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The genesis of international mass migration最新文献

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The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7765/9781526131492.00005
E. Richards
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引用次数: 0
Before the discontinuity and the start of modern times 在不连续性和现代开始之前
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0003
E. Richards
{"title":"Before the discontinuity and the start of modern times","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"A radical shift in the velocity and volume of general mobility was a sine qua non of mass emigration. The pre-existing shape of labour mobilities set the context for the emergence of mass emigration. The beginnings of mass emigration were located in the British Isles in the 1820s, but the scale of the discontinuity requires a measure of the circumstances before the change. Modern mass mobility erupted in the western world in the early nineteenth century, especially in Victorian times. The case of Alexander Somerville in Scotland provides a standard pattern for mobility in the transitional age. English historians have long identified an array of categories of mobility in the pre-modern population, some long-distance, some seasonal, some local and circulatory. A composite picture has emerged which emphasises the essential fluidity of the population before industrialisation, of people in localised motion and perhaps increasingly so.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115597924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A general view of the origins of modern emigration and the British case 现代移民起源及英国案例概论
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0017
E. Richards
{"title":"A general view of the origins of modern emigration and the British case","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"By the 1880s, emigration to North America was rapidly exceeding the entire rural exodus in England and Wales and ‘the reserves of potential migration in the rural areas were much reduced’. By then most British emigrants were urban people. In the British case there is a crucial question about the extent of internal mobility in the home context, studied most influentially by Clark and Souden. The campsites, despite their diversity, align in the conditions favourable to migration and emigration, and therefore encourage broader explanations of the British discontinuity. In terms of the structural underpinnings of population mobility and its eventual expression in actual emigration, there are long lines of causation as well as matters of contingency in the story. In the end the rural sector expanded positively and unprecedentedly, to the demands generated by the essential needs of the expanded and industrialising population of the country.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
West Sussex and the rural south 西苏塞克斯和南部农村
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0004
E. Richards
{"title":"West Sussex and the rural south","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"West Sussex was a classic zone on the receiving end of the increasing economic divisions in the national story. Turmoil in rural Sussex had been rife at the turn of the century, marked by harvest failures, disorder and protest about food monopolies and inflated prices. Emigration from Sussex to remote Australia was riskier. Sometimes a local Sussex parish intervened and provided assistance to poor emigrants, in effect to paupers. Emigration was only one of many solutions to the problem of rural poverty in the district and across the nation. Much more common in the years before 1830 were certain initiatives taken to promote the emigration of poor people from Sussex, mainly to Canada and the United States. These schemes were led by local philanthropists and landowners seeking to diminish the burdens of poor relief.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115053197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
West Cork and North Tipperary 西科克和北蒂珀雷里
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0009
E. Richards
{"title":"West Cork and North Tipperary","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"West Cork was an outstanding and clear-cut version of the wider Irish experience, before and after the Famine. North Tipperary was not the most famine-ravaged part of Ireland, but it became the most turbulent. By the 1830s, Ireland was already becoming a primary supplier of emigrants to the great and insatiable needs of the United States. Emigration from south-west Ireland in the decades between 1770 and 1830 followed a clear sequence in the rural transformation. First came the amassment of population without any appreciable relief by migration. Much more significant was the emigration of Richard Talbot in 1818 from Tipperary to Upper Canada. T.J Elliott discovers the pathways and passages to America of the Protestant emigrants: using methods of family reconstruction and historical biography, he connects both ends of the ‘migration corridors’.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"92 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128019113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Front matter 前页
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7765/9781526131492.00001
E. Richards
{"title":"Front matter","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7765/9781526131492.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526131492.00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132447339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agrarian turmoil and the activation of mass mobility 土地动荡和群众流动的激活
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0008
E. Richards
{"title":"Agrarian turmoil and the activation of mass mobility","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/MANCHESTER/9781526131485.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The turmoil in the agrarian and demographic foundations of life reached across the British archipelago. They were on display most critically in Ireland where, in 1821, the population was more than half that of England and three times greater than Scotland’s, and also growing very rapidly. The emigration question was interconnected with the way in which the labour supply for the industrialisation of the British economy was achieved. The state of mobility and the transfer of labour out of rural England was becoming much clearer by mid-Victorian times. The beginnings of modern mobility were essentially rural, the origins are found in country cottages and villages, and along the very long and tortuous paths which, for a minority, led to the emigration ships. Only later did mass emigration become an overwhelmingly urban and industrial phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125306601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The European extension 欧洲的延伸
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0015
E. Richards
{"title":"The European extension","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Across much of Europe in the late nineteenth century there was a fundamental problem, notably in those zones where industrialisation had had little impact and where the agricultural sector confronted declining returns to labour. Population growth was evidently occurring in a transforming context of agrarian and industrial change, which carried the ultimate causes of mass migration. The absorbent capacity of European cities and towns was the critical factor in the long run. The scale of intra-European migration was extraordinary: Europe’s industrial cities attracted foreigners in vast numbers. The Canadian historian Norman Macdonald declared that the great diasporic European phenomenon was a migration with ‘many roots, chiefly the adverse conditions in the Old World and the appeal of the New’. By the late nineteenth century, emigrants were streaming out of most parts of Europe.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133657462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Index 指数
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.7765/9781526131492.00023
E. Richards
{"title":"Index","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7765/9781526131492.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526131492.00023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132787015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Irish case 爱尔兰的案例
The genesis of international mass migration Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.7765/9781526131492.00019
E. Richards
{"title":"The Irish case","authors":"E. Richards","doi":"10.7765/9781526131492.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526131492.00019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with Ireland’s place in the more generic context of the origins of migration from the British Isles. The first crescendo of mass international migration came in the mid-1840s and was disproportionately Irish. Population growth, famine and emigration in the Irish case are commonly regarded as tied together inextricably. The spread of the potato facilitated economic expansion which included ‘a huge movement of population from east to west with new communities growing up in previously little populated areas’. The potato failure in 1846 produced catastrophic levels of mortality and then massive migration. The evacuation of rural Ireland eventually issued forth into a flood of emigrants across the Irish Sea and across the Atlantic. Whatever the ideological assumptions, the readjustment of agriculture in Ireland, especially in the decades of the Great Famine, was radical and ruthless.","PeriodicalId":280332,"journal":{"name":"The genesis of international mass migration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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