History of Science in South Asia最新文献_第2页

Gameplay as Foreplay at a Medieval Indian Court 中世纪印度宫廷的前戏玩法

History of Science in South Asia Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.18732/hssa82

Jacob Schmidt-Madsen

{"title":"Gameplay as Foreplay at a Medieval Indian Court","authors":"Jacob Schmidt-Madsen","doi":"10.18732/hssa82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18732/hssa82","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the singular courtly game of phañjikā described in the 12th-century Mānasollāsa attributed to King Someśvara III of the Western Cālukya Empire. It shows that phañjikā belongs to the family of cruciform race games, which also counts the famous games of caupaṛ and paccīsī among its members. Phañjikā, however, predates the earliest evidence for both of those games by several centuries, and should therefore be considered an early indication of the popularity that cruciform race games would come to enjoy in elite and royal households from at least the 15th century onward. The study also shows that phañjikā did not enjoy the same status at court as other board games, such as chess and backgammon, also described in the Mānasollāsa. It was primarily associated with the women at court, and only engaged in by the king for the pleasure of witnessing the passionate emotion that it stirred in them. Based on the low status of the game, and the prevalence of race games in all levels of society, the study argues that phañjikā was likely an elaborate courtly adaptation of a simpler folk game. This would explain its absence from the literature outside the Mānasollāsa, as well as its many correspondences with a wide range of cruciform, square, and single-track race games only documented in more recent sources. The study suggests that more scholarly attention should be paid to the regional literatures of India, as they developed in the first half of the 2nd millennium CE, for a more detailed understanding of the early history of medieval Indian race games to be arrived at.","PeriodicalId":278025,"journal":{"name":"History of Science in South Asia","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132279985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sanskrit Recension of Persian Astronomy 波斯语天文学的梵文衰落

History of Science in South Asia Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.18732/hssa75

Anuj Misra

{"title":"Sanskrit Recension of Persian Astronomy","authors":"Anuj Misra","doi":"10.18732/hssa75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18732/hssa75","url":null,"abstract":"In the history of exchanges between Islamicate and Sanskrit astral sciences, Nityānanda's Siddhāntasindhu (c. early 1630s), composed at the court of the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān (r. 1628─58), is among the earliest examples of a Persian astronomical text translated into Sanskrit. In an earlier study, Misra (2021) described the sociohistorical context in which Nityānanda translated Mullā Farīd's Zīj-i Shāh Jahānī (c. 1629/30) into Sanskrit, and among other things, provided parallel comparative editions, with English translations, of the Persian and Sanskrit text describing the computation of true declination of a celestial object.\u0000While Misra's paper focused on the linguistic aspects of the translation process, the present paper studies the mathematics of the three methods of computing the true declination vis-à-vis Nityānanda's recension of his Sanskrit translations from his germinal Siddhāntasindhu to his chef d'œuvre, the Sarvasiddhāntarāja (1638). The paper begins by discussing the transformation of the Sanskrit text from the Siddhāntasindhu Part II.6 to the spaṣṭakrāntyadhikāra 'topic of true declination' in the gaṇitādhyāya 'chapter on computations' (henceforth identified as I.spa·krā) of his Sarvasiddhāntarāja. The metrical verses of Sarvasiddhāntarāja I.spa·krā are edited and translated into English for the very first time. A large part of this paper focuses on the technical (mathematical) analysis of the three methods of true declination, and includes detailed explanatory and historical notes. The paper also includes several technical appendices and an indexed glossary of technical terms.","PeriodicalId":278025,"journal":{"name":"History of Science in South Asia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geometrical Knowledge in Early Sri Lanka 早期斯里兰卡的几何知识

History of Science in South Asia Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18732/hssa69

C. Jayawardana

引用次数: 0

Evidence for Hospitals in Early India 早期印度医院的证据

History of Science in South Asia Pub Date : 2022-02-19 DOI: 10.18732/hssa70

D. Wujastyk

引用次数: 1

Mean and True Positions of Planets as Described in Gaṇitagannaḍi 行星的平均位置和真实位置见Gaṇitagannaḍi

History of Science in South Asia Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.18732/hssa62

B. Shylaja, Seetharam Javagal