{"title":"Globalization of Venture Capital: A Product- and Asset-Cycle View: An Examination of Information Technology Ventures","authors":"C. Mann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1001262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1001262","url":null,"abstract":"Classic production models in the global economy proceed through a product cycle of innovation at home, followed by commoditization, pressure for cost minimization, and then some combination of production abroad, sales abroad, and export to the original and other foreign markets. Asset and financial market models can exhibit dramatic swings in prices and investment activity apparently caused by incomplete information and herd behavior, among other things. Investments financed by venture capital entail both a 'bet' on a particular stage of innovative product or service as well as a flow of financial capital - hence could exhibit characteristics of both the product cycle as well as the asset cycle. This paper uses data on individual venture deals in the fast-innovating information technology sector to investigate patterns of venture finance to see whether venture capital exhibits either or both of these cycles. There is significant evidence of a product cycle based not only on both traditional theory of cost minimization, but also on more modern theories of demand patterns and technological innovation. It is hard to argue that there is not an overall internet-related asset cycle, particularly in software investment in foreign portfolio firms. There is little evidence of herding toward specific investments by product or services type or by country, although there is some evidence of herding toward later-stage investments for all countries, particularly for India.","PeriodicalId":276603,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Conferences & Seminars (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126821700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven J. Davis, Steven J. Davis, Steven J. Davis, J. Haltiwanger, J. Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, C. Krizan, Javier Miranda, A. Nucci, Kristin Sandusky
{"title":"Measuring the Dynamics of Young and Small Businesses: Integrating the Employer and Nonemployer Universes","authors":"Steven J. Davis, Steven J. Davis, Steven J. Davis, J. Haltiwanger, J. Haltiwanger, Ron S. Jarmin, C. Krizan, Javier Miranda, A. Nucci, Kristin Sandusky","doi":"10.3386/W13226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W13226","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a preliminary version of an Integrated Longitudinal Business Database (ILBD) that combines administrative records and survey data for all employer and nonemployer business units in the United States. Unlike other large-scale business databases, the ILBD tracks business transitions from nonemployer to employer status. This feature of the ILBD opens a new frontier for the study of business formation, early lifecycle dynamics and the precursors to job creation in the U.S. economy. There are 5.4 million nonfarm business firms with employees as of 2000 and another 15.5 million with no employees. Our analysis focuses on 40 industries that account for nearly half of nonemployers and 36 percent of nonemployer revenues. Within these industries, nonemployers account for 14 percent of business revenues. About 220,000 of the seven million nonemployers in our selected industries hire workers and migrate to the employer universe over a three-year horizon. These Migrants account for 20 percent of revenue among young employers (three years or less since first hire). Compared to other nonemployers, the revenue of Migrants grows very rapidly in the year prior to and the year of transition to employer status.","PeriodicalId":276603,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Conferences & Seminars (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124066251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estate Taxation, Entrepreneurship, and Wealth","authors":"M. Cagetti, Mariacristina De Nardi","doi":"10.1257/AER.99.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.99.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effects of abolishing estate taxation in a quantitative and realistic framework that includes the key features that policy makers are worried about: business investment, borrowing constraints, estate transmission, and wealth inequality. We use our model to estimate effective estate taxation. We consider various tax instruments to reestablish fiscal balance when abolishing estate taxation. We find that abolishing estate taxation would not generate large increases in inequality, and would, in some cases, generate increases in aggregate output and capital accumulation. If, however, the resulting revenue shortfall were financed through increased income or consumption taxation, the immensely rich, and the old among those in particular, would experience a welfare gain, at the cost of welfare losses for the vast majority of the population.","PeriodicalId":276603,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Conferences & Seminars (Topic)","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114362875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agricultural Entrepreneurs: The First and the Forgotten?","authors":"Steven T. Richards, Steve Bulkley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1020697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1020697","url":null,"abstract":"This essay is not a comprehensive study of all issues facing agriculture today. It will be noted that agriculture is a rapidly changing industry with many high value resources at its disposal. Farmers tend to be referenced as a uniform group by the majority of Americans. Upon closer inspection, farmers are discovered to be anything but uniform as evidenced by the abundance of descriptive terms and metrics encountered in the literature. Rather than argue the many arbitrary definitions of \"farmer\", this paper strives to accurately depict today's agricultural entrepreneur and contemplate policies that best support him or her - regardless of farm size or business strategy. With the implicit understanding that not every farmer or aspiring farmer is entrepreneurial, it is the authors' hope that casual assumptions about agriculture can be dispelled and meaningful policy issues can be discussed objectively.","PeriodicalId":276603,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Conferences & Seminars (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131269229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}