Philip Mendes, Bernadette J. Saunders, Susan Baidawi
{"title":"The Experiences of Indigenous Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care in Victoria, Australia","authors":"Philip Mendes, Bernadette J. Saunders, Susan Baidawi","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190630485.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630485.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reports on exploratory research in Victoria, Australia, involving focus groups and interviews with service providers and Indigenous care leavers to examine the impact of existing support services. Indigenous children and young people are highly overrepresented in the Australian out-of-home care system. To date, neither specific research focusing on this group’s experiences as they transition from care nor an assessment of the Indigenous-specific and non-Indigenous supports and services available to them have been undertaken. Findings suggest that Aboriginal Community Controlled Organizations (ACCOs) play a positive role in working with non-Indigenous agencies to assist Indigenous care leavers. Participants identified a few key strategies to improve outcomes, such as facilitating stronger relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous services and improving ACCO resourcing.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125502122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on Upholding the Rights of Youth Leaving Out-of-Home Care","authors":"E. Munro","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) recognizes that children in out-of-home care are entitled to special protection to promote their physical and psychological recovery. The Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, which are intended to enhance implementation of the UNCRC, also acknowledge the importance of transitional and aftercare support. This chapter explores progress toward realizing the rights of youth leaving out-of-home care in Australia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The emerging picture is that all these jurisdictions have some way to go to meet the standards enshrined in the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children and that emerging adults with complex needs are not currently sufficiently empowered or enabled to exercise their rights.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115395391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resilience, Transitions, and Youth Leaving Care","authors":"R. Gilligan","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses resilience in the lives of care leavers. Youth transitions can be especially challenging for young adults who face major adversity in their lives as they negotiate early encounters with adult life. One such group is young people leaving out-of-home care at the official age, in many jurisdictions, of 18 years. Young people leaving care often do not have the luxury of extending the timing of their transitions, as may be the case for their peers not in care; circumstances force them to make early transitions and, typically, without the level of support their more fortunate peers may be able to call on. Yet many young adults leaving care do quite well; they manage to display resilience. They find resources in their social ecology which help them to manage the process of their transitions. This chapter explores the background to such displays of resilience and how former caregivers and other concerned adults may help to stimulate and sustain such resilience. It also argues that support from concerned adults in arenas such as education and work may be especially helpful in promoting resilience to adversity among youth transitioning to adulthood from care.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122923711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Networks and Social Support in the Transition to Adulthood","authors":"Martin Goyette","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"For some youth in care, leaving a foster home definitively also implies leaving the only family and home they have ever known. Youth is thus a particularly critical moment in identity construction because it is central to the interplay between family heritage and social capital, all of which is acquired since childhood. Research has focused on competencies, resources, and individual characteristics of youth aging out of care, yet social networks and supports have received little attention. This chapter describes the networks of youth leaving care in the transition to adulthood and analyzes the links between the network characteristics and the socio-professional integration process of these young adults.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133053024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Earning a Hoodie, Voyager Capital","authors":"Kim Snow","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Most children in Ontario, Canada, who are involved in child protection services receive services while living with their family or kin; are temporarily placed in the custody of child protection services and live in foster homes, group homes, or kinship care homes; or are placed permanently in the care of child protection services. Until April 2018, this last group of young people were legally designated Crown Wards. This chapter describes a peer-led strategy which sees current and former Crown Wards in Ontario, Canada, plan their own educational journey while at the same time reaching out to other young Crown Wards to encourage them to do the same. Bourdieu’s field theory—specifically the concepts of social capital and habitus—are applied to the project. Fostering social capital, network mapping, and peer-centered practice are emergent models useful to the engagement process and essential as relational practice methods.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123689266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Séverine Thomas, Carolin Ehlke, Josef Koch, Wolfgang Schröer
{"title":"Care Leaving and the Transition Jungle in Germany","authors":"Séverine Thomas, Carolin Ehlke, Josef Koch, Wolfgang Schröer","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the situation of care leavers in Germany within a so-called transition jungle and illustrates the difficulties of transitioning of young adults from residential care to independent living, focusing especially on education and access to vocational training and employment. Leaving care can be understood as a status passage in young people’s lives, during which the public welfare system produces accelerated transitions into adult life. This acceleration restricts the space and time available for individual transitions and processes of development, especially in the transition to work. The chapter will also outline two models of good practice and describe how care leavers can be supported within their transition to vocational training and work.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"268 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123264188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foster Care as a Support System for Early Leavers","authors":"Douglas Magnuson, Mikael Jansson, C. Benoit","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is based on findings from a research project entitled Risky Business. In the study, 92 street-involved participants in wave 1 (out of 189) had some kind of care experience, either temporary or permanent, and, of the 64 participants in all five waves, 38 had care experience. These youth left care early, prior to the transition to adulthood, in favor of independence, although foster care and related services often reappeared later. In this chapter, the authors describe the role that foster care homes and staff played in the transition out of care and as support systems for youth seeking jobs, education, and refuge from street life. These cases might be instructive for considering how to make the normative, legal transition out of care at older ages more responsive for marginalized youth.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Can I Be a Real Adult?","authors":"Varda R. Mann-Feder","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter proposes that developmental theory can provide multiple lenses through which the transition to adulthood for youth from care can be understood and supported. This chapter outlines the benefits of a developmental approach and presents theories, such as Erikson’s identity theory and the theory of emerging adulthood, which stresses the importance of the identity formation process; attachment processes throughout the lifespan; and loss, grief, and mourning as it relates to the experiences of youth removed from home and placed incare. Relevant research with care leavers is reviewed, and implications are outlined for practice, policy, and future research that promotes optimal development for youth leaving care.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Transition to Adulthood from Care","authors":"Élodie Marion, Veronika Paulsen","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reports on a literature review that was conducted spanning the past 2 years to provide an overview of existing research and to identify future research needs in the field. Increased awareness of the changes related to traditional transition markers in emerging adulthood and of the poor outcomes and vulnerability of care leavers has led to a growing interest in this population. After a systematic process, 64 articles were included in the content analysis. This study identified four major topics that characterize recent research in this area: (1) policy, program, and services; (2) transition trajectories and markers; (3) social network and social support; and (4) subpopulations.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Benefits of Extending State Care to Young Adults","authors":"M. Courtney","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190630485.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter summarizes recent research in the United States providing evidence of the benefits of allowing youth in foster care to remain in care through their 21st birthdays. The chapter provides relevant background information about the foster care system in the United States, describes two studies that have considered the relationship between extended foster care and young people’s transition to adulthood, summarizes the findings of those studies regarding the potential benefits of extended care, and discusses the implications of the studies’ findings for policy and practice. As child welfare systems around the world increasingly continue to support young people in care into adulthood, research will be needed to ensure that these new care systems meet the needs of the young adults they serve.","PeriodicalId":282229,"journal":{"name":"Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132721834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}