Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World最新文献

{"title":"The use of bond graph modelling in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell fault diagnosis","authors":"A. Vasilyev, J. Andrews, L. Mao, L. Jackson","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-195","url":null,"abstract":"© 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, London. As a possible alternative energy source, hydrogen fuel cells, especially Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, have received much more attention in the last few decades, which have already been equipped in many applications. A series of studies have been devoted to PEM fuel cell fault diagnosis to ensure its reliability during its lifetime, but due to the complexity of PEM fuel cell systems and incomplete PEM fuel cell test protocols, it is difficult to test various PEM fuel cell failure modes, thus the performance of fault diagnostic techniques cannot be fully investigated. On this basis, it is necessary to develop a reliable PEM fuel cell model with capability of simulating various PEM fuel cell faults. In this study, a hybrid model is developed to represent the behavior of PEM fuel cells in both continuous and discrete-time domains. With a continuous-time domain sub-model, various aspects of PEM fuel cell behavior can be simulated, including fluid, thermal, and electro-chemical dynamics. Moreover, the PEM fuel cell failure modes are implemented with stochastic Petri nets in the discrete-time domain. Based on the developed hybrid model, various PEM fuel cell failure modes can be simulated and their effects on the system performance can be observed. With the simulated data under different conditions, the performance of fault diagnostic techniques can be better evaluated by studying their performance in different failure mode scenarios.","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127778040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal protective equipment detection in industrial facilities using camera video streaming","authors":"C. Maior, João M M Santana, L. Nascimento, J. Macedo, M. Moura, D. Isis, E. Droguett","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127526796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure function in analysis of multi-state system availability","authors":"M. Kvassay, V. Levashenko, J. Rabcan, Patrik Rusnak, E. Zaitseva","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127323032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis management in extreme situation: The Model of Resilience in Situation (MRS) as a support to observe the organization with simulation","authors":"Q. Baudard, P. L. Bot, C. Garza","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127347308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using microworlds to study critical infrastructure protection—the effect of incentives on risk management","authors":"Henrik Tehler, J. Lindström, Hanna Lindbom","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-233","url":null,"abstract":"A computer simulated microworld was used to study risk management in a critical infrastructure context. 36 students assumed the role of an electric distribution company Chief Executive Officer (CEO) making decision on how to spend resources between investments in risk reduction and other investments. We studied the effect of differences in terms of the incentives to invest in risk reduction and the extent that the participants had access to a risk assessment. We found that both independent variables influenced the total resources spent on risk reduction and total losses due to storms. If the company had to bear a larger part of the total losses due to a storm their propensity to invest in risk reduction increased. In addition, if the participants were provided with a simple risk assessment to support their decisions they invested more resources in risk reduction, and they were also more successful in limiting the total losses due to storms. (Less)","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk dimensions of fish farming operations and conflicting objectives","authors":"S. M. Holen, I. Utne, Xue Yang","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-180","url":null,"abstract":"Operations at sea-based fish farms can be challenging, and several risk dimensions are of concern during operations. Sea lice represent a challenge for the fish farmers who are required to perform delousing when the infestation levels rice above a set value. Delousing operations are frequently performed and require the use of heavy machinery operated from service vessels moored to the net-cages. Operators are exposed to hazards that may cause severe injuries and fatalities. Escape of salmon, which is a substantial environmental risk, has occurred in relation to delousing operations. Chemicals used during the operations may cause negative environmental consequences. Other safety related issues are the fish health and welfare. In this paper, a delousing operation on a fish farm is discussed with respect to different dimensions of risk, and potential conflicting objectives are discussed. regulations (Norwegian Ministry of Trade Industry and Fisheries, 2012), and has become an operation frequently performed in fish farms. Delousing is an operation where several factors identified as critical or risk-influencing are present, see Table 1. In this paper, the first three risk dimensions are presented and compared with the purpose of identifying examples of potential conflicting objectives in the fish farming operation delousing. Conflicting objectives is an accident perspective, and highlighting consequences of the different pressures the human operators are exposed to in aquaculture, risk-reducing measures can be developed. 2 RISK DIMENSIONS IN A CONFLICTING OBJECTIVES’ ACCIDENT PERCPECTIVE The concept of conflicting objectives is described by Rasmussen’s migration model (Rasmussen, 1997a). It explains how accidents may happen when decisions in an organization are made based on different objectives and constraints. One example is the decisions made by management to minimize costs, while operators may focus on making the operations as efficient as possible. These sometimes competing, or conflicting, objectives may eventually lead to a migration towards the boundary of a functionally acceptable performance. As the decisions are made local at separate levels, the side effects of the decisions may eventually set the stage for an accident (Rasmussen, 1997b). The operators can be seen to be at the sharp-end, close to the hazard sources, while management can be seen to be at the blunt end, removed from the hazards (Rosness, 2001, Rosness et al., 2010a).","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"1983 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130380798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losing containment at high temperature and pressure—an experimental study with water-steam circuit","authors":"F. Heymes, P. Lauret, C. Lopez, P. Hoorelbeke","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-9","url":null,"abstract":"The design of pressure vessels aiming to contain water under high pressure and temperature conditions considers steady state behavior of the fluid. But if pressure decreases suddenly thanks to a leak or a rupture, water can get into a supercritical state. Supercritical state is a high energy and metastable state that could lead to a catastrophic accident such as explosion. The phase change of the superheated fluid is expected to entail a violent repressurization of the vessel, and may blow up the vessel. Little data can be found in literature about that repressurization process. The aim of this work was there to measure the repressurization dynamics of superheated water following a loss of containment. Experiments were performed at high temperature and pressure (up to 315 degrees C, 100 bar) in order to understand the phenomenon. The pressure drop in the tank was fast and well below the saturation pressure at the given temperature. Then, a repressurization peak occurred, depending on the pressure drop history. The set of results is discussed and compared to literature data.","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130755084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental fatigue damage simulation for reliability assessment of steel wire ropes under fretting fatigue conditions","authors":"S. Ahmad, S. Badshah, M. Abdulhamid, H. Kang, A. Kader, M. Tamin","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault diagnosis of wind turbine structures using decision tree learning algorithms with big data","authors":"I. Abdallah, V. Dertimanis, H. Mylonas, K. Tatsis, E. Chatzi, N. Dervili, K. Worden, Eoghan Maguire","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132433888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian aggregation of expert judgment data for quantification of human failure probabilities for radiotherapy","authors":"L. Podofillini, D. Pandya, F. Emert, A. Lomax, V. Dang, G. Sansavini","doi":"10.1201/9781351174664-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-62","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the quantification of probabilities for human failures in the radiotherapy domain. The probabilities are used as input for the development of a Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) method specific for radiotherapy. Quantification is based on expert judgment, in view of the lack of relevant data. A Bayesian aggregation model is used to aggregate the judgments collected during elicitation sessions with domain experts. A qualitative scale is first used; then the judgments are interpreted as information on the order of magnitude of the error likelihood and aggregated under the Bayesian scheme. Besides for the specific domain of interest, this work is relevant for novel HRA applications outside typical domains, for which the need to incorporate expert judgment in traceable and defendable ways is key. magnitude of the error likelihood and aggregated under the Bayesian scheme. The paper presents the results of the aggregation. The application shows the ability of the aggregation approach to formally represent the variability of the experts’ estimates. Besides for the radiotherapy domain, the work presented in this paper is relevant for the various efforts recently done to extend HRA methods for application beyond their most typical applications, i.e. nuclear power plant operation. Lack of relevant data is a major issue for these novel applications (Bye et al. 2017, NASA 2012, Gibson 2012, Mkrtchyan et al. 2015, NUREG 2016) and methods to elicit expert judgment in a formal and defendable way are needed along with specific data collection initiatives. The paper is organized as follows. The next Section provides the background on the HRA method under development, for which probability values are sought for in this paper. Section 3 presents the design of the elicitation sessions and the concepts underlying the Bayesian approach for processing and aggregation of the judgments. Section 4 presents the application to two Decision Trees part of the framework of the HRA method under development. Concluding remarks close the paper. 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The framework for the HRA method consists of eighteen decision trees, one for each failure mode","PeriodicalId":278087,"journal":{"name":"Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132527401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}