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The effect of the judge's condition on the judgment of others' well-being. 法官的状况对他人福祉判断的影响。
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2041537
Y. Ganzach
{"title":"The effect of the judge's condition on the judgment of others' well-being.","authors":"Y. Ganzach","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2022.2041537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2022.2041537","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effect of perceivers' health conditions on their judgments of the well-being of target people (their judgments of the targets' day-to-day physical difficulties) based on information about the targets' health conditions. We develop a model which suggests that this effect depends on the similarity between perceivers' and targets' health: The perceiver's well-being is used as an anchor and the judgment of the target's well-being is either assimilated toward or contrasted away from this anchor, depending on the similarity between the subject's and target's health. Based on this model we derive and test the correlation-trend hypothesis which states that the higher the similarity between perceivers' and targets' conditions, the more positive the correlation between perceivers' conditions and their judgments of the targets well-being.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The shame of implicit racial bias. 隐性种族偏见的耻辱。
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2046538
Francis Stevens, Edwin Shriver
{"title":"The shame of implicit racial bias.","authors":"Francis Stevens, Edwin Shriver","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2022.2046538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2022.2046538","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides support for the theory that individual shame prevents individuals from recognizing their implicit racial biases. Participants across two studies in multiple conditions took the Race IAT, received feedback about their implicit racial bias, and then completed the Shame IAT. We created various conditions either to attribute their implicit racial bias to the self or to create an alternative explanation. The results demonstrated that when individuals attributed their implicit racial bias to themselves vs. an alternative attribution, they subsequently expressed higher levels of interpersonal shame, through increased associations between self-referential and shameful words. The need for positive self-esteem or the avoidance of a negative emotion such as shame may lead participants to avoid examining their own implicit racial biases.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122700035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Factors influencing the update of beliefs regarding controversial political issues. 影响对有争议的政治问题的信念更新的因素。
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/9d5gn
T. Kube
{"title":"Factors influencing the update of beliefs regarding controversial political issues.","authors":"T. Kube","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/9d5gn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9d5gn","url":null,"abstract":"Selectively integrating new information contributes to belief polarization and compromises public discourse. To better understand factors that underlie biased belief updating, I conducted three pre-registered studies covering different controversial political issues. The main hypothesis was that cognitively devaluing new information hinders belief updating. Support for this hypothesis was found in only one of the three issues. The only factor that consistently influenced belief updating across issues was the discrepancy between prior beliefs and new information. These results suggest that usually people do use evidence to correct their beliefs, but may refuse to do so if doubts about its generalizability arise.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130220018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facing the risk of upward mobility: Performance-avoidance goals and social class among high-school students 面对向上流动的风险:高中生的表现回避目标与社会阶层
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1681353
Alisée Bruno, Marie-Christine Toczek-Capelle, Céline Darnon
{"title":"Facing the risk of upward mobility: Performance-avoidance goals and social class among high-school students","authors":"Alisée Bruno, Marie-Christine Toczek-Capelle, Céline Darnon","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1681353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1681353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research has shown that lower social class students are more likely to endorse performance-avoidance goals (i.e., the fear of performing poorly) than higher-class students, particularly in situations of success. The purpose of the present research is, first, to test the upward mobility process as a moderator of the link between social class and performance-avoidance goal endorsement. The second aim is to document the further impact of this process on academic performance. Two hundred and fifteen high school students (M age = 17.40, SD = 0.69) participated in the experiment. Half of them were randomly assigned to a “mobility salience” condition where they completed a mobility perception scale; while the other half completed a neutral scale. Then, they answered performance-avoidance goal items and solved mathematics, physics and life and earth sciences exercises. Results indicated that the salience of the mobility process increased the effect of social class on both performance-avoidance goal endorsement and mathematic performance. In addition, performance-avoidance goals appeared to be a mediator of the interaction effect between social class and the salience of the mobility process on mathematics performance. No such findings were obtained for physics and life and earth sciences. Taken together, these results support the idea that the prospect of experiencing mobility may be one of the mechanisms behind the difficulties encountered by lower-class students in an academic context.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Intention matters to make you (im)moral: Positive-negative asymmetry in moral character evaluations 意图对你是否道德很重要:道德品质评价中的正负不对称
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1653254
Paula Yumi Hirozawa, M. Karasawa, A. Matsuo
{"title":"Intention matters to make you (im)moral: Positive-negative asymmetry in moral character evaluations","authors":"Paula Yumi Hirozawa, M. Karasawa, A. Matsuo","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1653254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1653254","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Is intention, even if unfulfilled, enough to make a person appear to be good or bad? In this study, we investigated the influence of unfulfilled intentions of an agent on subsequent moral character evaluations. We found a positive-negative asymmetry in the effect of intentions. Factual information concerning failure to fulfill a positive intention mitigated the morality judgment of the actor, yet this mitigation was not as evident for the negative vignettes. Participants rated an actor who failed to fulfill their negative intention as highly immoral, as long as there was an external explanation to its unfulfillment. Furthermore, both emotional and cognitive (i.e., informativeness) processes mediated the effect of negative intention on moral character. For the positive intention, there was a significant mediation by emotions, yet not by informativeness. Results evidence the relevance of mental states in moral character evaluations and offer affective and cognitive explanations to the asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121550737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Does your trust in strangers or close acquaintances promote better health? Societal residential mobility matters 你对陌生人或熟人的信任能促进健康吗?社会居住流动问题
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1658569
Yiheng Wang, Liman Man Wai Li
{"title":"Does your trust in strangers or close acquaintances promote better health? Societal residential mobility matters","authors":"Yiheng Wang, Liman Man Wai Li","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1658569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1658569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Some studies indicated that different types of trust are qualitatively different psychological experiences, which may lead to different health outcomes. The present study examined the effect of two types of trust, i.e., generalized trust and interpersonal trust, on promoting physical health and subjective well-being in regions varying in societal residential mobility. The data from a nationally representative sample, including 10,968 participants from 28 provinces/municipalities in China, were analyzed. The results showed that the negative relationship between generalized trust and depressed mood was stronger in the regions with higher societal residential mobility whereas the positive relationship between interpersonal trust and physical health and the negative relationship between interpersonal trust and depressed mood were stronger in the regions with lower societal residential mobility. These results highlight the importance of socio-ecological characteristics in understanding the adaptive functions of different types of social capital on health outcomes. (143 words; max: 150 words)","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Closeness or compassion? Relatedness and causal control influence helping via distinct pathways 亲近还是同情?相关性和因果控制通过不同的途径影响帮助
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1681352
Jennifer L Goetz, S. Halgren
{"title":"Closeness or compassion? Relatedness and causal control influence helping via distinct pathways","authors":"Jennifer L Goetz, S. Halgren","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1681352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1681352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why do people feel compassion? Two largely separate research literatures – one driven by evolutionary psychology and one driven by attribution theory – have shown that feelings of compassion for needy individuals and subsequent helping are predicted by both genetic relatedness and causal control. Research also suggests that emotional closeness, rather than compassion, motivates help for family. In two studies, we tested the role of genetic relatedness and control on cognitive and emotional mediators of helping. Results revealed that relatedness and control had distinct and independent effects on willingness to help needy individuals that were mediated by emotional closeness and compassion, respectively. These results provide a unique bridging of disparate literatures and suggest that emotional closeness and compassion serve distinct functions in facilitating prosocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Do higher-class individuals feel more entitled? The role of system-justifying belief 社会地位越高的人是否觉得自己更有资格?系统证明信念的作用
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1671783
Bu-Xiao Xu, Shen‐Long Yang, Jing Li, Ye Li, Yongyu Guo
{"title":"Do higher-class individuals feel more entitled? The role of system-justifying belief","authors":"Bu-Xiao Xu, Shen‐Long Yang, Jing Li, Ye Li, Yongyu Guo","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1671783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1671783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sense of entitlement can be defined as a pervasive sense that one deserves more and is entitled to more than others. Two studies examined the relationship between social class and sense of entitlement and how this relationship is moderated by system-justifying belief (SJB) in China. In Study 1, we conducted a survey among adults (N = 669) with results showing that social class was positively correlated with sense of entitlement for those endorsing SJB, but negatively correlated with sense of entitlement for those opposing SJB. In Study 2, we conducted an experiment among undergraduates (N = 128) with both social class and SJB being primed and the results replicated the pattern: the positive effect of primed higher social class on pay entitlement existed only for those primed with high SJB, and was dampened for those primed with low SJB. Therefore, higher-class individuals do not necessarily feel more entitled, and SJB may play an important role in shaping their sense of entitlement.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"608 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116075274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Assessing potential effects of daily cross-domain usage of information and communication technologies 评估日常跨领域使用信息和通信技术的潜在影响
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1680943
Y. Yeh, The-Ngan Ma, S. Pan, Pei-Ju Chuang, Yu-Hua Jhuang
{"title":"Assessing potential effects of daily cross-domain usage of information and communication technologies","authors":"Y. Yeh, The-Ngan Ma, S. Pan, Pei-Ju Chuang, Yu-Hua Jhuang","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1680943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1680943","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A within-person diary research design with 39 full-time workers was used to examine the effects of daily cross-domain usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on job-related performance and stress in both workplace and home domains. Segmentation preference effects on links between cross-domain ICT usage and both job performance and job stress were also analyzed. A positive association was found for the first relationship in mixed home-workplace contexts, and a negative association for the second in home contexts only. A stronger segmentation preference effect on the negative relationship between cross-domain ICT usage and job stress was found for integrators (employees who integrate work and home domains) compared to separators (employees who separate work/non-work activities). Our findings suggest that daily cross-domain ICT usage can enhance job performance and reduce job stress, with a moderating effect of segmentation preference on the link between cross-domain ICT usage and job stress.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"5 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114019349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The relation of neuroticism and social anxiety to willingness to volunteer 神经质、社交焦虑与志愿服务意愿的关系
The Journal of social psychology Pub Date : 2020-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1677548
Emily-Jane H MacDougall, S. McCann
{"title":"The relation of neuroticism and social anxiety to willingness to volunteer","authors":"Emily-Jane H MacDougall, S. McCann","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2019.1677548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1677548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Relations between neuroticism, social anxiety, and generic and specific willingness to volunteer were examined among psychology undergraduates (N = 196). Based on previous research and speculation, with each of the willingness to volunteer criteria, and either without or with statistical control for age, sex, and international student status, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) Neuroticism negatively correlates with willingness to volunteer; (2) Social anxiety negatively correlates with willingness to volunteer; (3) Controlling for social anxiety substantially reduces or eliminates the relation between neuroticism and willingness to volunteer; and (4) Controlling for neuroticism does not substantially reduce or eliminate the relation between social anxiety and willingness to volunteer. For generic willingness to volunteer, Hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported with but not without the three demographic controls. For specific willingness to volunteer, both hypotheses were confirmed with or without demographic controls. Hypotheses 3 and 4 also were supported with each criterion.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114498116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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