Analele Banatului XXI 2013最新文献

{"title":"Roman Coins in Sarmatian Graves from the Territory of Banat (2nd-4th centuries AD)","authors":"L. Grumeza","doi":"10.55201/ltha5702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/ltha5702","url":null,"abstract":"Coins are to be found in graves from the Tisa river basin, starting with the end of the 2nd century – beginning of the 3rd century AD. Currently 20 necropolises or places with funerary remains are known in the historical territory of Banat. We notice that coins appear mostly in rich, male graves, where the deceased enjoyed a special funerary treatment; sometimes rites that belong to the eastern Sarmatian world were practiced. us, the presence of the coin is closely connected to the status and importance of the deceased inside his group of origin.As for the practice of putting “Charon’s obolus” it is impossible to state with certainty if the Sarmatians knew and practiced this custom. It is possible that some groups of Sarmatians knew the symbolical “payment” for passage in the after-world and to fulfill the necessary rituals by offering a coin. We especially refer here to necropolises from the end of the 2nd century – 3rd century AD, where we have the majority of Roman imports, graves with coffins and where we often find a coin. Starting with the 2nd century in the Roman Empire the cults of different gods and spirits intertwine resulting an inhomogeneous syncretic amalgam. It is on this background that we register a major increase of superstitions inside different layers of the society and a spread of popular beliefs. For sure part of these beliefs and superstitions from the boundaries of the Empire, along with exported goods and ended up in the Sarmatian Barbaricum, a territory in between Roman provinces.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132520201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anglo-Romanian Economic Relations","authors":"Marusia Cîrstea","doi":"10.55201/yfik8813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/yfik8813","url":null,"abstract":"In the period between 1934 and 1939, the Romanian diplomacy continuously undertook and supported such measures and actions as to strengthen ties with Western states with a view to maintaining peace and also signing economic and financial agreements. In this context, Great Britain played an important role within the area of economic relations. e wide scope of these commercial and financial connections are primarily determined by Romania’s attempt to avoid becoming dependent on Germany; secondly, there is the need to expedite the country’s industrialization process by importing advanced technologies; and thirdly, the objective of strengthening the currency through important loans from English banks.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"2022 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noi date despre istoricul activitatii Partidului National-Popular in Banat in anul 1946","authors":"Radu Păiuşan","doi":"10.55201/drgs2891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/drgs2891","url":null,"abstract":"From the beginning, in the spring of 1946, the Popular National Party was involved in social and cultural life in the Banat counties. Built for the intellectual people and the middle class of the population, it managed to attract some intellectuals (teachers, doctors etc.) from the countryside. In Timișoara the Popular National Party was not well represented and it had a limited distribution because it came late on the political stage, more exactly after the Second World War. e party still managed to impose a general of the army for president. In commission there were representatives, like secondary teachers, journalists, but it had also managed to accomplish its political program especially in Banat. At its central level the Popular National Party had remarkable people like the great George Călinescu, the director of the centre of press of the party “e Nation”, another important member was Andrei Oţetea and many others personalities of social and cultural life.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"19 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113984799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periferiile orasului Timisoarei in anul 1933 The / Peripheries of Timisoara in 1933","authors":"Vasile Rămneanțu","doi":"10.55201/txen1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/txen1432","url":null,"abstract":"e census accomplished at the end of the year 1933 for Timișoara’s outskirts proves the concern of the city authorities for the situation of the local inhabitants of these areas with the intent to enact an urban renewal scheme. e results of the census showed that the outskirts of the city underwent a broader development starting with the year 1924, a process that continued at the beginning of the fourth decade of the 20th century, especially at the peripheries from the 2nd and the 3rd districts of the city.As for the home owners in the north periphery, the workers prevailed, in the 3rd district the craftsmen, the clerk’s district being at the periphery of Timișoara’s 2nd district. e city was mostly constructed of brick houses, a fact that proves the welfare of the owners, however there were also mud houses. e houses consisted primarily of one apartment and usually had a kitchen (13% were without), a room and a water closet. A significant number of the apartments lacked water closets (a number of 258, or 16%) and storerooms (a number of 680). Only a few apartments had bathrooms. Hygiene problems were mostly at the east periphery of the city. All these data underline the apartments from the outskirts lacked comfort (65% were one room apartments) and more or less had only a minimum of civilized conditions (5% were without bathroom, etc.).Most apartments were in good shape (76%), the worst situation being in the north and the east parts of the city and the best conditions in the south part of the city. From the outskirts apartments 3% were uninhabited, mostly in the north part of the city, this being a normal situation according to the real estate market from those years. e real estate market of the outskirts’ apartments was mirrored by the number of the hired apartments which rose at 24%. e results of the census underline another important aspect, namely the fact that during the economic crisis, a great enough number of houses were built on the periphery, suggesting that not all the inhabitants of the city were struck by the effects of the global economic crisis.Most of the houses were inhabited by one single family (94%), as for the number of the persons, in quite equal percents (25%) were inhabited by two, respectively three and four persons, the most populated having twelve inhabitants. e north periphery of the city was the most densely populated. As for the area of the rooms, the most unacceptable ratios were located at the east periphery of the city. ese census data show that 33% of the married men were between 30 and 40 years old, being craftsmen, workers and clerks, the percentage being the same for the married women, who were mostly housewives (88%). e children living in the outskirts of Timişoara were mostly males. Another aim of the census was the analysis of the situation of those who moved at the outskirts. A representative sample shows that in 65% of the cases the intention was to get a home for the family, which proves a satisfactory ec","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131644914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dabaca: necropola din jurul bisericii din Gradina lui A. Tamas Cateva idei privind evolutia habitatului de la Dabaca / Dabaca: the Churchyard Cemetery in the Garden of A. Tamas. Some Ideas on the Evolution of the Medieval Habitat in Dabaca","authors":"Erwin Gáll","doi":"10.55201/fidn6535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/fidn6535","url":null,"abstract":"e village of Dăbâca/Doboka is situated 30 kms northwest of Cluj-Napoca, by the stream called Lona, which flows into the River Someş 10 km away from this place. One side of the mountain called Nagyhegy, which is situated southwest of the village (529 m above sea level), made the valley of the stream Lona so narrow that it is a vantage point of the pass. e road in the narrow valley, squeezed between two hills, in the middle of the village takes a sharp turn to the left. e old fortress district was in the area curbed this way. e two hills are gradually declining towards northwest.e shape of the fortress is similar to a pie with a sharp angle and an arc at the end, pointing towards north-northeast. Both sides are well defendable, sloping in 25°–45°. e early medieval fortress district was built in this place with a number of villages and churches around it.e necropolis of Fortress Area 4, which belonged to the village in the 11th–13th centuries was found in the south-eastern part of the fortress district.e excavations beginning in the early 60’s in the last century were conducted with preconceptions, as the centre of Chief Gelou was thought to have been discovered before the start of the excavations, which is an impassable way from a scientific point of view.In this brief research history, which in many cases is not so relevant in our research, one can draw two conclusions: 1. Dăbâca perfectly demonstrates the concepts, interpretations and vision of the expert who lived in the various eras in the 20th century; 2. So far the interpretation of Dăbâca has been based on the historical narative and linguistic data. e archaeological data is limited to providing arguments for different historical theories; 3. Scientific-political, political and supposedly personal interests and careerist considerations all played a part or worked as the driving forces behind the start of the excavations in Dăbâca in the 60’s. Unfortunately the past political manipulations have had a great ‘career’ in national-communist Romania, and Dăbâca is a sad symbol of this.Unfortunately, a major scientific problem of the excavated part of the cemetery is that the skeletons have not been preserved. Although we have managed to identify the finds, the lack of bones is an irreparable loss. e remains of the population in Tămaş garden in Dăbâca can only be analysed scientifically after new successful excavations.In spite of the fact that the archaeological analyses so far have informed us about two churches excavated in the garden of Tămaş, the original documentation, which is at our disposal, clearly attests that only one church was excavated. In the south, the walls of a much bigger church were detected but they have remained unexplored. e church may be dated by the nine coins of Ladislaus I (1077–1095), found in sector A in its northern part. e received burial rite in the 11th – 13th centuries was the skeleton burial. e cremation burial rite, known in previous centuries, disappears in the","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126024616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentru o istorie a viselor romanesti: probleme ale cercetarii, surse si tipologie / For a History of Romanian Dreams: Problems of Research, Sources and Typology","authors":"Sorin Mitu","doi":"10.55201/kpuq3652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/kpuq3652","url":null,"abstract":"e paper is presenting the bibliography and the sources referring to the dreams in the Romanian history. After reviewing the bibliography, a classification and an analysis of dreams is made, divided into “real dreams”, “fictional dreams”, “daydreams”, “interpreted dreams” and “visions”. e main authors of the dream studies (in connection with the Romanian history, literature and culture) are Ovidiu Moceanu, Matei Cazacu, Sultana Craia, Aurel Pantea, Andrei Oişteanu. e conclusions highlight the importance of the historical onirology, in the framework of the Romanian cultural history.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121268188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anotimpuri ale mortii. Date despre o metoda arheologico-astronomica pentru studierea riturilor funerare antice / Seasons of Death. Towards an Archaeological-Astronomical Method for Studying Ancient Burial Rites","authors":"Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu, Vlad Turcu","doi":"10.55201/ezdd8994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/ezdd8994","url":null,"abstract":"e paper focuses on the many problems occurring while analysing mortuary discoveries, emphasizing and reviewing the main aspects that should be taken into consideration while dealing with such material. Right from the start we would like to stress that such an approach is strictly conditioned by a thorough excavation technique and documentation in order to produce enough data to study how ancient communities conceptualized death. e orientation of the tomb can offer us a great deal of information following the idea that no such action was in fact random. We can then suppose that the orientation of the tombs was performed according to inner cosmologies and rules of each structured community being thus the result of a conscious and self-assumed way of thinking. Following this idea and based on the hypothesis that some religious cardinal points should exist in every community whether they refer to geographical, religious or cultural aspects we tried to establish the “seasons of death” in two Gepidic necropolises – Vlaha (Cluj County) and Fântânele (Bistriţa-Năsăud County) – based on the slight deviations of the axis of the tombs.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124466188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situatia financiar-bancara in judetul Severin (1944-1948)","authors":"Eusebiu Narai","doi":"10.55201/gzyy6029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/gzyy6029","url":null,"abstract":"Lugoj is a place where the bank system had a productive period concerning the trade and the wealth of the population. Caransebeş was an important centre of railways with many banks with a great capital and a wealth economy.In sum, the banks from Severin grew, but in the years that followed 1944–1945, their numbers decreased considerably. Here is an example of banks in: Craiova, Lugoj, Făget, Sibiu, Caransebeş and so on. ere were also in Teregova and Mehadia (Severin), Bozovici (Caraş), Buziaş (Timiş), Sacul and Eşelniţa (Severin).e insurance groups like “Dacia-România” – in Lugoj, and Orşova; “Franco-Română” – in Lugoj; “Steaua României” – in Lugoj and Caransebeş; “Minerva” – in Lugoj; “Urania” – in Caransebeş cannot be omitted.Popular banks were placed in Lugoj – “Lugojana”; “Plugarul Sinteştean” (Sinteşti); “Soarele” (Cireşul); “Graniţa” (Teregova); “Luceafărul” (Mehadia); “Economia” (Orşova); “Timişul” and the Popular Bank of Teachers in Lugoj. eir purpose was to help peasants with money, tools, machines and seeds for their land.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Din oglinda cu memorie.Calatoria fotografiei la Timisoara (1839-1855) / From the Mirror with a Memory-Travelling Photography towards Timisoara (1839-1855)","authors":"Cristian Graure","doi":"10.55201/fvzl2449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/fvzl2449","url":null,"abstract":"After Niepce perfected process of taking heliographs after nature and later on, with the discovery of the procedure of Daguerre, the photography was born into this world. With the public disclosure made by Daguerre at the French Academy of Science in 1839, the daguerreotype was introduced to the rest of the Europe an the World, specially to the Viennese people who had a representative at the French meeting that year in the person of Ethinghausen. He rapidly presented the process with his return to the Austrian people, who quickly was drawn by it and soon was improved by the local scientists and artists like A. Martin and Jozsef Petzval, who introduced for the first time the lenses produced by mathematical calculations.With the improvements made to the camera and the liberty to take photographs, from Vienna the medium rapidly extended to other parts of the empire, arriving at just two months and a half from the invention, in Hungary and Banat.e first announcements were made in the same year in the German newspaper “Temswarer Wochenblatt” in Timisoara and later in the issues of the following years. e first photographer who took images in Timisoara was Philipp Dombeck, who came in the city from Bavaria, trough Bohemia and Hungary and finally established in Brasov after a short period of practice in Banat.Because the local market offered new and good possibilities to make a career in the field, after Dombeck have come Gottfried Barth and Wenzel Proksch, the last was a famous camera manufacturer from Vienna, who also worked in Transylvania.ey produced daguerreotypes for the local wealthy population at relatively high prices for that period in comparison with other products. After the photographic market grown, the daguerreotype prices dropped and taking pictures has become an aspiration for most of the people in need of representation.e two were followed by Johann Huber from Pest, Friedrich Binder from Buda, witch established later in Bucharest, Ulbach Vince (1812 – 1848) and Beck Vince (1799 – 1858), some of the initiators in Hungarian daguerreotype and later, after 1850 by Nikolaus Stockmann (1832 – 1905), who will make a great reputation in the region as daguerreotypist and photographer and later in the future dual monarchy, being granted the title of “imperial photographer”.Besides the “traveling photographers”, Timişoara was also a developed cultural centre with high aspirations regarding the new innovative methods created by arts and science, and the local “Lyceum” and physics laboratory was endowed with different optical and photographic apparatuses for lessons. e laboratory has been enriched constantly by the future priest and photographer Jozsef Brand, who became a well known figure in the city.Due to its role and position within the Empire, the Banat region mediated the extremities, uniting the western world with the eastern, in a common cultural dialogue which was based at some time upon the photographic image.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resedinta regala medievala de la Timisoara / The Medieval Royal Residence from Timisoara","authors":"Zsuzsanna Kopeczny","doi":"10.55201/pwso5196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/pwso5196","url":null,"abstract":"e subject of our present paper fits in the topic of medieval royal seats, which have always been considered a priority of historical and archaeological research. Our purpose was to synthesise all documentary data about the royal residence of the Anjou period from Timişoara, corroborating them with the results of older and the newest archaeological investigations. e latter ones, carried out during the last six years, have a great importance, for many of the so far formulated ideas and theories proved to be wrong. One of the first historical corrections to be made is related to the date of the first visit in Timişoara of King Charles I of Anjou. According to the latest research, the charter which stood at the base of this affirmation, initially dated to 1307, was in fact issued a decade later. In consequence we do not have any proof of the royal presence in the region prior to 1315, when the first charters are issued by the same king from Timişoara. Despite all documentary evidence related to the presence and functioning of the royal court here, information is extremely scarce regarding the residence itself: construction, architectural aspect etc. Following older monographs, the idea took hold that the king disposed the construction of a elaborate stone castle, mainly carried out by Italian masons who followed the king to the Realm of Hungary. Archaeological excavations revealed that this theory couldn’t be further from truth. All constructions dated to this first functional period of the castle, known today as Huniade Castle, were erected exclusively of brick and wood. Stone is comparatively rare and is limited to the foundations of some of the buildings. Even decorative elements, such as door frames, were carried out of profiled bricks. e core of the residence is represented by a quadrate shaped tower. Initially it was surrounded by a wooden palisade doubled with a ditch, enclosing a much smaller area compared to the later periods. It is highly possible, though not proven yet, that the brick tower was preceded by a wooden stronghold constructed prior to the 14th century. Later on a defence wall made of brick was constructed around the keep and the residence has been extended also with a palace.Archaeological evidence shows that, contrary to all expectations, the royal residence from Timişoara had rather modest and practical architectural features. is can be partly explained with the geomorphologic configuration of the terrain, consisting of smaller and larger dry lands surrounded by watercourses and swamp. e lack of stone quarries in the proximity is another aspect to be taken into consideration, which along with the temporary character of the seat would have made greater construction and financial efforts rather worthless. If we compare the residence from Timişoara with the one from Visegrád, constructed by King Charles I after 1323, we can easily observe the similarities and the same modesty of the architecture.","PeriodicalId":276284,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXI 2013","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129736780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}