communication to the search for ways to organize feedback based on socially-oriented management. In the framework of the industrial scientific and educational discipline of management sociology, we continue to study these issues and suggest getting acquainted with the results of an empirical study of the readiness of residents of 17 regions of the Russian Federation for digital transformations in their life and work. For clarification of the associated issues, we conducted a survey of experts. We used the data collected to determine the general preparedness of regional organizations and enterprises for digital transformation and to evaluate their inclusion in the digitalization management process. In particular, an assessment of the available resources for the implementation of “breakthrough” projects was made, and the attitude of residents of the regions toward the implementation of the national “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” project was determined. The article also touches on the prospects for the implementation of the “Smart City” project as an essential aspect of the “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” strategic project.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123538053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muslim Migrants in Germany: Problems of Adaptation and Integration","authors":"Anastasia Yu. Tolmacheva","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6689","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, every fifth German citizen has migration background, while Islam has become the second largest religion in the country. The number of Muslims increases every year, which raises concerns of the local population. Integration of Muslim migrants appears to be a great challenge for the country. Low education level, high religiousness, specifics of Islamic culture, often negative attitude toward this migration group – all of this creates problems with their integration. Modern Germany is an immigration country where integration policy is developed and implemented. The policy is oriented towards establishing conditions for successful integration of Muslims and shaping stable positive opinion about this group of migrants among the local population. German government structures regularly carry out studies of the Muslim population and the specifics of its linguistic, professional and social integration, which allow adapting integration programs. Using the example of Turkish migrants, who represent the largest group of Muslims in Germany (63%), the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees carried out studies that demonstrate specifics and difficulties of their adaptation, as well as successes of integration of the second and the third generations of Muslims. The peak of recent migration activity happened in 2015–2016, where more than 70% of migrants applying for the refugee status were Muslims. In this situation, the most valuable thing appears to be a successful implementation of the integration programs in the spheres of labour, education and socialisation. Taking into account demographic difficulties forecasted for Germany in the coming decades, the living standards and economy stability of the country will depend on the successful integration of migrants.","PeriodicalId":282799,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115615362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}