Egyptian Journal of Geology最新文献

{"title":"DETECTION OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT AS A TOOL FOR ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT","authors":"A. Abdelhalim","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215756","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, spatial analysis has taken place as a tool to detect the environmental changes and understanding the anthropogenic impacts in different scales and times. One of the effective remote sensing techniques is spectral indices algorithm which is used to differentiate preciously between different land cover elements. In this paper the moisture an index is applied on the multispectral Landsat satellite images Thematic Mapper (TM) to detect the soil moisture changes during different time series. Four launched years (1990, 2001, 2009, and 2016) of satellite image are used for the north coast of the Kuwait Bay which is occupied by the desalination Al-Subiya plant. The impact of the anthropogenic desalination plant on the coastal area was recognized and the increase of saturated area is classified into four ranks from low to high. The created maps show that the outlet channel had changed from water to high moisture assigned class that indicates the accumulation of a considerable amount of deposits as a result of neglecting channel maintenance.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133131222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MONITORING CHANGING POSITION OF THE SHORELINE ALONG BURULLUSBALTIM, NILE DELTA, EGYPT, AND THE RULE OF COASTAL DUNES AS A NATURAL DEFENSE AGAINST EROSION IN A GEO-HERITAGE SITE: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION","authors":"Taha","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215751","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the coastal area along the Burullus-Baltim coast shows that it is a fragile coastal area composed of loose sand eroded from the old Sebennitic Promontory since historical time of more than 1000 years, then enhanced after the construction of Aswan High Dam (AHD). The interplay of waves, wind and sands along this coast led to construction of a unique geomorphosite with the characteristic barchan and linear sand dunes. Due to the high threshold velocity that reached at Baltim (Vt) 19.38 cm sec, such velocity is able to blow sands with diameter D50 of 250 m. The velocity need for suspending the D50 to an elevation Z (Vz=5m) is equal to 630 cm sec-1. Contrary is the case to the east at Gamasa where the Vt equal to 16.3 cm sec-1 and the Vz for suspending the D50 (180 m at Gamasa) is equal to 560 cm sec . This may explain why the dunes at Baltim are coarser in grain diameter and together withthe tight back desert strip explain the presence of Baltim dunes at elevations more than 20m, while at Gamasa not exceeds 5m. These dunes represent natural defence measures for the barrier beach separating the Burullus Lake from the Mediterranean Sea. Due to human intervention including urban extension and agricultural activities much of these dunes were deteriorated and diminished from 174.8km to 6.4km. The project of extraction and concentration of heavy minerals from sand dunes seem uneconomic. Although the heavy mineral concentration is more than 5%, more than half of the detected minerals is Ilmenite, which is neitherstrategic nor economic mineral. Such project may add new form of hazards. Although the defence measures seem effective in protecting the coast, several rates of erosion and accretion were detected along the studied sectors, and the shoreline does not retain its present position in many areas of the coast since 1984.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YIELD APPRAISAL OF THE CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE OIL SHALES OF THE QUSEIR-SAFAGA AREA, RED SEA, EGYPT","authors":"M. El-Shafeiy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215450","url":null,"abstract":"Oil shales are source rocks of low to moderate maturity, which are considered as a potential deposit for future hydrocarbon generation. In Egypt, the epicontinental Cretaceous-Paleogene sequence is a part of a Middle East belt of oil shale deposits. The belt, in the Egyptian territories, is trending east-west and extending from the Quseir-Safaga district along the Red Sea to the Kharga-Dakhla oases in the Western Desert, passing through the Nile Valley between Idfu and Qena. These oil shales are constrained to the Duwi-Dakhla formations in ascending order. In this study, the Fischer assay technique is used to get oil yield for 37 selected oil shale core samples from seven localities along the Red Sea to come up with an evaluation. The average oil yield values of Abu Shegela, M. Rabah, Sodmine, and Um El-Huweitat areas are acceptable from the economic and processing points of view for the exploitation step. Raw-mix designs are necessary for high-yield and low-medium-yield strata for future exploitation of these shales. We propose the In-Capsule Retorting method to extract oil from the study oil shales, because of its inexpensive and environment-friendly characters.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129354533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOLOGICAL, GEOCHEMICAL, AND PETROGENETIC ASPECTS OF LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC YOUNGER GRANITES AT WADI UM SIDRA-WADI UM ASMER AREA, NORTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT.","authors":"El Afandy, El Kaliouby","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2020.215763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2020.215763","url":null,"abstract":"The late Neoproterozioc younger granites in the study area are classified into monzogranites, syenogranites and alkali feldspar granites according to the field, petrography and geochemical investigations. Monzogranites are mainly exposed along W. Um Sidra at G. Abu Mesaid in the eastern parts of the study area, intruding the Dokhan volcanic with sharp contacts. Syenogranites are exposed at G. El Shagola, G. Abu Harba, G Abu Mesaid, and some parts along W. Um Sidra intrude the metavolcanics and Dokhan volcanics with sharp contacts and contain enclaves of them. Alkali feldspar granites are exposed at G. El Shaylah, G. Urf El Eir, G. El Hurus, and the western exposures of G. Abu Harba intruding the metavolcanics and Dokhan volcanics with sharp and irregular contacts. The K/Rb, Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios for the studied granites indicate that they were originated from highly differentiated magma and have been formed by partial melting of granitic crustal rocks. These granites were generated in possible extension-related environment and in a post-collision granites environment. The post-collision granites have calc-alkalic affinites, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, and exhibit most of the characteristics of highly fractionated I-type granites derived from tonalites (intermediate magmas) of crustal sources. The studied monzogranites and syenogranites have generated at moderate/high water pressure in the 3 – 8 kbar and temperatures of about 660oC 685oC, while the alkali feldspar granites were crystallizated at low water vapor pressure about 1 kbar and temperature abour 660 oC., suggesting crystallization at relatively shallow depth between 20 and 30 km. The crystal-liquid equilibrium was the dominant mechanism involved in the genesis of these granites. The monzogranites and syenogranites have been generated at greater depth >30 km of the lower crust. The overall decreasing trends in FeO, MgO, CaO, TiO2, and P2O5 with increasing SiO2 coupled with increasing Rb, Y,Th and Nb and the fractionated nature of the REE [(La/Lu)n = 3.67-14.21] suggesting that the fractional crystallization was played the major role during the evolution of the studied granites.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114064332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A NEW ODONTORHYTIS SPECIES (CHONDRICHTHYES) FROM THE MIDDLE EOCENE OF ELGEDIDA MINE, BAHARIYA OASIS, EGYPT","authors":"Iman Salame, Anhar Asan","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216366","url":null,"abstract":"During a systematic examination of a chondrichthyan assemblage collected from the middle Eocene (probably Lutetian) glauconitic sandstone bed overlying the iron ore of ElGedida mine, in the Bahariya oasis, the authors came across a large number of minute teeth belonging to genus Odontorhytis. By comparing these teeth to the already known species Odontorhytis pappenheimi from the middle-late Eocene (Bartonian-Priabonian) of Egypt, it appeared that they differ from the latter species by a number of consistent characters, and must be assigned to a new species– Odontorhytis bahariensis.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"52 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120822412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORGANIC CARBON ISOTOPE PERTURBATIONS IN THE CRETACEOUSPALEOGENE ORGANIC-RICH SEQUENCE, CENTRAL EGYPT","authors":"M. El-Shafeiy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216336","url":null,"abstract":"The Cretaceous-Paleogeneorganic-rich sediments of central Egypt are preserved as laterally extensive organic-rich successions that are represented mainly by the Duwi and Dakhla formations. Numerous studies were concerned their hydrocarbon source rock potential, trace metal accumulation, and molecular fossils composition. Very rare studies were concerning their organic carbon isotopic composition. The present study; however, investigates the 13C of bulk organic matter as well as the δC of primary productivity tracers (pristane and phytane) for samples from two drilled cores in the Quseir and Abu Tartur areas. The results of the CTOC values indicate that the organic carbon, is essentially derived from a mixture of C3 land-plants and marine plankton. The short-term variability in the δCTOC and δCTOC of the pristane and phytane across the Duwi Formation is mostly related to paleoecological factors and photosynthesis. The uppermost Duwi/lowermost Dakhla strata, which represent a maximum flooding surface, show a negative δCTOC of magnitude -1 to -2‰ and -4 to -6‰ in the bulk organic carbon and bioproductivity tracers, respectively. Such perturbation can be most probably related to density stratification and overturn, although more investigations are required for the different hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124725676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MIDDLE AND THE UPPER JURASSIC ROCKS, WELL HF35/1, ABU SENNAN AREA, NORTH WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"Attia, A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216335","url":null,"abstract":"The Abu Sennan area is located at the southern rim of the Abu Gharadig basin east of Qattara topographic depression. The whole lithostratigraphic units throughout the well HF35/1 of the study area are mentioned in the present study. The deepest sedimentary succession of both the Middle Jurassic (Khatatba Fm.) and the Upper Jurassic (Masajid Fm.) was chosen to evaluate their capability for hydrocarbon production and their sedimentary setting in the studied well. Twenty-seven cutting samples from the present Formations were subjected to organic geochemical analysis using Rock-Eval pyrolysis technique. A twenty-four samples represented the Middle Jurassic and three samples of the Upper Jurassic were examined. The TOC values of the present succession reveal that the Masajid Formation has extremely fair quantity (average; 0.52 wt%), whereas the Khatatba Formation contains favorable hydrocarbon of good to very good quantity (average; 1.53 wt, %). However, the freely released hydrocarbons during pyrolysis indicates the domain of poor and fair petroleum potential for both formations. The plotting samples of the studied formations on the production yield (Py) versus TOC diagram confirms that the Masajid Formation is poor where the Khtatba Formation is dominant of fair petroleum potential. The kerogen type of the Masajid is Type III of hydrogen index (HI) values between 60.38 and 76 (mg HC/g TOC) and an S2/S3 ratio is around 3. The Khatatba is the same as the Masajid of the majority of type III with a little sample of type II/III did not exceed 12 % of the total examined samples. The latter type II/III represents the lowermost part of the Khatatba Formation. The dominance of kerogen III in the studied formations may relate to the proximity of sedimentation processes to the shore of the basin and/or the flourish of the terrestrial land plant during this period. The maturity parameters of Tmax, PI (production index), and Ro (vitrinite reflectance) of the studied formations show a late stage of maturity within a condensate wet gas (gas window) of the low conversion. Statistical analysis of the studied samples shows that the mature zone is considered to be within depth intervals of 2700m to 4150m.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF WADI ATALLA EL-MURR METABASALTS, EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT: VOLCANISM IN A MATURE NEOPROTEROZOIC BACK-ARC BASIN","authors":"Ayman E. Maurice","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216352","url":null,"abstract":"The mafic volcanic rocks of Wadi Atalla El-Murr, Eastern Desert, Egypt, comprise aphyric and porphyritic metabasalts composed of variably altered pyroxene and plagioclase. In the porphyritic metabasalts, the phenocrysts are dominated by augite either as individual crystals or as aggregates forming glomeroporphyritic texture. The plagioclases encompass a wide compositional range from labradorite (An = ~73%) to albite (An = 0.61%), reflecting seafloor hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism. The composition of the augite indicates crystallization from a subalkaline magma, overlapping the chemical characteristics of pyroxenes from island arc and ocean-floor basalts. The whole-rock compositions of representative samples reveal that these basalts are characterized by low K2O contents (<1 wt%) and have tholeiitic affinity. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the metabasalts display slight enrichment in LREE relative to HREE (La/Ybn = 1.08-1.70) and their MORB-normalized spider diagrams show variable LILE enrichment, variable depletion in most HFSE and a small negative Nb anomaly, suggesting derivation from a mantle source modified by a subduction component. However, these tholeiitic basalts differ in their geochemical features from Neoproterozoic nascent intra-oceanic island arc tholeiites (IAT), and mostly occupy the MORB or BABB field on conventional tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams. The mixed MORB/IAT geochemical characteristics of the Wadi Atalla El-Murr basalts most closely resemble those of basalts generated in modern back-arc environments affected by minor subduction input, implying eruption during the earliest mature stage of a Neoproterozoic back-arc basin. The present and published data of the metavolcanic rocks of Egyptian ophiolites revealed that they comprise BABB and MORB compositions. The majority of ophiolite metavolcanics of Egypt formed in subduction-related settings, from mantle sources slightly to significantly modified by input of a subduction component, implying generation at different stages of development of Neoproterozoic supra-subduction zone systems.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114305461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION OF A POLLUTED COASTAL AREA: THE MANZALA LAKE OF EGYPT, CASE STUDY","authors":"O. Orabi, K. Dahab, H. F. Abdella, Mostafa M. El-Sehamy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216364","url":null,"abstract":"The present study on the Manzala Lake is to define the environmental state, where the freshwater mollusks play significant roles in the public and veterinary health. Moreover the benthic foraminifers are affected by environmental changes and can be used as bio-indicators of pollution in coastal environments. Several physical and chemical factors are considered as affecting the ecology of snails and other intermediate hosts of diseases have been studied in the present work. The Recent sediment reported in the Manzala Lake illustrated that the whole area is characterized by relatively coarser fractions (silty sand) and located at the western part of the lake. The regional pollution index (RPI) of the studied Manzala Lake bottom sediments are exposed to high pollution levels by Cd, Pb, Ni and Co. Meanwhile, Zn and Cu display low degree of pollution. The highest values of heavy metals are recorded near El-Serw agricultural drain and also, at eastern portion of the lake near Bahr El-Baqar agricultural drain where the industrial region in Port Said country.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114935139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION FOR MODELING THE COMPLICATED RESERVOIRS; AN EXAMPLE FROM UPPER RUDEIS AND KAREEM RESERVOIRS, AMAL FIELD, SOUTHERN GULF OF SUEZ RIFT, EGYPT","authors":"Egypt., Okeil, S. Sakran, El-Gamil, Ramzy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2019.216333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2019.216333","url":null,"abstract":"This work is an attempt to convey the significant role of integrated geological interpretation techniques for constructing robust geological model in one of the most complicated and poorly seismically imaged reservoirs in the Southern Gulf of Suez rift basin. An Example has been taken from syn-rift Langhian and Early Serravallian reservoirs that are represented by Upper Rudeis and Kareem stratigraphic sequences. The bad seismic quality is the result of big thickness of Late Miocene evaporites. This hinders the construction of a reliable subsurface geological model of sub-salt reservoirs. As well, many geological and engineering challenges have been recognized particularly in these reservoirs. The 3D geological modeling techniques have been applied after the conventional geological interpretation to acquire more geological reasonability and geometric validity of the study reservoirs. The concerned section of Amal field has been subdivided into four different reservoirs; two of Upper Rudeis Member (UR2 & UR1) and two of Kareem Formation (Markha & Shagar). Only, the Upper Rudeis unit-one (UR1) records noticeable influence of syn-depositional fault movements on the thickness and facies pattern distribution. All these reservoirs exhibit different reservoirs connectivity that in turn affects the production performance behavior through the life of the field. This study could hold the key for the future field development plan and further exploration in and around of the main producing zones.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129513929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}