Lviv clinical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"The Model of Experimental Non-Infectious Autoimmune Uveitis With Key Clinical Signs Manifestation Depending on the Severity Level","authors":"N. Kuryltsiv","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Uveitis primarily affects young individuals and often leads to loss of productivity. Understanding the clinical, immunological, and morphological characteristics of this disease is of utmost importance and should be based on a thorough study of its developmental mechanisms. Therefore, the experimental modeling of uveitis in rabbits plays a significant role in studying its dynamics. There are numerous models of non-infectious autoimmune uveitis (NAU) available. However, previous publications did not address the question of the severity level of experimental NAU based on the type of used model or amount of antigen administered. The aim of the study. To describe the model of experimental NAU exposing key clinical manifestations depending on the severity level. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 30 “Chinchilla” breed rabbits subdivided into two groups 15 animals each. NAU was induced in both eyes by intravitreal injection of either insoluble (group I) or soluble (group II) sterile horse serum. On the days of animal withdrawal from the experiment (3, 7, 10, 14, and 21), the clinical manifestatioin of NAU was evaluated based on changes in the humidity of the anterior chamber and vitreous body. A quantitative assessment of clinical signs of NAU was conducted in both groups animals under investigation. Results. From day 2, the clinical signs of NAU in two experimental groups demonstrated different degrees of severity of inflammation, with certain differences in the developmental dynamics. Namely, in group I, NAU was characterized by moderate and severe degrees of inflammation, while in group II, it was predominantly mild. In both groups, progress of intraocular inflammation was noted on days 3, 7, and 10, followed by a decrease in this process on the later phases of experiment. In comparison between two groups of rabbits concerning the dynamics of inflammatory clinical manifestations reflected in scores, a statistically significant differences were documented on all days of the experiment (p is less than 0.05). Conclusions. An experimental model of non-infectious autoimmune uveitis is described, which manifests key clinical signs of this disease development depending on its severity level. These observations open a new possibilities for this model prospective use in clinical practice for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, as well as for the development of new protocols for endogenous uveitis effective treatment. Keywords: experimental model, non-infectious autoimmune uveitis, blood serum, quantitative assessment.","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122114037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling as risk factors for bone mineral density disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"V. Chemes, O. Abrahamovych, U. Abrahamovych, O. Fayura, N. Drobinska, L. Kobak","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.044","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common causes of disability decrease in life expectancy among the elderly. The main risk factors for the occurrence of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include family predisposition, female sex, age, the presence of menopause, chronic inflammatory process and its treatment. The current task remains the assessment of risk factors for the occurrence of OP in patients with RA, and there is also the need to assess risk factors for the occurrence of OP in patients with RA based on the results of laboratory parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and markers of bone remodeling, which will improve the diagnosis of bone mineral density (BMD) disorders. The aim of the study. To determine the indices of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling as risk factors for the occurrence of bone mineral density disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods. To the study were randomly enrolled 76 patients with RA (64 women (84.21%) in the premenopausal period and 12 men (15.78%) 38-60 years old (the average age at the time of examination of women – 48.67 ± 2.34 years, men – 45.42 ± 2.78). All patients were receiving methylprednisolone at a dose of 4.0 mg/day and a short course during an exacerbation up to 24.0 mg/day for RA treatment, but received no drugs for the treatment of BMD disorders. All patients underwent an assessment of BMD using ultrasound bone densitometry of the calcaneus, indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and markers of bone remodeling were determined. Based on the obtained results, patients were stratified into three groups as follows: (1) 18 patients – 15 women and 3 men, aged 38-52, with RA without BMD disorders; (2) 34 patients – 31 women and 3 men, aged 38-54, with RA and osteopenia; (3) 24 patients – 18 women and 6 men, aged 41-53, with RA and OP. The control group consisted of 22 practically healthy individuals. Results. Patients with RA without BMD disorders significantly more often observed a decrease in the content of total calcium (p is less than 0.015) and ionized calcium (p is less than 0.000) in the blood serum, as well as a decrease in the individual osteocalcin (OK) index (р is less than 0.000). These patients were also endangered with reduced OC and/or total Ca in blood serum (p is less than 0.005). It was also revealed that in RA patients a decrease in urinary phosphorus indicates higher risk of osteopenia compared to RA patients with normal reference values of the same index (p is less than 0.000). Moreover, in patients with RA increased ionized calcium and decreased phosphorus indeces in urine correlated with significantly higher risk of osteoporosis compared to RA patients with these indeces normal levels (p is less than 0.050). According to the obtained data, an increase in the β-CrossLaps index in patients with RA is a risk factor for the occurrence both osteopenia and OP (p is less than 0.050). It was also fo","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Predictors of the Development of Various Complications of Blood Circulatory System in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (Literature Review with Own Research Results)","authors":"V. Denesyuk","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.088","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. A big number of publications are reporting results obtained while using echocardiography (EchoCG) in heart diseases. However, so far, applicability of EchoCG data to predict possible complications in cardiovascular system have not been studied sufficiently. The aim of the study. Using available literature and own research results to analyze EchoCG predictors of the development of various complications of the blood circulatory system during acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods. Literature review covered 41 analyzed articles, results of which were compared with our own observations. Results. Two years after the myocardial infarction there exist several variants of further disease development: favorable, with the preserved left ventricle dysfunction; conditionally preserved and moderately preserved, with pronounced dilatation and compensatory left ventricle hypertrophy; and unfavorable, with reduced left ventricle systolic function accompanied by the increased end systolic and end diastolic volumes. Repeated myocardial infarction is more often supplemented with the secondary myocardial necrosis in the perifocal zone and dilatation of the left ventricular cavities. Our observations revealed that violation of myocardial contractility is manifested in those cases, when the myocardial damage exceeds 20.0 % of the thickness of the left ventricular wall; in those cases, when the damage covers from 20.0 to 50.0 % – a Q wave is registered on the electrocardiography. Prognostic predictors and criteria for the development of unfavorable cardiovascular events after being subjected to ST elevation of myocardial infarction include: increased angina attacks, progression of congestive heart failure, age over 60 years, increased heart rate more than 90 beats/min, ventricular extrasystole 3-5 grades according to B. Laun, elevation of the ST segment more is equal 1 mm, left ventricle hypertrophy, alteration of two or more coronary arteries. Conclusions. Unfavorable prognostic predictors according to EchoCG data are as follows: increased end diastolic and end systolic volumes, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction is less than 40.0 % on the background of early or late remodeling, concentric type of remodeling. Eccentric left ventricular ejection fraction, being initially compensatory in nature, due to its increased severity and cardiomegaly accompanied by a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction is less than 40.0 % – decompensated. Predictors of the right cardiac cusp are: ventricular extrasystoly of 3-5 gradations, ventricular tachicardia of the “pirouette” type, prolongation of Q-T interval, decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction is less than 40.0 %, increased anginal attacks and progression of congestive heart failure. Keywords: echocardiographic predictors, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, ventricular extrasystole.","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Among the Population of Ukraine in 30 Years (1991-2021) as an Irrevocable Loss of Human Resource","authors":"V. Ruden","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the process of reproduction of the population in the earthly period of the population’s life, death, which “… spread to all people” since the fall of Adam and Eve, did not escape the population of independent Ukraine at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, where, according to the report of the United Nations Organisation (2021): “…the population of Ukraine is shrinking at one of the fastest rates in the world.” The aim of the study. To investigate the characteristics of mortality among the population of Ukraine over the past 30 years (1991-2021) in the context of its impact on the irreversible loss of human resources. Materials and methods. An epidemiological, single-moment, continuous, prospective research was carried out using the biostatistical data of the database of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory for 1991-2021, using the Microsoft Office Excel (2021) computer package while applying several scientific medical biostatistical methods taking into consideration the systematicity principles. Results. It is proved that in the process of depopulation in Ukraine, where mortality exceeds birth rate by Р = 63.2 % (n = 1.6 times), significant features in the number of deaths in Ukraine during the analyzed years are their quantitative growth by Р = 6.6 % or n = 44 303 cases, as well as an increase in deaths rate among urban residents by n = 1.5 times, as well as of female gender (by Р = 1.1 ± 0.1 %), and those aged 60 years and older, with the age structure index P = 75.3 ± 0.9 % with a simultaneous decrease in the population of Ukraine by P = 20.1 % or n = 10 451 713 people. Conclusions. A high mortality rate (Р = 18.5 ‰) was established among the population of Ukraine, which, is confirmed by the data of the United Nations Organization report (2021), when “… the population of Ukraine is decreasing at one of the fastest rates in the world”. To reduce mortality among the population, the state of Ukraine should immediately develop and implement at the all-state, regional, and local levels several targeted programs to overcome the demographic crisis and achieve sustainable demographic development with the normalization of reproduction processes and the improvement of the quality of life of the population, preservation and restoration of the existing human resource of vital, economic, social, labor, moral and political, military and defense potentia Keywords: the state of Ukraine, depopulation, mortality, number, place of residence, gender, age, human resources, potentiall of the state.","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125987912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature and frequency of comorbid heart lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed by echocardiography: detection and characteristics of their syntropic variants","authors":"L. Kobak, O. Abrahamovych, U. Abrahamovych, S. Guta, L. Tsyhanyk","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by damage of different organs and systems. It has been proven that cardiovascular events are proportionally more frequent in SLE affected persons in comparison with general population of corresponding age and sex. Echocardiography is most oftenly used due to its wide availability, ease of implementation, non-invasiveness, safety for visualization of anatomical features, assessment of structure and function of the heart and main vessels. Syntropic comorbid lesions are the non-random combination of two or more syndromes or nosological units with common genetic and/or etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms in a person, which may under certain circumstances influence each other's course. The aim of the study. To investigate nature and frequency of comorbid heart lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, diagnosed by echocardiography, to identify and characterize their syntropic variants. Materials and methods. 125 patients were included in the study after signing the voluntary Consent to participate, in accordance with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of Human Rights, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, in a randomized manner with preliminary stratification based on the presence of SLE, as well as heart lesions detected by echocardiography. The study included 110 women (88.00 %) and 15 men (12.00 %) aged 18 to 74 years (mean age 42.48 ±1.12 years). All patients with SLE were stratified into five groups based on the evaluation of SLE activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scale - SLEDAI). All participants were patients of the Rheumatology Department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. The study included two phases, during which the nature and frequency of comorbid heart lesions, detected by echocardiography, followed by elimination and characterization of syntropic lesions were determined. Results. About half of SLE patients with comorbid heart lesions have mitral valve (MV) insufficiency, and about 1/3 of patients have mitral valve stenosis with left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction. With decreasing frequency we recorded thickening of the aortic valve (AV) leaflets, increased thickness of the interventricular septum (IS), pericardial effusion, enlargement of the left atrial (LA) cavity, enlargement of the right ventricle (RV), increased thickness of the posterior wall of LV in diastole, prolapse of MV, pulmonary hypertension, insufficiency of the tricuspid valve (TV), increase in the diameter of the ascending aorta, AV insufficiency, systolic dysfunction of the LV, enlargement of the LV cavity in diastole. Mitral stenosis and aortic stenosis were found in one case only. Having studied comorbid heart lesions in SLE affected patients, we found that some of them depend statistically reliable on the activity of disease. Therefore, we consider heart valve thickening, pulmonary hypertensi","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115509995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements of Cardiology in the Investigation of Diagnostic Criteria and Predictors of Complications in the Blood Circulatory System in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Combined with Arterial Hypertension (Literature Review and Own Results)","authors":"V. Denesiuk","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.062","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. It is generally accepted, that activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is the first step in the development of hypertension, subsequently leading to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessels of heart, brain, kidneys, aorta, and further alteration of peripheral vessels. Some time after the onset of hypertension, left ventricle hypertension develops, inducing various forms of coronary heart disease, strokes, etc. Currently the above circumstances turned to be a global problem of cardiology and medicine. However, data on diagnostic criteria and the evaluation of these combined diseases prognostic predictors are far from complete. The aim of the study. To reflect achievements of modern cardiology in the investigation of criteria predicting complications in the blood circulatory system. Materials and methods. A review of 51 articles is supplemented with author`s own results. Results. It is estimated that arterial hypertension induce hypertrophy of the left ventricle with further cardiac remodeling, which contributes to myocardial infarction, strokes, and cardiac arrhythmias. In patients with coronary heart disease combined with hypertension, structural reorganization of myocardium is supplemented with remodeling of cardiac conducting system resulting with ventricular extrasystoles, atrial fibrillation, etc. Predictors of acute left ventricular failure and chronic heart failure have been published in the literature. Due to our observations, coronary heart disease in patients with hypertension correlates with disturbances in central hemodynamics, decreased contractile function of the left ventricle, changes in blood supply of different pulmonary zones, significant disturbances in tissue metabolism, these pathological signs leading to the development of chronic heart failure, arrhythmias and heart blockage, disorders of cerebral blood circulation. Conclusion. The obtained results make it possible the identification of diagnostic criteria and predictors of various circulatory complications in patients with the diagnosed coronary heart disease combined with hypertension. However, more observations are needed to get new insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of complications development, further specification of their predictors and creating more effective methods of their prevention. Keywords: prediction of malignant arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131414072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cytokines and Biomarkers of Inflammation Indices in Patients with Peritoneal Sepsis with Different Degrees of Severity","authors":"O. Plytka","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock are major public health problems worldwide. The consequences of sepsis are especially unfavorable for people with weakened immunity. Biomarkers of inflammation play an important role in the diagnosis of sepsis: C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, the indices of which increase significantly in this pathology. The aim of the study. To investigate quantitative indices of cytokines and biomarkers of inflammation in patients with peritoneal sepsis with different degrees of severity. Materials and methods. A group under examination included 101 patients. The esteemed laboratory indices included interleukins-1β, -2, -6, -10; tumor necrosis factor-α; C-reactive protein and procalcitonin concentration. Results. In patients with sepsis, the interleukin-1β index exceeded control values by 2.9 times. In the severe sepsis group this same index increased by 1.2 times, and in septic shock – by 1.4 times, compared to patients with sepsis. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in the blood of patients with peritoneal sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock was 1.1, 9.2, and 2.9 times higher than control values, respectively. While measuring the concentration of interleukin-6, it was detected this index enhancement in all three groups of septic patients. Also it was documented certain decrease in the interleukin-2 index in all patients under investigation, compared to control. In patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, an increase in the level of interleukin-10 in comparison to control values was estimated up to 4.9 and 5.1 times. An increase in C-reactive protein and procalcitonin registered in all groups of septic patients, as well as the observed cytokine imbalance apparently reflect disability of the immune system to respond adequately and resist pathogenic microorganisms due to the deepening of the sepsis severity. Conclusions. In patients with peritoneal sepsis, the level of interleukin-1β exceeded control values by 2.9 times, in patients with severe sepsis – 3.7 times, and with septic shock – 4.2 times. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in the blood of patients with peritoneal sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock was 1.1, 9.2, and 2.9 times higher than control values, respectively. Concentration of interleukin-6 in patients with peritoneal sepsis exceeded by 8.4 times, in the severe sepsis – by 18.8 times, and in septic shock – by 17.4 times control values. In patients with sepsis and severe sepsis of peritoneal genesis, the level of interleukin-2 decreased by 1.85 times, and in the septic shock group – by 1.6 times compared to the control values. Interleukin-10 indices in patients with sepsis increased by 1.28 times, in severe sepsis – by 4.9 times, and in septic shock – by 5.1 times in comparison with control values. An increase in C-reactive protein compared to its control values was detected in all patients under investigation: in the sepsis group – by 77.8 times, in sever","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133219477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of donor`s blood screening on the presence of hepatitis C antibodies in the blood service of Ukraine for 2019-2021","authors":"V. Novak, O. Tarasyuk, S. Primak, O. Tushnytskyi, I. Myskiv","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. An indicator of social and medical well-being, in particular, during wartime in Ukraine, is the level of spread of one of the hemotransmissive infections – hepatitis C. After being contaminated with hepatitis C virus donor blood is transformed from a life-saving treatment to a source of deadly disease, all the above accompanied by lack of statistics on cases of infection transmission during blood transfusions. There is an urgent need for the blood service of Ukraine to implement method of polymerase chain reaction, widely used in global practice, which will make it possible to detect blood transmissive pathogens even in the early phases of infection. Detection of potential infectious agents should be established in Ukraine at an appropriate level with the mandatory use of methods and quality test systems that are implemented in countries of European Union and United States of America. The aim of the study. To analyze the donor`s blood screening results on the presence of hepatitis C antibodies according to the blood service of Ukraine reports for the years 2019-2021. Materials and Methods. An epidemiological, single-moment, continuous, retrospective analysis was carried out using biostatistical data in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 353 of 10.12.98 “On ensuring the safety and quality of donated blood, its components and derivatives preparation” (reports of regional centers for blood transfusion of Ukraine) for the period 2019-2021 while applying medico-statistical methods: retrospective, copying, mathematical, graphic, abstract, deductive awareness, structural and logical systemic analysis. Screening of donor blood for the presence of hepatitis C antibodies was accomplished by the enzyme immunoassay method. The dynamics of the prevalence of hepatitis C markers among donors per 100,000 studies with deviation indices (DI+/-) were analyzed. Results. The number of tests conducted for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in 2019, 2020 and 2021 was 502155, 445224 and 474488 respectively, indicating certain decrease of donor blood screening potential. According to the quantitative hierarchy, the highest peak in the prevalence of hepatitis C markers in 2019 was detected in Ivano-Frankivsk region, while the lowest value of this same index documented in Sumy region. According to the obtained database, the average all-Ukraine index of the hepatitis C virus prevalence in donor`s blood decreased from 832.0 in 2019 to 527.3 in 2021 per 100.000 probes. Conclusions. Taking into consideration the overall epidemic situation related to the prevalence of hepatitis C markers in donor’s blood in Ukraine due to period 2019-2021, the Parliamentary view on the problem, with regard to the Order of the Ministry of health care of Ukraine “On the approval of measures and means for preventing infections during patient care”, there is acute necessity for the implementation of modern diagnostic methodology (namely – the","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying Predictors of Acute Left Ventricular Failure and Criteria for the Progression of Chronic Heart Failure in Cardiac Pathologies (Literature Review: Results of Own Research)","authors":"V. Denesyuk","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.02.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.02.079","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Few works have been published in the literature on the prediction of predictors of acute and chronic heart failure. The aim of the study. Аnalyze the achievements of cardiology in the field of studying the predictors of predicting acute left ventricular failure and the criteria for the progression of CHF with various CVD. Materials and methods. Vikoristani 51 published an article and presented the results of public research in the field of predicting acute respiratory failure and progression of CHF in heart disease. Results. In most patients, the term after the transferred MI is associated with an increase in end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, which are prognostically unfavorable signs. In these cases, the development of LV remodeling is of great importance, as well as accepting the same name as MI, stroke, and HF. Predictors of unfavorable cardiovascular diseases dynamics: changes in EDV, ESV and left ventricular ejection fraction. It should be noted that GLS and diastolic dysfunction are important predictors of cardiovascular complications and SCD. The apparent mitral regurgitation increased the risk of death for 5 years of birth. On the basis of our research, we proved for the first time in 1991 that 4 pathogenetically related mechanisms play a leading role in the development of the initial stage of HF in SCD: central, regional pulmonary hemodynamics, microcirculation, and tissue exchange with the development of arteriolar hypoxemia, venous hyperoxia, reduction of ABB by O2 and utilization of oxygen by tissues, reduction of aerobic processes occurring in the H. A. Krebs cycle and replenishment of energy deficit due to increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate shunt (activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase). Conclusions. Based on the given data and own results of the study, predictors of predicting acute CHF and progression are: AMI, UA severe form, stable angina pectoris 3-4 FC, cardiac aneurysm, SBP more than 180 mm Hg. and is less than 100 mm Hg, age 70 years and older, AF, TP, VE of 3-5 gradations, “pirouette”-type VT, significant increase in EDV, ESV and decrease in LVEF. The study of predictors of acute progression and criteria for predicting CHF is of primary importance. Key words: predictor of acute left ventricular insufficiency, chronic heart failure","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and Ranking of Factors Affecting the Quality of Tactile Perception of L. Braille Font by Blind People","authors":"M. Havenko, M. Labetska, V. Korotka","doi":"10.25040/lkv2023.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25040/lkv2023.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the process of educational and work activities, blind people mostly use tactile sensitivity to perceive information, the presentation of which is mainly realized in a six-dot format according to the well-known Braille system. The problems related to the study of the processes of perception and reproduction of relief-dot font attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign scientists. The effectiveness of perception and the durability of the use of L. Braille images depends on the nature of the cognitive interaction of human senses and the tactile surface. In this regard, the determining condition of quality assurance is the maximum consideration of the needs of blind people at the stage of designing and manufacturing a tactile product. The overall result of qualitative perception of information by blind people will ultimately depend on the accuracy of determining the geometric and tactile characteristics of printed products. The aim of the study. To classify and rank the factors affecting the process of designing and reproducing the L. Braille font to ensure the quality of tactile perception of information by blind people. Materials and methods. Samples of pharmaceutical cardboard packages, which are marked with the L. Braille font by embossing, screen printing and Ink jet printing. For research, methods of electron microscopy, modelling and mathematical statistics were used. Results. The analysis of the level of selected factors influence of tactile products design indicates a significant interaction between them. So, for example, the printing method affects the density of signs and their geometric parameters, in particular the diameter and height of the L. Braille dot, and the type of tactile products and the reading experience depend on the protective coating and the base material. This is confirmed by the results of expert evaluations of the quality of Braille inscriptions, reproduced using various printing methods of reproduction (embossing, screen printing, and ink-jet printing), on samples of pharmaceutical product packages, which showed a significant influence of the chosen method of manufacturing printed products for the blind on the quality of its tactile perception. It has been established that the best readability of relief text is achieved when using digital Ink jet printing technology. Conclusions. The process of assessing the quality of perception of relief inscriptions by the blind is a complex technological task. For the optimal selection of materials and technology for reproduction of L. Braille inscriptions, a large number of factors of perception process of tactile information must be taken into account. The constructed cognitive model of the perception of a tactile product by people with visual impairments allows determining the set of factors of the design process based on the analysis of the multi-level system “tactile product – blind person”, which ensures the performance of all basic cognitive functi","PeriodicalId":279640,"journal":{"name":"Lviv clinical bulletin","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}