Special Operations Journal最新文献_第3页

Surrogate Warfare: The Transformation of War in the Twenty-First Century 替代战争:21世纪战争的转变

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2021.1904343

Spencer M. Ross

{"title":"Surrogate Warfare: The Transformation of War in the Twenty-First Century","authors":"Spencer M. Ross","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2021.1904343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2021.1904343","url":null,"abstract":"In this excellent survey and analysis of the debates raised by the use of surrogates in war, Andreas Krieg and Jean-Marc Rickli make a compelling case for both the extent to which surrogacy is changing the nature of war and the seriousness with which this issue needs to be taken. Surrogacy in the context of warfare refers to the process in which the burdens of war are shifted from state and nonstate actors to human and/or technological substitutes. Recognizing that surrogates have been a feature of warfare for as long as there has been war, Krieg and Rickli offer neat historical summaries of past surrogate uses to establish that contemporary developments, and some likely future ones, are stretching earlier ways of thinking about this phenomenon to a breaking point, necessitating new analytical approaches. Surrogates have traditionally served as force multipliers or provided specialist functions within conventional wars, or functioned as disposable actors to be disowned by a state sponsor and provide distance from actions that bring political, ethical, legal, and military risks. Krieg and Rickli argue that in contemporary warfare, surrogacy is increasingly taking on different forms. The authors’ claim regarding the contemporary turning point in surrogate warfare rests on two sets of distinct developments. The first is the shift to what Krieg and Rickli describe as “neotrinitarian” warfare. This view argues that the use of surrogates and proxies effectively relocates many of the most serious costs of warfare outside the Clausewitzian triangle of political authority (the state), political agent (the soldier), and the people. As states find direct engagement in complex conflicts increasingly unpalatable and ineffective—as they are often characterized by blends of insurgency, terrorism, state failure, and criminality—Krieg and Rickli argue that surrogates offer attractive options, although at considerable potential costs. In some respects, there is a clear connection to the long history of surrogates and proxies: states use surrogates to shield themselves","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

The Paradox of Security Force Assistance after the Rise and Fall of the Islamic State in Syria–Iraq 叙利亚-伊拉克“伊斯兰国”兴衰后安全部队援助的悖论

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1820139

Jahara Matisek, Michael W. Fowler

引用次数: 4

Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare 积极措施:虚假信息和政治战的秘史

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1814531

M. Grzegorzewski

引用次数: 95

The Hacker and the State: Cyber Attacks and the New Normal of Geopolitics 黑客与国家:网络攻击与地缘政治新常态

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1814539

Jake Keplar

引用次数: 18

Secret Wars: Covert Conflict in International Politics 秘密战争:国际政治中的秘密冲突

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1814536

Jonathan D. Carroll

引用次数: 40

Temperature Rising 温度上升

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1814534

E. McCready

引用次数: 0

The Russian Understanding of War: Blurring the Lines between War and Peace 俄国人对战争的理解:模糊战争与和平之间的界限

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1814537

Ltc Andy Nilson

引用次数: 0

Disruptive Innovation through Military Design: A Collaboration between the US Joint Special Operations University and the Polish Army 军事设计中的颠覆性创新:美国联合特种作战大学与波兰陆军的合作

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1820263

Ben Ethan Zweibelson, K. Kyne, Major Robert Rosa, Major Frank Rundus

{"title":"Disruptive Innovation through Military Design: A Collaboration between the US Joint Special Operations University and the Polish Army","authors":"Ben Ethan Zweibelson, K. Kyne, Major Robert Rosa, Major Frank Rundus","doi":"10.1080/23296151.2020.1820263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2020.1820263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a five-year journey for the Polish Armed Forces and U.S. Special Operations Command’s Joint Special Operations University in establishing military design education, theory, and practice within the Polish military. Military design is presented as a significant development in defense theory that draws from complexity theory, systems theory, scenario planning, postmodern theory as well as social paradigm theory as applied to security contexts and war. Military design is a recent development and in part a reaction to traditional, mechanistic, and linear planning and strategy methodologies becoming insufficient in contemporary security environments. The increasing complexity of modern security challenges coupled with institutional barriers to challenging well-established military doctrine, decision-making methodologies, and belief systems concerning war and warfare have ushered “military design” to the forefront of numerous militaries; designing for war is not without controversy and debate over methodological application and relation to existing warfare methods. JSOU and a small team of Polish Army educators would work in tandem to implement military design theory as currently provided within the SOCOM enterprise to international partner nations such as the Polish Armed Forces and Polish Special Forces. The JSOU andragogic approach to design education emphasizes building design facilitation capacity within the partnered organization, and this article explains the five-year process to stand up Polish-centric design concepts and customized education oriented toward Polish security challenges and attuned to cultural as well as geopolitical considerations.","PeriodicalId":276818,"journal":{"name":"Special Operations Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130149089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Demystifying Artificial Intelligence through DoD Education 通过国防部教育揭开人工智能的神秘面纱

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1813372

M. Grzegorzewski

引用次数: 0

Threat Finance System: A Common Approach to Defining the Problem 威胁金融体系:定义问题的通用方法

Special Operations Journal Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/23296151.2020.1829795

S. Johnson, C. Russell

引用次数: 1